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 1.THE LIVING WORLD

1. Biosystematics aims at
a) The classification of organism based on their evolutionary history and establishing their phylogeny on
the totality of various parameters from all fields of studies
b) Identification and arrangements of organism on the basis of their cytological characteristics
c) The classification of organisms based on broad morphological characters
d) Delimiting various taxa of organisms and establishing their relationships
2. Phenetic classification of organism is based on
a) Observable characteristics of existing organisms
b) The ancestral lineage of existing organism
c) Dendrogram based on DNA characteristics
d) Sexual characteristics
3. …A… is a collection of pressed, dried and preserved plants …B… labelled arranged systematically for
further reference
A and B in the above statement refers to
a) A-Herbarium; B- b) A-herbarium; B- c) A-Museum; B-mounted d) A-Garden; B-mounted
mounted on thin film mounted on a paper on a iron sheet on a paper sheet
sheet
4. Arrange the following in the ascending order of Linnaean hierarchy.
a) Kingdom-Order-Species-Genus-Class-Family-Phylum
b) Kingdom-Family-Genus-Species-Class-Phylum-Order
c) Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species
d) Species-Genus-Family-Order-Class-Phylum-Kingdom
5. Where was the first herbarium set up?
a) London in Great Britain b) Pisa in Italy
c) New York in USA d) Tokyo in Japan
6. Animal of the same phylum are grouped below. Choose the incorrect group from given below option
a) Shark, snake, whale, reptiles
b) Insect, spider, shrimp
c) Snail, squid, slug
d) Earthworm, millipede, leech
7. Systematic botany means
a) System analysis b) Systematic arrangement of organs of plants
c) Systematic study of organelles and tissues d) Methodical study of plants, dealing with
identification, naming and classificartion
8. What is the symbol of Bombay Natural History Society?
a) Kingfisher b) Eagle c) Hornbill d) Hawaiin Goose
9. Which is called ‘sexual system’ of classification?
a) Bentham and Hooker b) Tippos c) Linnaeus d) Takhtajan
10. Identify from the following the only taxonomic category that has a real existence.
a) Genus b) Species c) Phylum d) Kingdom
11. Process of metabolism leads to
a) Growth b) Development
c) Functions of living body d) All of these
12. Which of the following taxonomic ranks contain organism most similar to one another?
a) Class b) Genus c) Family d) Species
13. Which is first step in taxonomy?
 a) Description of the organism
b) Identification of the organism
c) Nomenclature of the organism
d) Classification of the organism
14. What is the prime source of taxonomic studies?
a) Collection of actual specimens of organisms species
b) Identification of actual specimen of organism species
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of the above
15. … is a book (taxonomic acid) which contain information about habitat, distribution, climate description
and index of plant found in a particular area
a) Manual b) Flora c) Monograph d) Key
16. In hierarchial classification, class occupied a place between
a) Kingdom and phylum b) Order and family c) Phylum and order d) Family and genus
17. Select the correct option from the following
a) Mule can reproduce
b) Worker bee undergoes reproduction to generate new progeny
c) Mule and worker bee do not reproduce
d) None of the above
18. Why hierarchiral taxonomic system is used?
a) As each higher taxonomic category contains its below groups groups/categories
b) It is helpful to established classifications
c) All taxonomic categories reflect common habitats
d) Taxonomic group shows similar characters and have no evolutionary relationship
19. Biological organization in living state is at
a) Sub-microscopic level b) Atomic level c) Cellular level d) Mixture level
20. Arrange the following in ascending similar characteristic
I. Family II. Genus III. Class IV. Species
a) Class < Family < Genus < Species b) Family < Class < Genus < Species
c) Species < Genus < Family < Class d) Class < Genus < Species < Family
21. Among the following choose the properties shown by the living organism exclusively?
I. growth
II. increase in mass
III. self-replication ability
IV. response to touch stimuli
a) I and II b) I, II and III c) I, III and IV d) I, II, III and IV
22. Which one of the following feature is shared by all living organism at all hierarchial level
a) Mode of nutrition
b) Cellular organization
c) Nature of protoplasmic-composition
d) Growth by cell division
23. …A… is a collection of pressed, dried and preserved plants …B… labelled arranged systematically for
further reference
A and B in the above statement refers to
a) A-Herbarium; B-mounted on thin film
b) A-herbarium; B-mounted on a paper sheet
c) A-Museum; B-mounted on a iron sheet
d) A-Garden; B-mounted on a paper sheet
24. By which chemical specimen for herbaria are treated to prevent fungal attack
a) 0.1% mercuric chloride
b) 0.1% mercurous chloride
 c) Carbon disulphide
d) Acetic acid
25. Who proposed binomial system of nomenclature?
a) Candolle b) Linnaeus c) Bentham d) Hutchinson
26. Term ‘Taxonomy’ was coined by
a) De Candolle b) Takhtajan c) Linnaeus d) Aristotle
27. A group of interconnected genera is called a
a) Family b) Class c) Phylum d) Order
28. True regeneration is found in
a) Amoeba b) Hydra c) Planaria d) Bacteria
29. Select true statement from the following and choose the right answer from the option given below
I. Human’s scientific name is 𝐻𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑠𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑠
