MARKING SCHEME

Secondary School Examination, 2023

SCIENCE (Subject Code–086)
[ Paper Code:31/4/2]
Maximum Marks: 80
Q. No. Marks Total
EXPECTED ANSWER / VALUE POINTS
Marks
SECTION A
1. (c) 1 1
2. (c) 1 1
3. (b) 1 1
4. (d) 1 1
5. (b) 1 1
6. (b) 1 1
7. (c) 1 1
8. (d) 1 1
9. (a) 1 1
10. (c) 1 1
11. (b) 1 1
12. (b) 1 1
13. (d) 1 1
14. (b) 1 1
15. (c) 1 1
16. (c) 1 1
17. (b) 1 1
18. (c) 1 1
19. (d) 1 1
20. (a) 1 1
SECTION B
21 (i) It shields the surface of the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiations of 1
the Sun.
(ii) It was due to CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) which are used as 1
refrigerants/ fire extinguishers / aerosols. 2
22 (A) (i) Myopia / Short Sightedness ½
(ii) • Excessive curvature of eye lens ½
• Elongation of eye ball ½
(iii) Concave lens /Diverging Lens ½
OR
(B) • Size of particles in the atmosphere is smaller than the wavelength of 1
visible light, so they scatter light of shorter wavelengths i.e. blue.
• In space, there is no scattering of light due to absence of
particles. (no atmosphere) 1 2
23 • The plant kept in dark is unable to carry out photosynthesis and 1
due to absence of oxygen it cannot respire.
• But the plant kept in light is able to photosynthesize converting 1
CO2 into oxygen which it can use for respiration. 2
24 • The bile juice makes the food alkaline so that pancreatic enzymes can act 1

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 on it.
• It breaks down large globules of fat into smaller globules / Emulsification 1 2
of fat takes place.
25 • Adrenaline ½
• Three responses:-
(1) It increases the heartbeat.
(2) Blood to the digestive system is reduced.
(3) Breathing rate increases .
(4) Blood to the skin reduced. (Any three points) ½×3 2
26 (A) (i) • Copper (II) chloride / Copper chloride / Cupric ½
chloride / CuCl2
• colour- blue-green. ½
(ii) CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O 1
OR
(B) X : Sodium Chloride / NaCl ½
Y : Hydrogen /H2 ½
Z : Chlorine / Cl2 ½
B : Bleaching powder / CaOCl2 ½ 2
SECTION C
27 •
Biodegradable Non-biodegradable
Biodegradable wastes can be Non-biodegradable wastes 1
broken down by biological cannot be broken down by
processes. biological processes.

• Impact of accumulated biodegradable wastes:

(i) Foul smell ½
(ii) Breeding place for carriers of diseases (or any other) ½
• Impact of accumulated non-biodegradable wastes:
(i) Biological Magnification ½
(ii) Affect soil fertility. (or any other) ½ 3
28 (A) (i) Alternating current can be transmitted over long distances 1
without much loss of electric energy.
(ii) Household supply – Alternating current (AC) ½
Battery of Dry cell – Direct current (DC) ½
(iii) It melts and breaks the circuit when a current of higher value than
its rating flows through it. 1

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 OR
(B) •

[Deduct ½ mark if direction of current or magnetic field is not marked]

• Maximum at A ½
Magnetic field lines are crowded. /
Magnetic field adds up due to ‘n’ number of turns of a solenoid. ½
• Minimum at B ½
Magnetic field lines are far apart. ½ 3
29
Concave lens Convex lens
• Diminished image / m<1 • Magnified image / m>1 ½
• v<u/ •v>u/
image distance < object distance image distance > object distance ½

• Myopia / Short Sightedness

– diverging lens / concave lens ½
– brings image back to retina ½
• Hypermetropia / Far Sightedness
– converging lens / convex lens ½
– brings image back to retina ½
3
30 (A) (i) Convex lens / Converging lens 1

(ii) Power, P = +2D

1
𝑓(𝑚) = 𝑃 ½
1
f= = 0·5 m = 50cm ½
2
u = -100cm

1 1 1 ½
= -
f v u
1 1 1 1 1 1
= + = - =
v f u 50 100 100
v = 100 cm = 1 m ½

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 Alternate answer only for image distance
Since object is at 2f, image will be formed at 2f. Therefore, image distance
is 100 cm.
as f= 50 cm, u=1m or 100 cm = 2f
u=v=1m
OR
(B) (i) It is a point on the principal axis of a diverging lens from where the 1
rays parallel to principal axis appear to diverge.
(ii) The distance between the optical centre and the principal focus of the
lens. 1

31 (A) (i) Food enters through a specific spot with the help of movement of
cilia. 1
(ii)
(a) Creates an acidic medium which facilitates the action of enzyme / ½
kills microorganisms ingested with the food.
(b) Digestion of proteins ½
(c) Mixing the food thoroughly with digestive juices. / pushes food
forward by peristalsis. ½
(d) Conversion of starch into sugar ½

OR

(B) (i) Blood goes through the heart twice during each cycle. 1
(ii) • To prevent oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing for
efficient supply of oxygen to the body. 1
• It helps birds and mammals who have high energy needs and
constantly use energy to maintain their body temperature. 1 3
32 (i) Acidified water has more ions than pure water. 1
H O
(ii) KOH (s) ⎯⎯2⎯→ K+ (aq) + OH-(aq) 1
(iii) The process is highly exothermic / may cause excessive heating /heat is
released and may cause harm / mixture may splash out 1
3
33 (i) • To increase the conductivity of water ½
• Hydrogen – cathode Oxygen – anode ½, ½
• Anode : Cathode
1: 2
/Volume of hydrogen liberated at cathode is twice that of oxygen ½
liberated at anode.

