Commonly Used Java Functions & Real-Life Application Problems
1. Commonly Used Java Functions
toString()
Converts an object to a string representation.
Integer num = 10;
System.out.println(num.toString()); // Output: "10"
length()
Returns the length of a string or array.
String text = "Hello";
System.out.println(text.length()); // Output: 5
charAt(index)
Returns the character at a given index.
String word = "Java";
System.out.println(word.charAt(2)); // Output: "v"
substring(start, end)
Extracts part of a string.
String text = "Programming";
System.out.println(text.substring(3, 7)); // Output: "gram"
equals()
Compares two strings for equality.
String str1 = "Hello";
String str2 = "hello";
System.out.println(str1.equals(str2)); // Output: false
equalsIgnoreCase()
Compares two strings, ignoring case differences.
System.out.println(str1.equalsIgnoreCase(str2)); // Output: true
toUpperCase() / toLowerCase()
Converts a string to uppercase or lowercase.
System.out.println(str1.toUpperCase()); // Output: "HELLO"
replace(oldChar, newChar)
Replaces characters in a string.
String sentence = "I like Java";
System.out.println(sentence.replace("Java", "Python")); // Output: "I like Python"
trim()
Removes leading and trailing spaces.
String spacedText = " Hello World ";
System.out.println(spacedText.trim()); // Output: "Hello World"
split(delimiter)
Splits a string into an array based on a delimiter.
String csv = "apple,banana,grape";
String[] fruits = csv.split(",");
System.out.println(fruits[1]); // Output: "banana"
parseInt() / parseDouble()
Converts a string into an integer or double.
String number = "123";
int num = Integer.parseInt(number);
System.out.println(num * 2); // Output: 246
Math.max(a, b) / Math.min(a, b)
Finds the maximum or minimum of two numbers.
System.out.println(Math.max(10, 20)); // Output: 20
Math.pow(base, exponent)
Raises a number to a power.
System.out.println(Math.pow(2, 3)); // Output: 8.0
Math.random()
Generates a random number between 0.0 and 1.0.
System.out.println(Math.random());
2. Real-Life Application Problems
Password Strength Checker
A program that checks if a password meets these criteria:
- At least 8 characters long
- Contains an uppercase letter, a lowercase letter, a digit, and a special character (@, #, $,
%, &).
import java.util.Scanner;
public class PasswordStrengthChecker {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a password: ");
String password = scanner.nextLine().trim();
if (isStrongPassword(password)) {
System.out.println("Your password is strong.");
} else {
System.out.println("Weak password! Follow the rules.");
}
}
public static boolean isStrongPassword(String password) {
if (password.length() < 8) return false;
boolean hasUpper = false, hasLower = false, hasDigit = false, hasSpecial = false;
String specialCharacters = "@#$%&";
for (int i = 0; i < password.length(); i++) {
char ch = password.charAt(i);
if (Character.isUpperCase(ch)) hasUpper = true;
if (Character.isLowerCase(ch)) hasLower = true;
if (Character.isDigit(ch)) hasDigit = true;
if (specialCharacters.contains(String.valueOf(ch))) hasSpecial = true;
}
return hasUpper && hasLower && hasDigit && hasSpecial;
}
}