II. 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑚 is written by John Ray
III. Highest taxonomic categories is division
IV. Taxonomic group of any rank is taxon
V. A group of closely related species of organism represent genus
VI. The term ‘systematic’ was coined by de Candolle
a) II, III, IV and VI b) I, III, V and VI c) I, IV and V d) II, III and VI
30. Third name in trinomial nomenclature indicate
a) Species
b) Sub-species
c) Sub-genus
d) Ecotype of organism
31. Who first proved that virus was made up of a nucleic acid and protein?
a) Griffith b) WM Stanley
c) Dr Salvador Huria and Dr Max Delbruk d) Dr NW Pjrie and Dr FC Bawden
32. The suffix ‘phyta’ indicates
a) Family b) Class c) Order d) Division
33. The genus 𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑠 includes
a) Tiger b) Fish c) Cat d) Frog
34. Who proposed binomial system of nomenclature?
a) Candolle b) Linnaeus c) Bentham d) Hutchinson
35. Where was the first herbarium set up?
a) London in Great Britain
b) Pisa in Italy
c) New York in USA
d) Tokyo in Japan
36. A group of organisms with similar trait of any rank is
a) Taxon b) Family c) Genus d) Species
37. Term ‘New Systematic’ was given by
a) Julian Huxley b) Bateson c) Linnaeus d) Darwin
38. A genus with a single species is called
a) Typical b) Polytype c) Monotype d) Syntype
39. MABP stands for
a) Man and Biosphere Programme
b) Man and Biosphere Protection
c) Man and Biosphere Conservation and Protection
d) All of the above
40. Which of the following is correctly sequenced?
a) Phylum, class, order, family b) Phylum, order, class, genus
c) Phylum, class, family, order d) Phylum, order, family, class
41. A germplasm is a
a) Collection of seeds or plants consists diverse b) Collection of specimens of all the species of
alleles of all genes in a crop botanical garden
c) Collection of hybrid varieties of plants d) Seed or pollar collection of threatened species of a
group
42. Species is considered as
a) Largest taxon of taxonomy/classification
b) Key of taxonomy/classification
c) Smallest taxon of faxonomy/classification
d) Both small and largest unit of taxonomy/classification
43. Two or more species which occupy the same or overlapping area are known as
a) Sympatric b) Allotropic c) Sibling d) Sub-species
44. Who coined the term ‘Phylum’?
a) Cuvier b) Aristotle c) Ernst Haeckel d) Hooker
45. Which of the following statements regarding universal rules of nomenclature is wrong?
a) The first word in a biological name represents the genus
b) The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter
c) Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten are separately underlined
d) Biological names are generally in Greek and written in italics
46. Category among following is
a) Species b) Malvaccae c) Thalmiflorae d) Dicotyledonae
47. ‘SystemaNaturae’ was written by
a) Ernst Mayr b) Carolus Linnaeus c) R H Whittaker d) W M Stanley
48. What is the symbol of Bombay Natural History Society?
a) Kingfisher b) Eagle c) Hornbill d) Hawaiin Goose
49. Two different genera are classified in the same taxonomic category family. Which statement is correct
about their classification?
a) The same class, but different species b) A different class and different order
c) The same phylum, but different class d) A different kingdom and different phylum
50. Metabolism can be best defined as
a) The process in which a chemical is formed inside a body
b) The process in which a chemical is destroyed inside a body
c) The sum total all of chemical reactions only occurring in a body
d) A complex construction process only
51. Among the following choose the properties shown by the living organism exclusively?
I. growth
II. increase in mass
III. self-replication ability
IV. response to touch stimuli
a) I and II b) I, II and III c) I, III and IV d) I, II, III and IV
52. In hierarchial classification, class occupied a place between
a) Kingdom and phylum b) Order and family c) Phylum and order d) Family and genus
53. Choose the wrong statements regarding universal rules of nomenclature
a) The first word in a biological name represents the genus
b) The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter
c) Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten are separately underlined
d) Biological names are generally in English and written in italics
54. Who set up the first herbarium?
a) Engler and Pranti b) Bentham c) Luca Ghini d) Theophrastus
55. Who is regarded as Father of Zoology and Biology?
a) Aristotle b) Theophrastus c) Darwin d) Linnaeus
56. Among the following which is a common phenomenon exhibited by living and non-living organisms to
show the feature of growth?
a) Increase in mass b) By cell division
c) Increase in replication rate d) By cell differentiation
57. A group of interconnected genera is called a
a) Family b) Class c) Phylum d) Order
58. Arrange the following in ascending similar characteristic
I. Family II. Genus III. Class IV. Species
a) Class < Family < Genus < Species
b) Family < Class < Genus < Species
c) Species < Genus < Family < Class
d) Class < Genus < Species < Family
59. In five kingdom classification the unicellular prokaryotic organisms were classified under kingdom
a) Protista b) Monera c) Animalia d) Plantae
60. Largest herbarium in India is
a) Madras Herbarium Coimbatore (TN)
b) Central, National Herbarium (Indian Botanical Garden) Sibpur, Kolkata (WB)
c) Herbarium of National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow (UP)
d) Forest Research Institute, Dehradun (UA)
61. In which of the following, the usual taxonomic hierarchy is not followed?
a) Polypetalae and Gamopetalae b) Gamopetalae and Monochlamydae
c) Monochlamydae and monocots d) None of the above
62. Scientific name are printed (with english) and derived from
a) Bold and English
b) Italics and Latin
c) Italics and German
d) Italics and French
63. What is the basic unit of classification?
a) Family b) Order c) Species d) Genus
64. 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑚 and 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑎 are
a) Genus and species b) Genus and genus c) Species and species d) Only species
65. The biological concept of species was formulated by
a) Mayr b) Stebbins c) Heywood d) Love
66. National wildlife protection act came into force in/was inacted in
a) 1978 b) 1982 c) 1972 d) 1986
67. Biodiversity can be best defined as
a) Occurrence of number and type of organisms
b) Species and ecosystem of a region
c) Variety of life in an ecosystem
d) Totality of genes, species and ecosystem of a given region
68. Who had written 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑁𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑒?
a) Ernst Mayr b) Carolus Linnaeus c) RH Whittaker d) WM Stanley
69. Among the following which is a common phenomenon exhibited by living and non-living organisms to
show the feature of growth?
