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Medical Imaging System (2024 Fall) - Exercise 5 Instructions/Questions Due: 11:59 PM, Nov 30 (Sat), 2024 (By E3)

The document provides instructions for Exercise 5 in a Medical Imaging System course, focusing on analyzing X-ray projection imaging geometry. It includes tasks such as deriving analytic expressions for line integrals and plotting normalized X-ray intensity, as well as computing lateral and vertical projections of an object. The exercise emphasizes understanding the effects of X-ray attenuation on image representation and how to obtain projections at various angles.

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4 views5 pages

Medical Imaging System (2024 Fall) - Exercise 5 Instructions/Questions Due: 11:59 PM, Nov 30 (Sat), 2024 (By E3)

The document provides instructions for Exercise 5 in a Medical Imaging System course, focusing on analyzing X-ray projection imaging geometry. It includes tasks such as deriving analytic expressions for line integrals and plotting normalized X-ray intensity, as well as computing lateral and vertical projections of an object. The exercise emphasizes understanding the effects of X-ray attenuation on image representation and how to obtain projections at various angles.

Uploaded by

jolin20001023
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Medical Imaging System (2024 fall) - Exercise 5 Instructions/Questions

Due: 11:59 pm, Nov 30 (Sat), 2024 (By E3)

In the first part of this assignment, you will analyze the X-ray projection imaging geometry
shown below.

Model the source as a point source and the detector plane as a line – i.e., 2-D geometry. Note that
the distance between the source and the detector plane is 160 mm. Between the source and the
detector there is a single absorbing object with uniform X-ray attenuation coefficient of 1 cm-1
over a circular disk 20 mm in diameter. The center (i.e., origin) of the disk is place exactly half
way (i.e., 80 mm) between the source and detector.

Figure 1:
Plot line integral between the source and every position along the detector plane – the program
will supply the results once you provide the correct analytic expression.

QUESTION 1: Derive an analytic expression for the line integral of the X-Ray attenuation
coefficient between the source and every position (xd) in the detector plane (line). Ignore all
inclination factors and any other variables other than the attenuation coefficient in the disk.
Assume the attenuation coefficient everywhere outside of the disk is zero. Also, derive an
analytic expression for the break points in the detection plane.
On the next page, provide the analytic derivation. In the MATLAB script provided with this
exercise, add code in two places to use the expressions for the break points and the line integral
of the attenuation coefficient to produce the plot in Figure 1. Briefly discuss (1-2 sentences) why
Figure 1 makes sense given the analytic expressions derived for this problem.

1
Fig.1 Line integral along the detector plane

The maximum value of the line integral occurs at the center of the disk (position 0 on the
detector), where the X-ray path length through the disk is longest (equal to the disk's diameter).
The line integral smoothly decreases as the detector position moves away from the center (i.e., as
the path length through the disk decreases) and becomes zero when the detector position is
outside the disk's boundaries.

2
Figure 2:
Plot the normalized X-Ray intensity along the detector plane given the line integral expression
for Figure 1 – the program will supply the results once you provide the correct expression
for the intensity given the line integral function.
QUESTION 2: Using the line_integral function defined above, plot the normalized (i.e.,
normalized to the intensity in the absence of the attenuating disk) X-ray intensity at the detector
plane for this case. Again, ignore all obliquity factors. Does the resultant 1-D image make the
disk look smaller or larger than reality? Explain your answer.

𝐼(𝑥) = 𝐼0 𝑒 −𝐿(𝑥)
𝐼0 = 1 (intensity without attenuation)
The resultant 1-D image makes the disk appear smaller than reality. This is because the
attenuation is highest at the center, and the intensity decays exponentially, creating a steep
gradient near the disk's edge. This causes the disk's boundary to appear sharper and smaller in the
intensity plot.

3
Figure 3:
Display an image of the attenuation coefficient of a 2-D object to be imaged with projection
imaging – brighter objects have higher attenuation coefficient - the program will supply the
result.

Figure 4:
Compute the lateral projection of the object and plot. The program will supply the final plot
once code has been added to compute the lateral projection.

Figure 5:
Compute the vertical projection of the object and plot. The program will supply the final plot
once code has been added to compute the lateral projection.

4
QUESTION 3: Compute the line integrals through the two objects for lateral and vertical
projections. Compare the results of these two projections given the original image of the object
in Figure 3. Explain these projections and what they tell us about the object. Could you know
how to obtain the ±45-degree projections?
Line integrals equal to attenuation coefficient times absorbing distance, so we can do summation
from the one direction of 2D object to obtain the line integrals of lateral or vertical projection.

Lateral Projection: Summing the attenuation coefficients along rows (horizontal direction)
The lateral projection reflects the total attenuation across horizontal slices of the object,
highlighting width.

Vertical Projection: Summing the attenuation coefficients along columns (vertical direction)
The vertical projection shows attenuation across vertical slices, highlighting height.

There are two ways to obtain projections at ±45-degree


1. the 2D object can be rotated by ±45-degree before computing projections.
2. line integrals can be computed diagonally.

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