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 (ii) • White silver chloride turns grey ½
• Decomposition reaction / Photolytic Decomposition ½
3
SECTION D
34 (i) Current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the
potential difference. / V I / IV 1

(Any one diagram)

(ii)Since ammeter is connected in series, it should not increase the 1
resistance of the circuit. / should allow maximum current to flow
through the circuit.
(iii) • Series combination - Graph A ½
Less slope and more resistance ½
• Parallel combination - Graph B ½
More slope and less resistance ½
5
35 (i) The two modes of asexual reproduction observed in hydra are:
• Budding: A bud develops as an outgrowth. These buds develop into ½,1
tiny individuals. When fully matured it detaches from the parent
body and become new independent individual.
• Regeneration: Hydra can be cut into any number of pieces and each ½,1
piece grows into a complete organism.
(ii)• Definition: When any vegetative part of plants like root, stem or leaf is 1
used to grow new plants.
• Advantages: -
1. Plants can bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced from
seeds.
2. It enables the propagation of plants such as banana, orange, rose
and jasmine which have lost the capacity to produce seeds. ½, ½
3. The plants produced are genetically similar enough to the parent
plant to have all the characteristics.
(Any two) 5
36 (A) (i) Covalent compounds do not have free ions / electrons 1

(ii) • It does not form C4+ cation, as the removal of four valence
electrons will require a huge amount of energy. 1
• Carbon does not form C4- anion as the nucleus with six protons
1
will not be able to hold ten electrons due to its small size.

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 (iii)

(iv) (a) Oxygen / O ½

(b) Chlorine / Cl ½

OR
(B) (i) • The molecules of soap are Sodium or potassium salts of long chain
1
carboxylic acids / RCOO-Na+ .

• The ionic end of soap interacts with water while the carbon chain
interacts with oily dirt. The soap molecules thus form structures
called micelles where one end of the molecule is towards the oil
droplet while the ionic end faces outside. This forms an emulsion
2
in water. The soap micelles thus helps in pulling out dirt in water
and we can wash our clothes clean.

(ii) Detergents do not form insoluble precipitates (scum) with calcium and
1 5
magnesium ions present in hard water.
SECTION E
37 (i) Refractive index of diamond =
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑚 ½
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑑

3  10 8 m / s ½
Speed of light in diamond = = 1·23  108 m/s
2  42
(ii) r in carbon disulphide < r in glass <r in water 1

(iii) (A)
(a) • Glass ½
• The speed of light in water is more than the speed of light in glass. /
½
Refractive index of glass is more than the refractive index of water.
(b) Light will enter from water to glass without bending (undeviated /
straight) because in this case ∠i = 0 ; ∠r = 0. 1
OR
(iii) (B)
3
nglass = 2

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 4
nwater =
3

vglass = 2 × 108 𝑚/𝑠

𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑚(𝑐)

nglass = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠(𝑣𝑔 )

c = nglass  vglass
3 8
= 2 × 2 × 10 𝑚/𝑠
= 3 × 108 𝑚/𝑠 1

𝑐 3×108 𝑚/𝑠
vwater = 𝑛 = 4
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
3

9
= 4 ×108 m/s or 2.25  108 m/s 1
4
38 (i) Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, 1
which combines to the characters of both parents and cause variation.
(ii)
F1 generation F2 generation
• In F1 generation only the • In F2 generation both
dominant traits are expressed. dominant and recessive traits
are expressed.

• It refers to the offspring/ plants • It refers to the

resulting immediately from a cross offspring/plants resulting from
between the first set of parents. a cross among the plants of F1
1
generation.

[Any one]
(iii) (A) Because if a niche of population of organisms is altered, the whole
population could be wiped out. However, if variation is present in this
2
population they have some chance of survival.

[Alternate answer]
If there is a population of bacteria living in temperate waters and if water
temperature were to be increased by global warming, most of the bacteria
would die, but a few variants resistant to heat would survive and grow
further. Thus, variations are useful for survival of species over time.

OR
(iii) (B) • Wrinkled, yellow ½
Round, green ½
• If two or more traits are involved, their genes are independently inherited
irrespective of the combination present in parents. 1
4

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39 (i)

(ii)
• They are hard solids
• They are soluble in water
• They conduct electricity in aqueous solution or molten state ½, ½
[Any other]
[Any two]
(iii) (A) • Sodium atom has one electron in its outermost shell 1
• It attains its nearest noble gas configuration by losing this electron
1
forming Na+ ion / 𝐍𝐚 → 𝐍𝐚+ + 𝐞−
2,8,1 2,8
stable
OR
(iii) (B) (i) Because movement of ions in the solid is not possible due to 1
their rigid structure.
(ii) H2 gas is liberated at cathode. 1 4

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