a) Increase in mass
b) By cell division
c) Increase in replication rate
d) By cell differentiation
70. Who coined the term ‘Species’?
a) John ray b) Aristotle c) Linnaeus d) Cuvier
71. Binomial nomenclature means that every organism has
 a) Two names one scientific and other popular
b) One scientific name consisting of a generic and a specific epithet
c) One name given by two scientist
d) Two names, one Latinize and other of the person
72. Which one among the following is accurately arranged in descending specificity
a) Species → Family → Class → Order → Division
b) Species → Genus → Division → Class → Kingdom
c) Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class
d) Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species
73. What is illustrated by the statement ‘Nothing lives forever, yet life continues’?
a) Metabolism b) Embryogenesis c) Reproduction d) Replication
74. Regeneration was first discovered in
a) Hydra b) Planaria c) Sponges d) Amoeba
75. Select the correct statement from the following statements
I. Increase in mass and increase in number of individuals are twin characteristics of growth
II. Metabolic reactions can also be demonstrated outside the body in isolated cell-free systems
III. ‘Response to stimuli’ is a defining property of living organisms
a) I and II b) II and III c) I and III d) I, II and III
76. Which one of the following has a real existence?
a) Genus b) Species c) Family d) Order
77. In plants growth occur by… throughout their life span.
Choose an appropriate option to complete the given NCERT statement
a) Cell dedifferentiation b) Cell differentiation c) Cell multiplication d) None of these
78. In which of the following, metabolic reactions take place?
a) In living organism only
b) Both in living and non-living organism
c) In isolated cell free systems
d) Both (a) and (c)
79. Two or more species which occupy the same or overlapping area are known as
a) Sympatric b) Allotropic c) Sibling d) Sub-species
80. Third name in trinomial nomenclature indicate
a) Species b) Sub-species c) Sub-genus d) Ecotype of organism
81. Family placed between
a) Genus and species b) Order and class c) Class and genus d) Order and genus
82. A defining property or characteristic of living organisms is
a) Increase in mass b) Development
c) Response to external stimuli d) Growth
83. … is a book (taxonomic acid) which contain information about habitat, distribution, climate description
and index of plant found in a particular area
a) Manual b) Flora c) Monograph d) Key
84. Natural system of classification is given by
a) Bentham and Hooker b) Carolus Linnaeus c) Charles Darwin d) Engler and Prantl
85. Five kingdom scheme to classify living being was given by
a) J B S Haldane b) G G Simpson c) E Mayr d) R H Whittaker
86. In majority of higher animals and plants reproduction and growth are
a) Mutually exclusive events b) Synonymous events
c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of the above
87. Which of the following classification is based in some morphological characters?
a) Artificial b) Natural c) Phylogenetic d) Both (A) and (c)
88. New systematic introduced by Sir Julian Huxley is also called
a) Phenetics b) Cladistics c) Biosystematics d) Numerical taxonomy
89. Who coined the term ‘Phylum’?
a) Cuvier b) Aristotle c) Ernst Haeckel d) Hooker
90. Evolutionary history of an organism is known as
a) Phylogeny b) Ancestry c) Paleontology d) Ontogeny
91. Distinction of prokaryota and eukaryote is based on
a) Cell organelles only b) Chromosome only c) Nucleus only d) All of these
92. The phylogenetic system of classification was put forth by
a) Carolus Linnaeus b) George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker
c) Aristotle d) Adolf Engler and Karl Prantl
93. Term ‘Taxonomy’ was coined by
a) De Candolle b) Takhtajan c) Linnaeus d) Aristotle
94. Largest herbarium in India is
a) Madras Herbarium Coimbatore (TN)
b) Central, National Herbarium (Indian Botanical Garden) Sibpur, Kolkata (WB)
c) Herbarium of National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow (UP)
d) Forest Research Institute, Dehradun (UA)
95. Who set up the first herbarium?
a) Engler and Pranti b) Bentham c) Luca Ghini d) Theophrastus
96. Phylogenetic system of classification is based on
a) Evolutionary relationships b) Morphological features
c) Chemical constituents d) Floral characters
97. A living organism can be easily distinguished from non-living on the basis of
a) Responsiveness to touch stimuli
b) Movement and growth
c) Reproduction
d) Interaction with environment and progressive evolution
98. The term ‘Taxonomy’ was introduced by
a) de Candolle b) Bentham and Hooker c) Linnaeus d) Huxley
99. A species is a group of organisms which
a) Can interbreed freely
b) Do not interbreed
c) Can live together
d) Can interbreed occassionally
100. Which branch of taxonomy is based on the determination of genetic relationship?
a) Experimental taxonomy
b) Numerical taxonomy
c) Cytotaxonomy
d) Biochemical taxonomy
101. Who coined the term ‘Species’?
a) John ray b) Aristotle c) Linnaeus d) Cuvier
102. Which one of the following branch is applicable to both plants and animals?
a) Herpetology b) Saurology c) Taxonomy d) Ichthyology
103. Which of the following set of organisms reproduce by fragmentation (asexual mode of reproduction)?
a) Amoeba, fungi and earthworm
b) Fungi, filamentous algae and protonema of mosses
c) Hydra, fungi, Amoeba and bacteria
d) Earthworm, bacteria and fungi
104. Which one of the taxonomic aids can give comprehensive account of complete compiled information of any
one genus or family at a particular time?
a) Taxonomic key b) Flora c) Herbarium d) Monograph
105. A ‘texa’ differ from ‘taxon’ due to
 a) Being a higher taxonomic category than taxon
b) Being a lower taxonomic category than taxon
c) Being a plural of taxon
d) Being singular of taxon
106. What name would be suggested for phylum in classification of plants?
a) Phylum b) Sub-division c) Division d) Both (b) and (c)
107. Taxon is a/an
a) Group of same species b) Any rank in taxonomic hierarchy
c) Group of similar genera d) Sub-division of kingdom
108. Phylogenetic system of classification was proposed by
a) Linnaeus b) Bentham c) Hutchinson d) Theophrastus
109. Who has written the book 𝐻𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑚?
a) Hutchinson b) Lamarck c) John Ray d) Linnaeus
110. A taxon is a
a) Group of related species b) Group of related families
c) Type of living organism d) Taxonomic group of any ranking
111. The genus 𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑠 includes
a) Tiger b) Fish c) Cat d) Frog
112. Who is regarded as Father of Zoology and Biology?
a) Aristotle b) Theophrastus c) Darwin d) Linnaeus
113. Where labelling is done/pasted on herbarium sheet?
a) Lower RHS b) Lower LHS c) Upper RHS d) Upper LHS
114. A germplasm collection is a
a) Collection of specimens of all the species of an area in a herbarium or botanical garden
b) Collection of modern varieties of a crop
c) Collection of plants or seeds having diverse alleles of all genes in a crop
d) Collection of seeds or pollen of rare and threatened species of a group or area
115. ‘OrdinesAnomali’ of Bentham and Hooker includes
a) Seed plants showing abnormal forms of growth and development
b) Plants represented only in fossil state
c) Plants described in the literature but which Bentham and Hooker did not see in original
