“WATER SALES MANAGEMENT”

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted By
MENDPARA MEVIL(220433116018)
JOLIYA VEDANT(220433116011)
BHARTI RUPESH(220433116003)

In partial fulfillment for the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

Information Technology
Shantilal Shah Engineering College,
Bhavnagar

Gujarat Technological University,

Ahmedabad

October, 2024
 Shantilal Shah Engineering College
New Sidsar Campus, Bhavnagar

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Software Project Management subject practical file submitted along

with the project entitled “WATER SALES MANAGEMENT” has been carried out by

Mendpara Mevil (220433116018) under my guidance in partial fulfillment for the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology, 7th semester of Gujarat Technological

University, Ahmedabad during academic year 2023-24.

Prof. A. D. Maniya Prof. (Dr.) M. S. Shah

Internal Guide Head of Department,
Information Technology
 Shantilal Shah Engineering College
New Sidsar Campus, Bhavnagar

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Software Project Management subject practical file submitted along

with the project entitled “WATER SALES MANAGEMENT” has been carried out by

Joliya Vedant (220433116011) under my guidance in partial fulfillment for the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology, 7th semester of Gujarat Technological

University, Ahmedabad during academic year 2023-24.

Prof. A. D. Maniya
Prof. (Dr.) M. S. Shah
Internal Guide
Head of Department,
Information Technology
 Shantilal Shah Engineering College
New Sidsar Campus, Bhavnagar

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Software Project Management subject practical file submitted along

with the project entitled “WATER SALES MANAGEMENT” has been carried out by

Bharti Rupesh (220433116003) under my guidance in partial fulfillment for the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology, 7th semester of Gujarat Technological

University, Ahmedabad during academic year 2023-24.

Prof. A. D. Maniya
Prof. (Dr.) M. S. Shah
Internal Guide
Head of Department,
Information Technology
Software Project Management Water Sales Management

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In our relentless quest for knowledge, we are deeply grateful as we contemplate the evolution
of our water sales management project. It's difficult to express our heartfelt appreciation for
those who stood by our side during this endeavor. At this juncture, we want to extend our
sincere thanks to all those who contributed to the triumphant execution of this project.

First and foremost, we owe a debt of gratitude to our esteemed mentor, Professor S. J.
Agravat, whose invaluable guidance and vast reservoir of expertise led us to the successful
realization of our project. We also want to acknowledge the generous support of the Shantilal
Shah Engineering College for equipping us with the essential resources and infrastructure,
allowing us to bring our project to fruition within the confines of our workspace.

Lastly, we wish to express our profound thanks to our friends and colleagues who have been
unwavering in their support throughout this journey. Your encouragement and assistance have
played an indispensable role in our success in the realm of water sales management.

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Software Project Management Water Sales Management

ABSTRACT

The 'Water Sales Management System' is an advanced application designed to enhance the
water sales process, optimizing every step of the customer's journey through the sales
pipeline. It all begins when a potential customer expresses interest in purchasing water, and
their information is recorded by the sales representative, initiating the process. Subsequently,
the customer's details are shared with the sales department. After the sales team's evaluation,
customer orders are efficiently logged in a database, directly linked to the water supply and
distribution network. This innovative system ensures customers can seamlessly access the
requested water quantities, streamlining sales operations for improved efficiency and
accuracy.

In an industry marked by advancements in customer service and inventory management, the

Water Sales Management System represents a significant advancement. Its seamless
integration of customer data, order processing, and water distribution enhances the overall
customer experience and sales efficiency. This system is poised to transform the way water
sales are managed and tracked, ultimately contributing to more effective and customer-centric
services in the water supply sector.

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LIST OF FIGURES
Fig No. Description Page No.
2.1 Linear Sequential Model 6
2.2 Gantt Chart 9
4.1 Use Case Diagram for Admin & User 22
4.2 Class Diagram 23
4.3 System Activity Diagram 24
4.4 Context Diagram 26
4.5 Level-0 Data Flow Diagram 26
4.6 Level-1 Data Flow Diagram 27
4.7 E-R Diagram 28
5.1 Flow Chart 33
5.2 State Transition Diagram for Customer 34
5.3 State Transition Diagram for Saler 34
5.4 System Architecture for Customer 35
5.5 System Architecture for Saler 35

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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Description Page No.
2.1 Risk Analysis Table 11
2.2 Information Domain Values 13
2.3 Value Adjustment Factors (VAF) 13
4.1 Data Dictionary 25

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LIST OF SYMBOLS

SYMBOLS FOR USE CASE DIAGRAM:

SYMBOLS FOR ACTIVITY DIAGRAM:

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Software Project Management Water Sales Management

SYMBOLS FOR DATAFLOW DIAGRAM:

SYMBOL FOR ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM:

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ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation Description
DB Database
DFD Data Flow Diagram
FP Function Point
EIs External Inputs
EOs External Outputs
ILFs Internal Logical Files
EIFs External Logical Files
VAF Value Adjustment Factors

