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CIE 112 - Lesson 1314

This document covers the fundamentals of area measurement in surveying, detailing various methods such as division into simple figures, offsets from straight lines, coordinates, and double-meridian distances. It includes objectives for learning these methods and provides example problems for calculating area and error of closure in a closed traverse. Additionally, it introduces the concept of missing data in traverses and how to compute omitted measurements.

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9 views25 pages

CIE 112 - Lesson 1314

This document covers the fundamentals of area measurement in surveying, detailing various methods such as division into simple figures, offsets from straight lines, coordinates, and double-meridian distances. It includes objectives for learning these methods and provides example problems for calculating area and error of closure in a closed traverse. Additionally, it introduces the concept of missing data in traverses and how to compute omitted measurements.

Uploaded by

maxartiza14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIE 112

FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING

LESSON 13: AREA MEASUREMENT


OBJECTIVES

1. List the different methods of measuring


area; and
2. Apply these methods in area
computation of a closed traverse.

Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/386676317989542894/
INTRODUCTION
• There are a number of important reasons for determining areas.
o One is to include the acreage of a parcel of land in the deed describing the property.
o Other purposes are to determine the acreage of fields, lakes, etc., or the number of square yards
to be surfaced, paved, seeded, or sodded.
o Another important application is determining end areas for earthwork volume calculations.
Methods of Measuring Area

1. Division of the tract into simple figures


2. Offset from a straight line
3. Coordinates
4. Double-meridian distances
1. Area by Division into Simple Figures
• A tract can usually be divided
into simple geometric figures
such as triangles, rectangles, or
trapezoids.
• The sides and angles of these
figures can be observed in the
field and their individual areas
calculated and totaled.
2. Area by Offsets from Straight Lines
• Irregular tracts can be reduced to a series of trapezoid by
observing right-angle offsets from points along a reference line.
• The reference line is usually marked by stationing and positions
where offsets are observed are given by their stations and
pluses.
• The spacing between offsets may be either regular or irregular,
depending on the conditions.
2. Area by Offsets from Straight Lines
a. Regularly Spaced Offsets
2. Area by Offsets from Straight Lines
b. Irregularly Spaced Offsets
3. Area by Coordinates
• In this method, coordinates of each angle point in the figure must be known.
3. Area by Coordinates
• In this method, coordinates of each angle point in the figure must be known.
4. Area by Double-Meridian Distance Method
• Requires balanced departures and latitudes
of the tract’s boundary lines, which are
normally obtained in traverse computations
• Area by Double Parallel Distance (DPD) is
similar to the Double-Meridian Distance
method; it use latitudes of the successive
courses instead of the departures.
Example Problem :
A parcel of land has been surveyed in the field and the lengths and
bearings of the various sides are shown (use compass rule).
DISTANCE
LINES BEARING
(m)

1-2 187.565 S 80° 59' 53.48" E


2-3 80.650 S 43° 0' 20.32" E
3-4 125.065 S 47° 43' 51.55" W
4-5 180.895 N 80° 19' 13.27" W
5-1 142.856 N 13° 49' 51.01" E

a) Compute the error of closure for the traverse shown.


b) What is the precision of linear measurement of this traverse?
c) What is the total area included within the traverse in acres.
d) What is the total area included within the traverse in acres using area by coordinates. (XA= 1000, YA= 500)
Example Problem :
A parcel of land has been surveyed in the field and the lengths and
bearings of the various sides are shown.

DISTANCE DEPARTURE LATITUDE


LINES BEARING
(m) (m) (m)

1-2 187.565 S 80° 59' 53.48" E 185.255 -29.347


2-3 80.650 S 43° 0' 20.32" E 55.009 -58.978
3-4 125.065 S 47° 43' 51.55" W -92.547 -84.120
4-5 180.895 N 80° 19' 13.27" W -178.320 30.416
5-1 142.856 N 13° 49' 51.01" E 34.151 138.714
TOTAL 717.031 3.548 -3.315
Example Problem :
A parcel of land has been surveyed in the field and the lengths and
bearings of the various sides are shown.
DISTANCE DEPARTURE LATITUDE
LINES BEARING
(m) (m) (m)
Linear Misclosure = (3.548)2 + (−3.315)2
1-2 187.565 S 80° 59' 53.48" E 185.255 -29.347
2-3 80.650 S 43° 0' 20.32" E 55.009 -58.978
3-4 125.065 S 47° 43' 51.55" W -92.547 -84.120 = 4.85567 m
4-5 180.895 N 80° 19' 13.27" W -178.320 30.416
5-1 142.856 N 13° 49' 51.01" E 34.151 138.714
TOTAL 717.031 3.548 -3.315

4.85567
Relative Precision =
717.031
1
=
148
Example Problem :
A parcel of land has been surveyed in the field and the lengths and
bearings of the various sides are shown.
c) What is the total area included within the traverse in acres.

31672.539
Total Area = = 7.826 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
4047
Example Problem :
A parcel of land has been surveyed in the field and the lengths and
bearings of the various sides are shown.
d) What is the total area included within the traverse in acres using area by coordinates. (X= 1000, Y= 500)
ADJUSTED COORDINATES
POINT 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 1000 𝑥𝑥 471.520 + 1184.327 𝑥𝑥 412.915
DEP (m) LAT (m) X Y +( 1238.937 x 329.373) + (1145.771 x 360.625) +
1 1000 500 (966.556 x 500) – (500 x 1184.327) – (471.520 x
184.327 -28.480 1238.937) – (412.915 x 1145.771) – (329.373 x
2 1184.327 471.520 966.556) – (360.625 x 1000)
54.610 -58.605
3 1238.937 412.915
-93.166 -83.542 𝑨𝑨 = 31, 672.555 𝑚𝑚2
4 1145.771 329.373
-179.215 31.252
31672.555
5 966.556 360.625 Total Area = = 7.826 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
33.444 139.374 4047
1000 500
END OF LESSON 13

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CIE 112
FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING

LESSON 14: MISSING DATA


OBJECTIVES

1. Calculate the omitted measurement or missing


data; and
2. Calculate the area of closed traverse.

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INTRODUCTION
• In a closed traverse if lengths and bearings of all lines could not be measured due to
certain reasons and circumstances, the omitted or the missing measurements can be
computed.
• These missing measurements is what we call missing data .
Sample Problem:
From the given closed traversed shown.
Sample Problem:
From the given closed traversed shown.
Sample Problem:
From the given closed traversed shown.
Sample Problem:
From the given closed traversed shown.
END OF LESSON 14

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