d) A few orders which could not be placed satisfactorily in the classification
116. Growth in unicellular organisms can be observed by
a) Counting the mass of cultured cells
b) Analysing the amount of nutrient absorb by living organism
c) Growth can not be observed
d) In vitro culture by simply counting the number of cells under microscope
117. Which of the following are considered as the twin characteristics of growth?
I. Responses to stimuli
II. Increases in mass
III. Increases in the number of individuals
IV. Increases in width
a) II and IV b) III and IV c) II and III d) I, II, III and IV
118. Biodiversity can be best defined as
a) Occurrence of number and type of organisms
b) Species and ecosystem of a region
c) Variety of life in an ecosystem
d) Totality of genes, species and ecosystem of a given region
119. Scientific name are printed (with english) and derived from
a) Bold and English b) Italics and Latin c) Italics and German d) Italics and French
120. A living organism can be easily distinguished from non-living on the basis of
 a) Responsiveness to touch stimuli b) Movement and growth
c) Reproduction d) Interaction with environment and progressive
evolution
121. In five kingdom classification the unicellular prokaryotic organisms were classified under kingdom
a) Protista b) Monera c) Animalia d) Plantae
122. In angiosperms floral features are commonly used for identification, why?
a) Flower can be preserved easily
b) Flower are attractive to work with
c) Flower have aroma and different colour
d) Reproductive parts are more conservative
123. True regeneration is found in
a) Amoeba b) Hydra c) Planaria d) Bacteria
124. The basic unit of classification is
a) Species b) Genus c) Family d) Phylum
125. Where is Biosphere Reserve Simlipal located?
a) Kerala b) Odisha c) Asom d) Sikkim
126. Where labelling is done/pasted on herbarium sheet?
a) Lower RHS b) Lower LHS c) Upper RHS d) Upper LHS
127. Who is regarded as Father of Taxonomy?
a) Hooker b) Linnaeus c) Aristotle d) De Candolle
128. Bionomial nomenclature was first issued in
a) SystemaNaturae b) Genera Plantarum c) Genera Animalium d) Species Plantarum
129. National wildlife protection act came into force in/was inacted in
a) 1978 b) 1982 c) 1972 d) 1986
130. A taxon is a
a) Group of related species
b) Group of related families
c) Type of living organism
d) Taxonomic group of any ranking
131. A ‘texa’ differ from ‘taxon’ due to
a) Being a higher taxonomic category than taxon
b) Being a lower taxonomic category than taxon
c) Being a plural of taxon
d) Being singular of taxon
132. Correct name is
a) 𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎 b) MagniferaIndica
c) SOLANUM MELONGINA d) 𝑀𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑎 𝑃𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎
133. Increase in body mass can be considered a criterion for growth
a) In living being b) Non-living being c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these
134. Who is regarded as Father of Taxonomy?
a) Hooker b) Linnaeus c) Aristotle d) De Candolle
135. Which one of the following taxonomic categories top the hierarchy of categories?
a) Order b) Division c) Class d) Family
136. In five kingdom classification, the eukaryotes were assigned under how many kingdoms?
a) Only four kingdom
b) All five kingdom
c) Only two kingdom
d) Only three kingdom
137. Which taxonomical aid provide all information about a particular taxon like order or family
a) Herbarium b) Catalogue c) Taxonomic key d) Monograph
138. Binomial system of nomenclature was given by
 a) Engler b) Linaeus c) Prantl d) Both (a) and (C)
139. In which of the following, metabolic reactions take place?
a) In living organism only
b) Both in living and non-living organism
c) In isolated cell free systems
d) Both (a) and (c)
140. What is the old name of Indian Board of wildlife
a) National Board of Wildlife Animal
b) Central Board of Wildlife
c) Board of Wildlife
d) Wildlife Protection Board
141. According to binomial nomenclature, scientific name of an organism consists of
a) Generic name b) Specific epithet c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these
142. Different (various) group of ranks or levels in classification is known/called as
a) Category b) Order c) Genera d) Taxon
143. Species is considered as
a) Largest taxon of taxonomy/classification
b) Key of taxonomy/classification
c) Smallest taxon of faxonomy/classification
d) Both small and largest unit of taxonomy/classification
144. Which one of the following is the feature of phylum-Chordata is also exhibited by adult tunicate?
a) Possession of visceral slits b) Possession of a ventral chord
c) Possession of closed vascular system d) Possession of ventral tubular nervous system
145. Choose the correct classification for the given plant

a) Plantae, Anglosperm, Monocotyledons