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TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter No. Description Page No.
Acknowledgement i
Abstract ii
List of Figures iii
List of Tables iv
List of Symbols v
List of Abbreviation vii
Table of Contents viii

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Project Summary 2
1.2 Purpose 2
1.3 Scope 3
1.4 Technology & Literature Review 3

Chapter 2 Project Planning & Scheduling 5

2.1 Project Planning & Scheduling 6
2.1.1 Project Development Approach 6
2.1.2 Project Plan 7
2.1.3 Schedule Representation 9
2.2 Risk Management 9
2.2.1 Risk Identification 9
2.2.2 Risk Analysis 11
2.2.3 Risk Planning 11
2.3 Estimation 12
2.3.1 Effort Estimation 12
2.3.2 Cost Analysis 14

Chapter 3 System Requirement Study 15

3.1 User Characteristics 16

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Software Project Management Water Sales Management

3.2 Hardware and Software Requirement 16

3.3 Constraints 17

Chapter 4 System Analysis 19

4.1 Study of Current System 20
4.2 Problem & Weakness of Current System 20
4.3 Requirements of New System 21
4.4 Requirement Validations 21
4.5 Function of System 22
4.5.1 Use Case Diagram 22
4.6 Data Modelling 23
4.6.1 Class Diagram 23
4.6.2 System Activity Diagram 24
4.6.3 Data Dictionary 25
4.7 Functional & Behavioural Modelling 26
4.7.1 Context Diagram 26
4.7.2 Data Flow Diagram 26
4.7.3 E-R Diagram 28
4.8 Main Modules of New System 28
4.9 Selection of Hardware & Software Justification 29

Chapter 5 System Design 31

5.1 Database Design 32
5.2 System Procedural Design 33
5.2.1 Flow Chart or activity design 33
5.3 Input/output and Interface design 34
5.3.1 Access Control & Security 34
5.3.2 State-Transition Diagram 34
5.4 System architecture design 35

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Chapter 6 Limitations & Future Enhancement 37

6.1 Limitations 38
6.2 Further Enhancement 38

Chapter 7 Conclusion 40

References 41

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Software Project Management Water Sales Management

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Summary

1.2 Purpose

1.3 Scope

1.4 Technology & Literature Review

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Software Project Management Water Sales Management

1.1 PROJECT SUMMARY

The 'Water Sales Management System' is an innovative application developed to optimize

and enhance the customer experience in the field of water sales. Starting at the point of
customer inquiry, sharing customer information with the sales team, and seamlessly linking
order records to the water supply, this system is focused on improving the efficiency,
accuracy, and convenience of water sales and order processing. With its cutting-edge
functionalities, the system is poised to transform the operations in the water sales industry,
fostering a customer-centric approach while streamlining the entire process of managing
water sales and order fulfillment.

1.2 PURPOSE

1. Enhanced Operational Efficiency: The implementation of this system aims to streamline

water sales processes, reducing delays and enhancing the speed and precision of order
processing by automating tasks like order entry and inventory management.

2. Customer-Centric Approach: The primary objective is to prioritize the customer's

experience by minimizing wait times, ensuring the availability of ordered products, and
simplifying the purchasing journey to boost customer satisfaction and convenience.

3. Optimized Sales Management: Beyond individual customer orders, the system serves
the broader purpose of providing real-time insights into order flow, product inventory,
and resource allocation. This empowers sales managers to make data-driven decisions,
reduce operational costs, and enhance the quality of services provided in the water sales
domain.

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1.3 SCOPE

1 Full-Spectrum Sales Integration: This project encompasses all aspects of the water sales
process, from customer inquiries to order fulfillment, offering a cohesive solution for
managing water sales and order processing.

2 Compatibility with Current Systems: It involves the integration of the system with
existing sales management tools, customer databases, and order processing systems to
ensure smooth data flow and alignment with established procedures.

1.4 TECHNOLOGY & LITERATURE REVIEW

Technology Review:

1. Database Systems: You would likely delve into the technology behind databases,
discussing how they are utilized to securely store data related to water sales.

2. Communication Technologies: If your system employs communication technologies like

RFID or wireless systems for managing water sales, you'd review the technology behind
these systems and their applications in the context of water sales management.

3. Web and Mobile Applications: If your system involves web or mobile applications for
managing water sales, you'd discuss the technologies and frameworks commonly used in
such applications.

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Software Project Management Water Sales Management

Literature Review:

1. Management Systems in Sales and Distribution: Review previous studies or systems in

the sales and distribution field that aim to improve the management and tracking of sales,
including water sales.

2. Technological Innovations in Sales: Explore how technology has been leveraged in sales
and distribution settings to enhance efficiency and streamline processes.

3. Data Security and Privacy in Sales Management: Discuss previous research on data
security and privacy concerns in sales management information systems, which are
critical aspects of any water sales management system.

4. User Experience in Sales Technology: Review literature related to user experience and
usability in sales and distribution technologies to ensure your system is user-friendly and
efficient in managing water sales.

