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Lab Report (Week 3)

The document describes an experiment to determine the Young's modulus of steel. A steel wire of known length and diameter was hung from the ceiling and weights of increasing mass were attached. This caused the wire to stretch downward different distances that were measured. The results were plotted and fitted to a linear equation to calculate the slope, which relates to Young's modulus. Some data points did not fit the line and were excluded. The final calculated Young's modulus for steel is (2.09±0.03)×1011 N/m2.

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Sonia Baci
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618 views6 pages

Lab Report (Week 3)

The document describes an experiment to determine the Young's modulus of steel. A steel wire of known length and diameter was hung from the ceiling and weights of increasing mass were attached. This caused the wire to stretch downward different distances that were measured. The results were plotted and fitted to a linear equation to calculate the slope, which relates to Young's modulus. Some data points did not fit the line and were excluded. The final calculated Young's modulus for steel is (2.09±0.03)×1011 N/m2.

Uploaded by

Sonia Baci
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DeterminingtheYoung'sModulusofSteel

SoniaBaci SchoolofPhysicsandAstronomy TheUniversityofManchester FirstYearLaboratoryReport Oct2009

Abstract: Young'smodulusforsteelwasdeterminedbyusingasteelwirehungtoabeam attachedtothelaboratoryceiling.Aseriesofweightswithincreasingmasswere attachedtothewire,causingittostretchdownwards.Thefinalresultis: 2.090.03 10 11 N / m 2 .Theaccuracyislimitedbythemeasurementsofthe diameterandlengthofthewire.

Introduction: Young'smodulus(E)isameasureofthestiffnessofanelasticmaterial.Itisalso knownastheYoungmodulus,modulusofelasticityorelasticmodulus.Itisdefinedas theratiooftheuniaxialstressovertheuniaxialstrainintherangeofstressinwhich Hooke'sLaw( L=


F L whereListhelengthoftherodandAisthecross EA

sectionalareaoftherodthatistensionedbyaforceF)holds.Thiscanbeexperimentally determinedbyhangingdifferentweightstotherod. Descriptionoftheexperiment: TodeterminetheYoung'sModulusforsteel,weuseasteelwireoflength1mand adiameterof0.30mmwithanuncertaintyof0.005mm.Wehangthewirebyabeam attachedtotheceilingofthelaboratoryandthenattachtothewireaseriesofweights. Eachtime,thedistancefromthefloortotheweightismeasured. Dataobtainedinthe measurementofYoung's Modulus Mas s (kg) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 Distance(mm)

9.70 9.26 8.96 8.64 8.38 8.00 7.62 7.36 7.04 6.60 6.00 5.22

Whenaloadof6.5kgwasattached,itbrokethewire. First,wecalculatethelinearfittocheckifthereareanyincompatibledata. <w><wxy><wx><wy> Usingtheformulas m= and <w><w x 2 ><wx><wx> <wy><w x 2 ><wxy><wx> c= weobtaintheequationforthelinearfit, 2 <w><w x ><wx><wx> y=mx+c,whereyisthedistanceandxisthemassoftheload.

2
Plot 2: mass vs. distance 11 data 2 linear

10

9 Distance(mm)

Wenoticethatthelasttwo datadonotfittoourline,which meanstheyneedtobeexcluded fromthemeasurementsusedto calculatetheYoung'smodulus.

3 Mass(kg)

6 Plot3 mass vs. distance 10 9.5 9 data 2 linear

distance(mm)

Thefinalresultfortheslopeandthe interceptism=0.665andc=9.985

8.5 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 5.5 0 1 2 3 mass(kg) 4 5 6

Toquantifyhowgoodisthefit,Chisquared X 2 iscalculatedusingthenext

formula: X = i 1 i
2

Chisquared X 2 fordifferentnumberofmeasurements Numberofmeasurements 10 9 Chisquared X 2 15.359 13.153

8 3

11.706

Onlythelastvalueforchisquarediscompatiblewiththeruleofthumb, 2 0.5 X / v2 ,where v=N p ;Nisthenumberofmeasurementswhilepisthe numberofparameters(inthiscase,p=2). Young'smodulus: First,weneedtodetermine L usingthefollowingmethod:


m 1g=k L 1 ; m2g=k L 2
F=k L

k=

Wecannowcalculatetheconstantk,usingthefirsttwodataofthefirsttableand knowingthat L1 L 2 =d 1d 2 where d 1 and d 2 arethedistancescalculatedfrom m g thefloortotheweights.Therefore, k =11.136 N / m and Li = i k ThedateusedtodetermineYoung'smodulusislistedinthetablebelow: Mass (kg) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
L (m)

gm1 m2 L 1 L 2

0.000285 0.000725 0.001025 0.001345 0.001605 0.001985 0.002365 0.002625 0.002945 0.003385

L=m 'M c ' ,wherem'andc'aretheslopeandinterceptofthelinearfit,M

representsthemass.

Also, L=FL / AE whichcanbewrittenas L=

gL m AE

=> m ' =gL / AE => E=gL /m ' A m'iscalculatedusingthesameformulaasforthepreviouslinearfitandweobtain m'=0.00067,therefore E=2.09 10 11 Fortheuncertaintywecalculatetheuncertaintyoftheslope 1 1 N 2 2 andtocalculatetheuncertaintyforEweusetheformulaof m' = 2 < x ><x><x>

thepropagationoferrorswithmultipleparameters:

E =E 2[ A / A2 m /' m' 2 ]
Theresultoftheuncertaintyis E =0.0310 11 N / m2 Finalresult: E=2.090.03 1011 N / m 2

References: www.wikipedia.org MATLAB,Version7

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