b) Plantae, Anglosperm, Dicotyledons
c) Plantae, Gymnosperm, Monocot
d) Plantae, Pteridophytes, Dicot
146. Scientific study of diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationship is
a) Morphology b) Anatomy c) Taxonomy d) Systematics
147. Different (various) group of ranks or levels in classification is known/called as
a) Category b) Order c) Genera d) Taxon
148. The concept that monocots are more primitive than dicots was proposed by
a) Bentham and Hooker b) Theophrastus c) Aristole d) Engler and Prantl
149. A defining property or characteristic of living organisms is
a) Increase in mass
b) Development
c) Response to external stimuli
d) Growth
150. What is the old name of Indian Board of wildlife
a) National Board of Wildlife Animal
 b) Central Board of Wildlife
c) Board of Wildlife
d) Wildlife Protection Board
151. Species are consider as
a) Artificial concept of human mind which cannot be defined in absolute terms
b) Real units of classification devised by taxonomists
c) Real basic units of classification
d) The lowest units of classification
152. In plants growth occur by… throughout their life span.
Choose an appropriate option to complete the given NCERT statement
a) Cell dedifferentiation b) Cell differentiation c) Cell multiplication d) None of these
153. Growth in unicellular organisms can be observed by
a) Counting the mass of cultured cells
b) Analysing the amount of nutrient absorb by living organism
c) Growth can not be observed
d) In vitro culture by simply counting the number of cells under microscope
154. Largest herbarium in the world is
a) Conservatory and Botanical Garden, Geneva
b) New York Botanical Garden
c) Royal Botanical Garden, Kew (London)
d) British, Museum of Natural History
155. Taxonomic hierarchy refers to
a) Stepwise arrangement of all categories for classification of plants and animals
b) A group of senior taxonomists, who decide the nomenclature of plants and animals
c) A list of botanists or zoologists, who have worked on taxonomy of a species or group
d) Classification of a species based on fossil record
156. A perennial shrub has compound leaves and solitary zygomorphic and epigynous flowers. Each flower
reveals dichlamydeous condition with many stamens and multiple fruit with exalbuminous seeds. What is
the ratio of advanced and primitive characters in it?
a) 1:2 b) 2:3 c) 1:1 d) 3:2
157. A germplasm is a
a) Collection of seeds or plants consists diverse alleles of all genes in a crop
b) Collection of specimens of all the species of botanical garden
c) Collection of hybrid varieties of plants
d) Seed or pollar collection of threatened species of a group
158. Which one of the following has a real existence?
a) Genus b) Species c) Family d) Order
159. Binomial system of classification was based on
a) Embryology b) Morphology c) Cytology d) Anatomy
160. Which is not a category?
a) Asteraceae/Fabaceae b) Species c) Phylum d) Class
161. Select true and false statement and choose correct answer from the option given below
I. Taxon is a group of related organism
II. 𝐻𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑠𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑠 is the scientific name of man
III. Royal Botanical Garden is located in Bristol (England)
IV. Dudhwa National Park is located at Lakhimpur in UP
V. There are about 89 wildlife sanctuaries and 492 National Parks in India
VI. When specific name is identical to generic name it is an example of tautonym
a) True-I, III, V, False-II, IV, VI b) True-I, II, III, False-IV, V, VI
c) True-II, IV, VI, False-V, III, I d) True-VI, V, IV, False-III, II, I
162. Biological organization in living state is at
 a) Sub-microscopic level b) Atomic level
c) Cellular level d) Mixture level
163. Which of the following are considered as the twin characteristics of growth?
I. Responses to stimuli
II. Increases in mass
III. Increases in the number of individuals
IV. Increases in width
a) II and IV b) III and IV c) II and III d) I, II, III and IV
164. Linnaean system of plant classification is based on
a) Morphological and anatomical characters b) Evolutionary trends
c) Floral characters d) None of the above
165. A group of inbreeding plant or animals is
a) Order b) Species c) Family d) Genus
166. Binomial nomenclature means
a) A scientific name, which consist of two words giving a generic name and a specific name
b) One name is given by two scientists
c) Two name, one vernacular and one scientific
d) Two name, one in Latin and other is a named of person
167. Tautonym is
a) Unscientific explanation of a phenomenon b) Common name used as a scientific name
c) Nonlatinised name d) Same name for genus and species
168. What size of herbarium sheet and label is recommended generally?
a) 30 × 40 cm, 6 × 12 cm b) 29 × 41 cm, 7 × 14 cm
c) 30 × 45 cm, 7 × 12 cm d) 20 × 30 cm, 5 × 10 cm
169. Choose the correct classification for the given plant

a) Plantae, Anglosperm, Monocotyledons

b) Plantae, Anglosperm, Dicotyledons
c) Plantae, Gymnosperm, Monocot
d) Plantae, Pteridophytes, Dicot
170. Which one is correctly written scientific name?
a) Panther Tigris b) Mangiferaindica
c) Pucnthera Leo d) Columnba LIVEA
171. New systematics introduced by Sir Julian Huxley is also called as
a) Phonetics b) Cladistics
c) Biosystematics d) Numerical taxonomy
172. Which one of the category contain the least similar characteristic to one another?
a) Class b) Order c) Family d) Division
173. Who first proved that virus was made up of a nucleic acid and protein?
a) Griffith b) WM Stanley c) Dr Salvador Huria and d) Dr NW Pjrie and Dr FC
Dr Max Delbruk Bawden
174. In five kingdom classification, the eukaryotes were assigned under how many kingdoms?
 a) Only four kingdom b) All five kingdom c) Only two kingdom d) Only three kingdom
175. Select the correct statement from the following statements
I. Increase in mass and increase in number of individuals are twin characteristics of growth
II. Metabolic reactions can also be demonstrated outside the body in isolated cell-free systems
III. ‘Response to stimuli’ is a defining property of living organisms
a) I and II b) II and III c) I and III d) I, II and III
176. In 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎, the word 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎 is a
a) Genus b) Species c) Variety d) Order
177. In majority of higher animals and plants reproduction and growth are
a) Mutually exclusive events
b) Synonymous events
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of the above
178. Binomial nomenclature means
a) A scientific name, which consist of two words giving a generic name and a specific name
b) One name is given by two scientists
c) Two name, one vernacular and one scientific
d) Two name, one in Latin and other is a named of person
179. Which taxonomical aid provide all information about a particular taxon like order or family
a) Herbarium b) Catalogue c) Taxonomic key d) Monograph
180. The biological definition of a species depends on
a) The geographical distribution of two groups of organism
b) Reproductive isolation of two groups of organism
c) Anatomical and development differences between the two groups of organism
d) Difference in the adaptation of two groups of organism
181. Which is the only kingdom occupied by BGA, nitrogen fixing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria in five
kingdom classification?