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Software Project Management Water Sales Management

CHAPTER 2: PROJECT PLANNING &SCHEDULING

2.1 Project Planning & Scheduling

2.1.1 Project Development Approach
2.1.2 Project Plan
2.1.3 Schedule Representation

2.2 Risk Management

2.2.1 Risk Identification
2.2.2 Risk Analysis
2.2.3 Risk Planning

2.3 Estimation
2.3.1 Effort Estimation
2.3.2 Cost Analysis

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2.1 PROJECT PLANNING & SCHEDULING

2.1.1 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT APPROACH

The software process model is intricate and entails a multitude of activities. It delineates a
series of tasks and the associated outcomes that shape a software development process.

In order to address real-world challenges within an industrial context, software engineers,

either individually or in teams, must integrate a development strategy that encompasses the
layers of process, methods, and tools, along with the overarching phases. This overarching
strategy is often referred to as a process model or a paradigm in software engineering. The
choice of a process model in software engineering hinges on various factors, including the
project's nature, its intended application, the methods and tools to be employed, and the
necessary controls and deliverables.

As per our system's assessment, the most suitable model for your specific needs is the Linear
Sequential Model.

Linear Sequential Model:

Fig 2.1 Linear Sequential Model

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Software Project Management Water Sales Management

The Linear Sequential Model, also known as the 'waterfall model' or the 'classic life cycle
model,' is one of the oldest paradigms in software development. It proposes a methodical,
step-by-step approach to developing software. The software development process begins with
the phase of gathering requirements and then progresses through analysis, design, coding,
testing, and maintenance.

Here are the key phases of the Linear Sequential Model:

1. Requirement Gathering and Analysis: In this phase, the software engineer, typically an
analyst, must understand the system's requirements. This involves comprehending the
system's information domain, functionality, and behavioral requirements.

2. Design: Design serves as an intermediate step between requirement analysis and coding.
It focuses on aspects such as data structure, software architecture, and interface
representation.

3. Coding: During this stage, the design is translated into machine-readable code.
Effective coding is possible when the design has been detailed adequately.

4. Testing: Various testing methods are employed in this phase to identify problems and
bugs in the product.

5. Maintenance: This is the longest phase in the software development life cycle. During
maintenance, developers work to rectify errors, improve the performance of functions
that may not be working optimally, and potentially introduce new features.

2.1.2 PROJECT PLAN

1. Project Initiation: Begin by defining the project's scope, objectives, and

identifying stakeholders. Create a project charter and obtain the necessary
approvals.

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Software Project Management Water Sales Management

2. Requirements Analysis: Gather and document in-depth project

requirements. Seek stakeholder approval for these requirements.

3. System Design: Develop a comprehensive system design based on the

approved requirements. Create architectural diagrams and system
flowcharts.

4. Implementation: Commence the coding and development process

according to the design. Conduct unit testing for individual components.

5. Integration and Testing: Integrate the components into a functional system.

Perform system testing, including user-acceptance testing.

6. Documentation and Training: Prepare user documentation and provide

training sessions. Ensure that all documentation is thorough and readily
accessible.

7. Deployment: Get the system ready for deployment in the production

environment. Execute final testing and launch the system.

8. Operations and Maintenance: Transition into the maintenance and support

phase. Establish ongoing support procedures and monitor for any issues.

9. Project Closure: Conduct a project review and evaluate the lessons learned.
Finalize all project documentation and officially close the project.

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2.1.3 SCHEDULE REPRESENTATION

Fig 2.2 Gantt Chart

This illustration illustrates a Gantt chart for a project named "Water Sales Management
System Development." The chart visually represents the project's timeline and the durations
of significant phases, including Project Initiation, Requirements Analysis, System Design,
Implementation, Integration and Testing, Documentation and Training, Deployment,
Operations and Maintenance, and Project Closure. The project initiates in Week 1 and
concludes in Week 27.

2.2 RISK MANAGEMENT

2.2.1 RISK IDENTIFICATION

There are three main categories of risk which can affect a software project:

 Project Risks
 Technical Risks
 Business Risks

Project Risks:

 Expansion of Scope: A key risk in the project involves the expansion of the project's
scope, which may involve the introduction of extra features or alterations after project

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commencement. This can potentially result in delays, higher costs, and increased
resource demands.
 Limitations in Resources: Insufficient access to skilled resources or fluctuations in the
composition of the team can have an effect on both project schedules and the quality of
the work.
 Breakdown in Communication: Ineffective communication among team members or
with stakeholders can result in misunderstandings, misaligned expectations, and project
setbacks.

Technical Risks:

 Technology Harmony: Challenges related to the compatibility of technology with

current systems, hardware, or software might impede project advancement and
integration.
 Security Concerns: It is imperative to recognize and resolve potential security risks and
vulnerabilities to prevent data breaches and safeguard sensitive information.
 Performance Hurdles: Technical uncertainties encompass performance challenges, like
sluggish system response times, which may arise from inefficient coding, database
design, or limitations in infrastructure.

Business Risks:

 Market Dynamics: Swift alterations in the market, shifts in customer preferences, or

modifications in industry regulations can influence the project's significance and
business approach.
 Financial Limitations: Exceeding the budget or financial instability may hinder the
project's advancement or result in reduced investments in essential areas.
 Competitive Challenges: The software project might encounter heightened competition,
necessitating ongoing adjustments and innovation to sustain a competitive advantage in
the market.

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2.2.2 RISK ANALYSIS

 Limitations in Personnel: Inadequate staffing may result in development delays and

necessitate alterations in the working strategy due to the interdependencies of functional
modules.
 Unrealistic Timelines: Unrealistic schedules could lead developers to make
commitments to users that are challenging to fulfill, potentially eroding trust when
deliverables are not met as planned.
 Development of Incorrect Software Functions: This can occur due to incorrect
requirement analysis or the use of improper programming methods to automate those
requirements. Such errors can lead to system failure and the potential abandonment of
the project.
 Development of Inaccurate User Interfaces: This may arise from a lack of user
acceptance and involvement during development. The likelihood of this risk can be
categorized as very low (<10%), low (10-25%), moderate (20-25%), high (50-75%), or
very high (>75%).

Risk Analysis Table:

Sr. Risk Probability Effect

No.
1 Organizational financial problem force reduction in
Low Catastrophic
the product budget
2 Required knowledge is notavailable Moderate Catastrophic
3 Change to requirement which require major design
High Serious
of rework
4 Organization is restructured so that different
High Serious
management are responsible forproject
5 The time required to develop software is
Moderate Serious
underestimated
6 The rate of defectrepair is underestimated Moderate Tolerate
7 Misuse of the system High serious
Table 2.1 Risk Analysis Table

2.2.3 RISK PLANNING

The three types of identified risks, namely Project Risk, Technical Risk, and Business Risk,
each require distinct mitigation strategies to either reduce or eliminate their potential impact

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or likelihood of occurrence. In the following sections, we outline the general approach for
addressing each category.

 Project Risk: Generally, project risks can be mitigated through realistic planning and
vigilant monitoring.
 Technical Risk: To mitigate technical risks, it is advisable to leverage prior experience
as extensively as possible. Additionally, making cautious design choices, especially
when dealing with new technologies, has been an effective method for reducing
technical risks throughout the project.
 Business Risk: Minimizing business risks involves closely examining the project's
feasibility and requirement specifications.

2.3 ESTIMATION

2.3.1 EFFORT ESTIMATION

In order to accurately assess the system and determine the project's estimation, it was
necessary to perform certain metric calculations specific to this project. Software project
metrics provide an efficient means to achieve this. These metrics offer insights into the
project's size and complexity, aiding in planning and cost estimation. For this project,
function-oriented metrics were employed to gauge the project's size at an abstract level,
irrespective of the programming language used. To do this, Function Points (FP) were utilized.

Function Points are calculated based on the following information domains:

 Number of external inputs (EIs) – inputs provided by users or other systems.

 Number of external outputs (EOs) – outputs generated within the system or transmitted
to other systems.
 Number of external inquiries (EQs) – online inputs resulting in immediate software
responses in the form of online outputs.
 Number of internal logical files (ILFs) – logical data groupings residing within the
application's boundaries and managed through external inputs.
 Number of external interface files (EIFs) – logical data groupings external to the
application but supplying data that may be useful to the application.

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Step-1: You need to calculate the total count, which will be used to determine the project's
level of complexity.

Effort Estimationof My Project based on FP:-

Count Weighting factor Result
Measurement parameter
Number of user inputs 30 6 180
Number of user outputs 15 5 75
Number of user inquiries 2 3 6
Number of files 4 7 28
Number of external interfaces 6 5 30
Count Total 319
Table 2.2 Information Domain Values

Step-2: You need to determine the values for adjusting complexity based on the responses to
the following questions:

No. Questions Value

1 Does the system require reliable backup and recovery? 3
2 Are data communications required? 3
3 Are there distributed processing functions? 0
4 Is performance critical? 0
5 Will the system run in an existing, heavily utilized operationalenvironment? 2
6 Does the system require on-line data entry? 4
7 Does the on-line data entry require the input transaction to be builtover
0
multiple screens or operations?
8 Are the master files updated on-line? 5
9 Are the inputs, outputs, files, or inquiries complex? 1
10 Is the internal processing complex? 2
11 Is the code designed to be reusable? 5
12 Are conversion and installation included in the design? 0
13 Is the system designed for multiple installations in different organizations? 0
14 Is the application designed to facilitate change and ease of use by the user? 5
Count 30
Table 2.3 Value Adjustment Factors (VAF)

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FP = Count * [0.65+0.01 * SUM [fi]]

FP = Count *[0.65+0.01*30]
FP = 236*0.3
FP = 70.8
For this project our FP/pm is 14. Hence, we need 5 months to complete the project

2.3.2 COST ANALYSIS

The expenses incurred during the project development are divided into two categories:

A. Direct Cost:
This pertains to the financial aspect of our project. In our project, the estimated costs are as
follows:
 Hardware (Computer): Rs34,600.00 (a one-time fixed cost)
 8 GB RAM
 3.0 GHz Processor
 15 GB of free hard disk space
 1024*768 display

 Software (1-year license)

 Windows 11: Rs. 3550
 MongoDB server: Rs. 10800
 Visual Studio

 System study

On average, the project requires an expenditure of over Rs. 4,000 per month to be operational.