a) Plantae b) Protista c) Monera d) Fungi
182. What is the basic unit of classification?
a) Family b) Order c) Species d) Genus
183. Which of the following is a category?
a) Division b) Phylum c) Viruses d) Both (a) and (b)
184. Distinction of prokaryota and eukaryote is based on
a) Cell organelles only
b) Chromosome only
c) Nucleus only
d) All of these
185. Cladistics can be defines as
a) The relationship between sub-species and species
b) Relationship between two most forward races
c) Relationship between endangered and surviving species
d) Method of classification that attempt to interface phylogenetic relationship
186. Why hierarchiral taxonomic system is used?
a) As each higher taxonomic category contains its below groups groups/categories
b) It is helpful to established classifications
c) All taxonomic categories reflect common habitats
d) Taxonomic group shows similar characters and have no evolutionary relationship
187. Which one among the following is accurately arranged in descending specificity
a) Species → Family → Class → Order → Division b) Species → Genus → Division → Class → Kingdom
c) Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class d) Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species
188. Viral genome when incorporated and integrated with bacterial genome is referred as
 a) Prophages b) DNA c) RNA d) Both (a) and (c)
189. Process of metabolism leads to
a) Growth
b) Development
c) Functions of living body
d) All of these
190. The suffix ‘phyta’ indicates
a) Family b) Class c) Order d) Division
191. A group of organisms with similar trait of any rank is
a) Taxon b) Family c) Genus d) Species
192. Ascending or descending arrangement of taxonomic categories is known as
a) Classification b) Key c) Taxonomy d) Hierarchy
193. A group of inbreeding plant or animals is
a) Order b) Species c) Family d) Genus
194. Regeneration was first discovered in
a) Hydra b) Planaria c) Sponges d) Amoeba
195. What is illustrated by the statement ‘Nothing lives forever, yet life continues’?
a) Metabolism b) Embryogenesis c) Reproduction d) Replication
196. ICVCN stands for
a) International Code of Virus Nomenclature
b) International Code of Valuation in Nomenclature
c) International Code of viral Classification and Nomenclature
d) International Code of Virulence Nomenclature
197. In 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑚, first and second word stand for, respectively
a) Genus, generic name
b) Specific epithet species
c) Specific name and generic name
d) Generic name and specific name
198. In 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎, the word 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎 is a
a) Genus b) Species c) Variety d) Order
199. An example for the artificial system of classification is
a) Betham and Hooker b) Linnaeus system c) Engler and Prantl d) Bessey
200. Select the correct option from the following
a) Mule can reproduce b) Worker bee undergoes reproduction to generate
new progeny
c) Mule and worker bee do not reproduce d) None of the above
201. Which is not a category?
a) Asteraceae/Fabaceae b) Species c) Phylum d) Class
202. Viral genome when incorporated and integrated with bacterial genome is referred as
a) Prophages b) DNA c) RNA d) Both (a) and (c)
203. In angiosperms floral features are commonly used for identification, why?
a) Flower can be preserved easily
b) Flower are attractive to work with
c) Flower have aroma and different colour
d) Reproductive parts are more conservative
204. A place where dried, pressed and preserved plant specimens are kept
a) Herbarium b) Museum c) Botanical garden d) Both (a) and (c)
205. Which one is the important function of botanical garden?
a) Allow ex situ conservation of germplasm
b) Are place for recreation
c) Plant diversity can be observed
 d) Provide natural habitat for wildlife
206. Select true statement from the following and choose the right answer from the option given below
I. Human’s scientific name is 𝐻𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑠𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑠
II. 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑚 is written by John Ray
III. Highest taxonomic categories is division
IV. Taxonomic group of any rank is taxon
V. A group of closely related species of organism represent genus
VI. The term ‘systematic’ was coined by de Candolle
a) II, III, IV and VI b) I, III, V and VI
c) I, IV and V d) II, III and VI
207. Who has proposed five kingdom system of classification?
a) RH Whittaker b) Simpson c) Haldane d) Bentham and Hooker
208. Which is the only kingdom occupied by BGA, nitrogen fixing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria in five
kingdom classification?
a) Plantae b) Protista c) Monera d) Fungi
209. Increase in body mass can be considered a criterion for growth
a) In living being b) Non-living being c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these
210. Animal of the same phylum are grouped below. Choose the incorrect group from given below option
a) Shark, snake, whale, reptiles b) Insect, spider, shrimp
c) Snail, squid, slug d) Earthworm, millipede, leech
211. Among the following listed features, which is not a unique feature of living organisms?
a) Increase in size b) Response to stimuli
c) Self organisation d) Growth and reproduction
212. The concept of genus was proposed by
a) John Ray b) Tourne Fort c) Hooker d) Bessey
213. Which one is the correct hierarchical order in Taxonomy?
a) Genus<species<class<order b) Genus<class<order>family
c) Species<order<class<phylum d) Genus<class<division<order
214. What size of herbarium sheet and label is recommended generally?
a) 30 × 40 cm, 6 × 12 cm
b) 29 × 41 cm, 7 × 14 cm
c) 30 × 45 cm, 7 × 12 cm
d) 20 × 30 cm, 5 × 10 cm
215. Which one of the following taxonomic categories can categorized rest all others
a) Family b) Genus c) Class d) order
216. The number of species classified in “Species Plantarum” is
a) 5000 b) 6000 c) 4000 d) 3800
217. Which of the following set of organisms reproduce by fragmentation (asexual mode of reproduction)?
a) Amoeba, fungi and earthworm b) Fungi, filamentous algae and protonema of mosses
c) Hydra, fungi, Amoeba and bacteria d) Earthworm, bacteria and fungi
218. Which one of the following is the feature of phylum-Chordata is also exhibited by adult tunicate?
a) Possession of visceral slits
b) Possession of a ventral chord
c) Possession of closed vascular system
d) Possession of ventral tubular nervous system
219. Who has proposed five kingdom system of classification?
a) RH Whittaker b) Simpson c) Haldane d) Bentham and Hooker
220. The first phylogenetic system of plant classification was proposed by
a) Engler b) Engler and Prantl c) Eicher d) Bentham and Hooker
221. Biological organisation level of living being can be represented as
a) Sub-cellular → Cellular → Individual → Population
 b) Atomic → Molecular → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ systems → Individual