B. Indirect Cost:
In my project, the estimated cost is related to:

 The time allocated for system analysis and design.

 Time management for coding.
 Report generation.
 Making use of external resources, such as online references.

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Software Project Management Water Sales Management

CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM REQUIREMENT STUDY

3.1 User Characteristics

3.2 Hardware and Software Requirement
3.3 Constraints

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3.1 USER CHARACTERISTICS

In the context of a water sales management system, the primary user characteristics include:

 Administrative Staff: Personnel involved in water sales management, such as sales

representatives and support staff, need an intuitive interface to facilitate the management
of customer accounts and sales operations.
 Sales Team: Sales representatives require access to customer data and order information.
 Customers: Customers should have access to their account information and the ability to
place orders for water products.
 Inventory Management Team: The team responsible for water supply and inventory
management needs access to product details and stock information.
 Business Management: Management personnel focus on aspects like security, compliance,
and the overall performance of the system.
 External Partners: Collaborative partners from third-party organizations may require
secure access to the system for integrated operations.
 Technical Support: IT staff are responsible for system maintenance and providing
technical support.

3.2 HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

Hardware Requirements:

 Server Infrastructure: Specify the type, setup, and quantity of servers needed, including
redundancy or backup systems, if necessary.
 User Workstations: Provide hardware details for individual user workstations, including
specifications like CPU, RAM, and storage.
 Network Equipment: Enumerate the networking components such as routers, switches,
and firewalls essential for supporting the system.
 Storage Solutions: Describe the storage devices (e.g., hard drives, SSDs, SAN) necessary
for data storage.

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 Peripheral Equipment: Identify any specialized peripheral devices (e.g., barcode scanners,
printers) required for the operation of the system in the context of water sales
management.

Software Requirements:

 Operating Environment: Outline the necessary operating system for both servers and
workstations, including specific versions and configurations.
 Database Management: Specify the database management software (e.g., MySQL,
Oracle) that the system will utilize.
 Software Applications: Enumerate the required software applications or tools vital for
the system's functionality, including version specifications.
 Web Hosting: Identify the web server software (e.g., Apache, Nginx) essential for
web-based applications.
 Development Resources: Indicate any development tools or frameworks needed for
software development and testing.
 Security Tools: Explain any security software (e.g., antivirus, firewall) needed to
safeguard the system.
 Data Backup and Recovery Tools: If applicable, mention the software used for data
backup and recovery.
 User Interfaces: Describe the components or tools related to user interface design and
usability.

3.3 CONSTRAINTS

 Project Limitations: Financial constraints will impact how resources are allocated,
deadlines must be adhered to to prevent delays, resource restrictions may affect team
availability, and scope restrictions define the project's boundaries.
 Technical Limitations: Compatibility issues with current systems or data security
prerequisites can restrict technology choices.
 Regulatory and Legal Limitations: Adherence to data protection laws, industry
regulations, and intellectual property rights will influence project decisions and practices.

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 Market Limitations: Competition in the market and customer expectations can influence
the project's direction and priorities.
 Other Limitations: Cultural, ethical, and social considerations, as well as location-specific
factors, health and safety standards, and environmental concerns, can impact project
planning and execution in the context of water sales management.

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CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM ANALYSIS

4.1 Study Of Current System

4.2 Problem & Weakness Of Current System
4.3 Requirements Of New System
4.4 Requirement Validations
4.5 Function Of System
4.5.1 Use Case Diagram
4.6 Data Modelling
4.6.1 Class Diagram
4.6.2 System Activity Diagram
4.6.3 Data Dictionary
4.7 Functional & Behavioural Modelling
4.7.1 Context Diagram
4.7.2 Data Flow Diagram
4.7.3 E-R Diagram
4.8 Main Modules Of New System
4.9 Selection Of Hardware & Software Justification

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Software Project Management Water Sales Management

4.1 STUDY OF CURRENT SYSTEM

The existing water sales management system utilizes manual, paper-based procedures for
tasks such as order processing, customer appointment scheduling, and sales record-keeping.
This approach is time-intensive and can result in inefficiencies, including inaccuracies in data
entry and extended wait times for customers. Customer information is often stored in physical
files, making it challenging to swiftly access and update records, which can lead to service
delays and potentially affect service quality.