c) Organ system → Tissue → Cellular → Molecular → Atomic
d) Individual → Molecular → Tissue → Organ system → Population
222. Which one of the following taxonomic categories top the hierarchy of categories?
a) Order b) Division c) Class d) Family
223. Which one of the category contain the least similar characteristic to one another?
a) Class b) Order c) Family d) Division
224. Binomial system of nomenclature was given by
a) Julian Huxley b) Bentham and Hooker c) Linnaeus d) Casper Bauhin
225. Which is first step in taxonomy?
a) Description of the organism b) Identification of the organism
c) Nomenclature of the organism d) Classification of the organism
226. Among the following listed features, which is not a unique feature of living organisms?
a) Increase in size
b) Response to stimuli
c) Self organisation
d) Growth and reproduction
227. Which one is species?
a) Cannis b) Pisum c) Leo d) Carnivora
228. Biological organisation level of living being can be represented as
Atomic → Molecular → Cellular → Tissue → Organ
a) Sub-cellular → Cellular → Individual → Population b)
→ Organ systems → Individual
Organ system → Tissue → Cellular → Molecular → Individual → Molecular → Tissue → Organ system
c) d)
Atomic → Population
229. Nomenclature given by Linnaeus is
a) Binomial b) Trinomial c) Phylogenetic d) Natural
230. Two different genera are classified in the same taxonomic category family. Which statement is correct
about their classification?
a) The same class, but different species
b) A different class and different order
c) The same phylum, but different class
d) A different kingdom and different phylum
231. Choose the correct sequence in the hierarchy of taxonomic categories in descending order.
a) Species-genus-family-order-class-division b) Division-order-class-family-genus-species
c) Division-class-family-order-genus-species d) Division-class-order-family-genus-species
232. What name would be suggested for phylum in classification of plants?
a) Phylum b) Sub-division c) Division d) Both (b) and (c)
233. A species is a group of organisms which
a) Can interbreed freely
b) Do not interbreed
c) Can live together
d) Can interbreed occassionally
234. Which one is the important function of botanical garden?
a) Allow ex situ conservation of germplasm
b) Are place for recreation
c) Plant diversity can be observed
d) Provide natural habitat for wildlife
235. Which one is the first biosphere reserve?
a) Norkrek Biosphere Reserve
b) Simlipal Biosphere Reserve
c) Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve
 d) Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
236. Father of botany is
a) Aristotle b) Robert Hooke c) Darwin d) Theophrastus
237. Two plants can be conclusively said to belong to the same species if they
a) Can reproduce freely with each other and form seeds
b) Have more than 90 percent similar genes
c) Look similar and possess identical secondary metabolites
d) Have same number of chromosomes.
238. Which one is the first biosphere reserve?
a) Norkrek Biosphere Reserve b) Simlipal Biosphere Reserve
c) Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve d) Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
239. A place where dried, pressed and preserved plant specimens are kept
a) Herbarium b) Museum c) Botanical garden d) Both (a) and (c)
240. Which one of the following feature is shared by all living organism at all hierarchial level
a) Mode of nutrition b) Cellular organization
c) Nature of protoplasmic-composition d) Growth by cell division
241. Select the wrong statements.
(I) Lower the taxon, more are the characteristics that the member within the taxon share.
(II) Order is the assemblage of genera which exhibit a few similar characters.
(III) Cat and dog are included in the same family-Felidae.
(Iv) Binomial nomenclature was introduced by Carolus Linnaeus.
a) I, II and III b) II, III and IV c) I and IV d) II and III
242. ICBN stands for
a) Indian Congress of Biological Name b) International Code for Botanical Nomenclature
c) International Congress of Biological Name d) Indian Code of Botanical Nomenclature
243. The framework system of classification in which various taxonomic categories are arranged in order of
logical sequence is called
a) Systematics b) Classification c) Hierarchy d) Taxon
244. Which of the following is a merit in the Bentham and Hooker’s system of classification?
a) The position of gymnosperms in between dicots and monocots
b) Closely related families are placed apart
c) The placement of family-Asteraceae in the beginning of Gamopetalae
d) The placement of order-Ranals in the beginning
245. Huxley is father of
a) Classical taxonomy b) Artificial taxonomy
c) Neo-taxonomy d) Adansonian taxonomy
246. Classification based on chromosome number is
a) Cytotaxonomy b) Numerical taxonomy c) Karyotaxonomy d) Biochemistry
247. Which one of the following taxonomic categories can categorized rest all others
a) Family b) Genus c) Class d) order
248. This of the following taxonomist described classification of plant in ‘Families of flowering plants’?
a) Cronquist b) Thakhtajan c) Benson d) Hutchinson
249. National botanical research Institute is situated at
a) Lucknow b) Kolkata c) Mumbai d) Chennai
250. What is the prime source of taxonomic studies?
a) Collection of actual specimens of organisms species
b) Identification of actual specimen of organism species
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of the above
251. Choose the wrong statements regarding universal rules of nomenclature
a) The first word in a biological name represents the genus
 b) The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter
c) Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten are separately underlined
d) Biological names are generally in English and written in italics
252. The term ‘species’ was coined by
a) Aristotle b) Engler c) John Ray d) Linnaeus
253. Which one is correctly written scientific name?
a) Panther Tigris b) Mangiferaindica c) Pucnthera Leo d) Columnba LIVEA
254. Metabolism can be best defined as
a) The process in which a chemical is formed inside a body
b) The process in which a chemical is destroyed inside a body
c) The sum total all of chemical reactions only occurring in a body
d) A complex construction process only
255. MABP stands for
a) Man and Biosphere Programme
b) Man and Biosphere Protection
c) Man and Biosphere Conservation and Protection
d) All of the above
256. In 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑚, first and second word stand for, respectively
a) Genus, generic name
b) Specific epithet species
c) Specific name and generic name
d) Generic name and specific name
257. 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑚 and 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑎 are