Communication among the sales and administrative staff primarily relies on in-person
interactions or phone calls, which may result in miscommunication or delays in sharing
important customer information. Real-time access to data is limited, impacting the ability of
sales personnel to make prompt, informed decisions. The existing system lacks the capability
to integrate with inventory management, hindering the efficient management of product
stocks and orders.

4.2 PROBLEM & WEAKNESS OF CURRENT SYSTEM

The existing water sales management system confronts several significant challenges and
shortcomings that impede its overall effectiveness. One of the most prominent issues is
related to data inefficiencies, primarily stemming from manual data entry processes. This
leads to inaccuracies, redundant data, and administrative inefficiencies. These data
inconsistencies can result in errors in sales records, potentially affecting the quality of service.

Another critical weakness lies in the limited accessibility of customer information. With
records predominantly stored in physical formats, sales personnel face difficulties in
accessing and updating customer data in real-time. This can lead to delays in order processing
and hinder timely decision-making. Moreover, communication gaps within the system,
primarily reliant on face-to-face interactions or phone calls, can result in miscommunication
and slow the exchange of vital customer information, potentially affecting the quality of
service.

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Software Project Management Water Sales Management

Additionally, the current system lacks integration with inventory management, making the
tracking and management of product stocks and orders inefficient and prone to errors.
Furthermore, data security and privacy concerns arise due to the system's inability to meet
modern standards, potentially compromising customer information. To address these issues
and enhance the overall water sales management services, a comprehensive and efficient
solution is needed.

4.3 REQUIREMENTS OF NEW SYSTEM

 Effective Data Input: The system should allow for efficient and accurate data input,
reducing the need for manual data entry and minimizing errors.
 Real-Time Data Availability: Sales personnel must have real-time access to customer
records, enabling prompt decision-making and improving service quality.
 Integration with Inventory Management: The system should seamlessly integrate with
inventory management to streamline product tracking and order processing.
 Enhanced Communication: Improved communication features within the system, such as
messaging and notifications, should facilitate swift information exchange among the sales
team.
 Robust Data Security: Strong security measures must be in place to protect customer
information and ensure compliance with data privacy regulations.
 Efficient Order Scheduling: The system should provide efficient order scheduling to
reduce customer wait times and optimize resource allocation.
 Scalability: The new system should be adaptable to accommodate a growing customer
base and changing business needs in the context of water sales management.

4.4 REQUIREMENT VALIDATIONS

 Verification Procedure: Create a methodical process for verifying each requirement to

ensure it is clear and aligns with the project's objectives.
 Stakeholder Engagement: Involve end-users, subject matter experts, and project sponsors
in providing feedback and insights during requirement verification.

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 Traceability: Maintain traceability by linking each requirement to its source and ensuring
that all project components adhere to the defined requirements.
 Testing and Prototyping: Utilize testing, prototyping, or modeling techniques to
practically verify requirements, enabling adjustments and improvements.
 Acceptance Standards: Define clear acceptance criteria for each requirement to determine
successful fulfillment.
 Documentation: Thoroughly document the verification process, including any alterations
or refinements made to requirements.
 Change Management: Implement a structured process for handling requirement changes,
encompassing requests, reviews, approvals, and maintaining the integrity of the project
scope in the context of water sales management.

4.5 FUNCTION OF SYSTEM

4.5.1 USE CASE DIAGRAM

Fig 4.1 Use Case Diagram for Admin & User

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The use case diagram illustrates interactions within the Water Sales Management system. Key
actors involved are Sales Representative, Customer, and Inventory Manager, engaged in
actions such as Placing Orders, Accessing Account Information, and Managing Stock Levels.

4.6 DATA MODELING

4.6.1 CLASS DIAGRAM

Fig 4.2 Class Diagram

The class diagram illustrates the connection between four classes: “Order”, “Customer”,
“Admin”, “Product List”. “Order” represents the products that customers have ordered
“Customer” holds information about customers, “Admin” contains the login and logout
details of admin and “Product List” represents the list of product and their prices,
highlighting their interrelation within the system of water sales management.

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4.6.1 SYSTEM ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

Fig 4.3 System Activity Diagram

The system activity diagram offers a visual depiction of the workflow within the Water Sales
Management system. It illustrates activities such as "Customer Registration" and "Order
Scheduling." This diagram provides an overview of the system's functions and how various
processes interact with each other.

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4.6.1 DATA DICTIONARY

Entity Name: Order

Attribute Name Type Size Required
Order_ID Int 10 Y
Order_Amount Int 10 Y
Product_Name String 50 y
Entity Name: Customer
Attribute Name Type Size Required
Cus_Name String 50 Y
Cus_ID Int 10 Y
Cus_Address String 100 Y
Entity Name: Admin
Attribute Name Type Size Required
Admin_ID Int 10 Y
Admin_name String 50 Y
Entity Name: Product List
Attribute Name Type Size Required
Poduct_ID Int 10 Y
Product_Name String 50 Y
Product_Price Int 10 Y
Table 4.1 Data Dictionary

A data dictionary in the water sales management project serves as a centralized resource that
defines and describes data elements, their attributes, and their relationships. It ensures clarity
and consistency in data usage, facilitating effective communication and data management
within the project.

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4.7 FUNCTIONAL & BEHAVIOURAL MODELING

4.7.1 CONTEXT DIAGRAM

Fig 4.4 Context Diagram

The context diagram for the water sales management project illustrates interactions with the
system. It involves key factors such as Sales Representative, Customer, and Inventory
Manager, engaged in actions like Processing Orders, Accessing Customer Information,
Managing Inventory, and Handling Payments.

4.7.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

DFD LEVEL-0:

Fig 4.5 Level-0 Data Flow Diagram

The Level 0 Data Flow Diagram for the water sales management project represents
interactions with the system, involving key entities such as Sales Representative, Customer,
and Inventory Manager.

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DFD LEVEL-1:

Fig 4.6 Level-1 Data Flow Diagram

The Level 1 Data Flow Diagram for the water sales management project illustrates
interactions with various functions. It involves key entities such as Sales Representative,
Customer, and Inventory Manager, engaging in activities like Placing Orders, Accessing
Customer Data, and Managing Inventory. These activities are connected with databases like
Order Records and Product Inventory.

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4.7.3 E-R DIAGRAM

Fig 4.7 E-R Diagram

The ER diagram for the water sales management project depicts real-time relationships
between "Customers," "Sales Representatives," "Inventory Management," and the "Sales
System," effectively capturing the dynamic flow of data and interactions within the system.

4.9 MAIN MODULES OF NEW SYSTEM

 Register New Customer: This module allows the registration of new customers, capturing
their relevant information for inclusion in the system.

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 Access Customer Data: Users can efficiently access and retrieve customer information,
ensuring that sales representatives have access to accurate records.
 Place Orders: Sales personnel can create and place product orders on behalf of customers,
specifying the desired items and quantities.
 Fulfill Orders: This module facilitates the process of delivering ordered products to
customers, ensuring accurate and timely deliveries.
 Update Customer Details: Sales representatives can update customer records as needed,
reflecting changes in account information or order history within the water sales
management project.

4.9 SELECTION OF HARDWARE & SOFTWARE JUSTIFICATION

Hardware Selection:

 Server Setup: Sturdy server hardware plays a critical role in data storage and processing.
Utilizing high-capacity servers guarantees data availability and swift response times for
users in the context of the water sales management project.
 User Workstations: The selection of modern workstations with substantial processing
capabilities and memory ensures that sales personnel can efficiently access and update
customer records.
 Network Infrastructure: Dependable networking equipment, including routers and
switches, is essential to maintain continuous connectivity and seamless data exchange
between various system components.
 Storage Solutions: Opting for expandable and fail-safe storage solutions like SSDs and
network-attached storage (NAS) ensures data reliability and accessibility in the water
sales management project.

Software Selection:

 Operating System: Choose a secure and dependable operating system that complies with
data regulations relevant to water sales management, ensuring data security and system
stability.
 Database Management System (DBMS): Utilize a robust DBMS such as MySQL or
Oracle to efficiently store, retrieve, and manage customer records and sales data.

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 Application Software: Opt for software tailored to the specific needs of water sales
management or consider custom application development to provide essential
functionalities like customer data management and order processing.
 Web Servers: Implement trusted web server software like Apache or Nginx to host web-
based applications, ensuring secure and reliable access to the system.
 Development Tools: Use development tools and frameworks that expedite software
development and maintenance, facilitating regular updates and enhancements to the
system.
 Security Software: Deploy comprehensive security solutions, including antivirus and
firewall software, to safeguard customer data from threats and breaches.
 Backup and Recovery Software: Set up data backup and recovery solutions to protect
against data loss and reduce downtime in case of system failures in the water sales
management project.

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CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM DESIGN

5.1 Database Design

5.2 System Procedural Design
5.2.1 Flow Chart or Activity Design
5.3 Input/Output & Interface Design
5.3.1 Access Control & Security
5.3.2 State Transition Diagram
5.4 System Architecture Design

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5.1 DATABASE DESIGN

In the design strategy for the project, the primary objective is to translate data processing
needs into a computer program. The software design process focuses on documenting design
specifics derived from software requirements and specifications, with the aim of creating a
thorough, coherent, accurate, testable, and comprehensible output. It utilizes Functional
Specifications and system specifications as inputs and concludes once all the goals outlined
in the software requirement document have been achieved, tailored to the context of water
sales management.

Here is a list and description of database entities used within our system:

Entities:

 Customer Details: This entity stores extensive information about customers, including
their personal data, order history, contact information, and assigned sales representatives.
 Ordered Products: This entity records information regarding ordered products, including
product names, quantities, order dates, and customer associations, within the water sales
management project.

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5.2 SYSTEM PROCEDURAL DESIGN

5.2.1 FLOW CHART OR ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

Fig 5.1 Flow Chart

The flowchart provides a visual representation of the sequential procedures and decision-
making points within the water sales management project. It offers a clear, step-by-step guide
to the process, covering aspects such as customer registration, order updates, appointment
scheduling, and product management.

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5.3 INPUT/OUTPUT AND INTERFACE DESIGN

5.3.1 ACCESS CONTROL & SECURITY

 User Authentication: This feature confirms the identity of users through the validation of
their credentials, like username and password. Upon successful validation, users gain
authenticated access. For example, sales representatives can log into the system, but their
access may be limited to ensure proper authorization, preventing them from accessing
functions that require authorization, such as processing orders.
 User Authorization: This function regulates access by either granting or denying specific
permissions to authenticated users, ensuring that they can only access authorized
functions and data within the system. This involves assigning appropriate roles and
permissions to restrict actions like order processing to authorized personnel, tailored to
the context of the water sales management project.

5.3.2 STATE-TRANSITION DIAGRAM

Fig 5.2 State Transition Diagram for Customer

This diagram presents a State Transition Diagram for Customer, illustrating various states
during different activities. The diagram outlines specific states within its depiction.

Fig 5.3 State Transition Diagram for Saler

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This diagram presents a State Transition Diagram for Saler, illustrating various states during
different activities. The diagram outlines specific states within its depiction.

5.4 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE DESIGN

Fig 5.4 System Architecture for Customer

The system architecture design for the Customer module provides a comprehensive view of
the component's structure and interactions, like Add Orders, Manage Profile, View Products
Information.

Fig 5.5 System Architecture for Saler

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The system architecture design for the Saler module provides a comprehensive view of the
component's structure and interactions, like View Reports, Manage Customer, View Orders
Information.

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CHAPTER 6: LIMITATIONS & FUTURE

ENHANCEMENT

6.1 Limitations

6.2 Further Enhancement

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6.1 LIMITATIONS

 Data Accuracy: The system's precision relies on the quality of data input, and errors made
during data entry can affect the reliability of customer records in the context of water
sales management.
 Security Risks: Despite security measures, the system could still be susceptible to
vulnerabilities and potential breaches, necessitating continuous monitoring and updates.
 User Training: Staff involved in water sales management may need training to
proficiently operate the system, which could lead to an initial learning curve and potential
productivity challenges during the transition.
 Technical Constraints: The system's performance may be influenced by technical
limitations, such as network disruptions or server downtimes.
 Regulatory Changes: Evolving regulations related to water sales management may
demand system updates to ensure compliance, resulting in added costs and development
efforts.
 Scalability: The system's ability to handle a growing customer base might require
additional infrastructure or performance enhancements.
 Integration Challenges: Integrating the system with existing software and databases in the
water sales domain could pose challenges and potential issues with data transfer.

6.2 FURTHER ENHANCEMENT

 Water Quality Monitoring Integration: Integrate water quality monitoring capabilities to

facilitate remote water quality assessment and real-time data collection, enhancing water
quality control and reducing the need for on-site inspections.
 Mobile App Development: Develop a mobile application for customers to access water
quality reports, place orders, and receive alerts for improved engagement in water sales
management.
 AI-Enhanced Data Analysis: Implement artificial intelligence for data analysis to detect
trends in water quality, optimize resource allocation, and improve product delivery.
 IoT Devices: Connect IoT devices to the system for continuous monitoring of water
quality parameters, enabling proactive measures in response to any deviations.

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 Machine Learning for Quality Assessment: Incorporate machine learning algorithms for
quality assessment, using historical data to ensure high-quality water products.
 Customer Portal: Create a customer portal for secure communication between customers
and the water sales management team, allowing customers to place orders, inquire about
water quality, and access relevant information.
 Automated Order Processing: Implement automation for order processing and product
deliveries, reducing manual administrative tasks in water sales management.

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CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION
7.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the development of the Water Sales Management project signifies a significant
advancement in modernizing water distribution and sales management. This project
effectively addresses the need for efficient order processing and water quality control,
ensuring precision and accessibility in managing water-related data. By streamlining
processes such as order placement, water quality monitoring, customer communication, and
automated deliveries, the system enhances the quality of water sales management. While the
project has accomplished its primary goals, there is ample opportunity for continuous
improvements and adaptations to meet the evolving demands of the water sales industry. With
a commitment to ongoing enhancement and a focus on customer-centric service, the Water
Sales Management project serves as a valuable asset in the pursuit of optimized water sales
services.

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REFERENCES
1. The International Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities (funded by
the World Bank Group and the International Water Association with the support of other
development partners and stakeholders) promotes good benchmarking practices among
water and sanitation services. See International Benchmarking Network. https://www.ib-
net.org/.
2. International Water Association. “Benchmarking water Services: Guiding Water Utilities
to Excellence.”
3. Case studies or reports from water utilities, such as American Water, Veolia, Suez, and
Aqua America.
4. The World Bank’s Water Global Practice: www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water
5. Local, regional, and national Water regulations an+d policies.

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