a) Genus and species b) Genus and genus c) Species and species d) Only species
258. By which chemical specimen for herbaria are treated to prevent fungal attack
a) 0.1% mercuric chloride b) 0.1% mercurous chloride
c) Carbon disulphide d) Acetic acid
259. Which of the following is a category?
a) Division b) Phylum c) Viruses d) Both (a) and (b)
260. Who has written the book 𝐻𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑚?
a) Hutchinson b) Lamarck c) John Ray d) Linnaeus
261. Read the following features and select the correct option from the options given below with respect to
living beings
I. They reproduce
II. They metabolise
III. They have cellular organisation
IV. They have ability to respond to stimuli
a) I and III are true b) I and II are true c) Only III is true d) All are true
262. According to binomial nomenclature, scientific name of an organism consists of
a) Generic name
b) Specific epithet
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these
263. Which one is species?
a) Cannis b) Pisum c) Leo d) Carnivora
264. New systematics introduced by Sir Julian Huxley is also called as
a) Phonetics b) Cladistics c) Biosystematics d) Numerical taxonomy
265. Largest herbarium in the world is
a) Conservatory and Botanical Garden, Geneva
b) New York Botanical Garden
c) Royal Botanical Garden, Kew (London)
 d) British, Museum of Natural History
266. Read the following features and select the correct option from the options given below with respect to
living beings
I. They reproduce
II. They metabolise
III. They have cellular organisation
IV. They have ability to respond to stimuli
a) I and III are true b) I and II are true c) Only III is true d) All are true
267. Abbreviation for International Code of Bacteriological Nomenclature is
a) ICBN b) IC Bact N c) ICNB d) IC Bati N
268. Abbreviation for International Code of Bacteriological Nomenclature is
a) ICBN b) IC Bact N c) ICNB d) IC Bati N
269. ICVCN stands for
a) International Code of Virus Nomenclature b) International Code of Valuation in Nomenclature
c) International Code of viral Classification and d) International Code of Virulence Nomenclature
Nomenclature
270. Select true and false statement and choose correct answer from the option given below
I. Taxon is a group of related organism
II. 𝐻𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑠𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑠 is the scientific name of man
III. Royal Botanical Garden is located in Bristol (England)
IV. Dudhwa National Park is located at Lakhimpur in UP
V. There are about 89 wildlife sanctuaries and 492 National Parks in India
VI. When specific name is identical to generic name it is an example of tautonym
a) True-I, III, V, False-II, IV, VI
b) True-I, II, III, False-IV, V, VI
c) True-II, IV, VI, False-V, III, I
d) True-VI, V, IV, False-III, II, I
271. Which branch of taxonomy is based on the determination of genetic relationship?
a) Experimental taxonomy
b) Numerical taxonomy
c) Cytotaxonomy
d) Biochemical taxonomy
272. One of the most important functions of botanical garden is
a) One can observe tropical plants there b) They allow 𝑒𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢 conservation of germplasm
c) They provide the natural habitat for wildlife d) They provide a beautiful area for recreation
273. Reproduction is synonymous with growth in which of the following set of organisms?
a) Bacteria, unicellular algae and Amoeba
b) Bacteria, Amoeba and fungi
c) Unicellular algae and fungi
d) Unicellular algae and filamentous algae
274. Reproduction is synonymous with growth in which of the following set of organisms?
a) Bacteria, unicellular algae and Amoeba b) Bacteria, Amoeba and fungi
c) Unicellular algae and fungi d) Unicellular algae and filamentous algae
275. Where is Biosphere Reserve Simlipal located?
a) Kerala b) Odisha c) Asom d) Sikkim
276. Who had written 𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑁𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑒?
a) Ernst Mayr b) Carolus Linnaeus c) RH Whittaker d) WM Stanley
277. A genus with a single species is called
a) Typical b) Polytype c) Monotype d) Syntype
278. Ascending or descending arrangement of taxonomic categories is known as
a) Classification b) Key c) Taxonomy d) Hierarchy
279. Binomial system of classification was based on
a) Embryology b) Morphology c) Cytology d) Anatomy
280. Which series ends with the cohort umbellales in Bentham and Hooker’s system of classification?
a) Thalamiflorae b) Disciflorae c) Heteromerae d) Calyciflorae
1 (a) of their stamens.
Biosystematics aims at morphological
delimitation of taxa but incorporates evidences 10 (b)
from Genetics, Cytology, Anatomy, Palynology, Species is the smallest rank of taxonomic
Chemistry, Physiology, etc. classification modern concept of species is
biological species concept (E Mayr; 1942). Mayr
2 (a) defined he species as the group of interbreeding
Phenetics (Gr. 𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑖𝑛= to appear; the term natural populations that are reproductively
phenotypes is derived from this same root) isolated from other such groups.
dedicates taxonomic affinities entirely on the
basis of measurable similarities and differences. 11 (d)
When synthetic process or constructive process
3 (b) called anabolism exceeds destructive process of
A herbarium (A) is a collection/place of pressed the body i.e., catabolism, growth will takes place,
dried and preserved plants specimen mounted which in turn proceeds development and body
on a paper sheets (B) labelled and arranged will function well
systematically for further reference 12 (d)
4 (d) According to Mayr, species are group of
Linnaeus classified all the living organisms into interbreeding natural populations that are
two large kingdoms, 𝑖. 𝑒.,Plantae and Animalia. reproductively isolated from other such groups.
The descending order of Linnaean hierarchy is Species is the lowest taxonomic rank. It contains
Kingdom→Phylum→Class→Order→ Family → most similar organisms.
Genus → Species.
13 (b)
5 (b) In taxonomy, nomenclature of organisms is
Luca Ghini a professor of Botany set-up the first possible only when the correct place and correct
herbarium at Pisa is Italy name is known. i.e., organism must be described
6 (d) correctly. This is identification and is the first step
Shark, snake, whale, reptile belong to phylum- in taxonomy
Chordata. 14 (c)
Insect, spider and shrimp belong to The prime source of taxonomic studies is
phylum−Arthropoda. Fish, snail, squid and slug collection and identification of actual specimen.
are molluscans, while earthworm is annelids, Nomenclature the present scientific method of
millipede is arthropods, Hirudinaria is common naming the organism can be completed only when
leech of phylum−Annelida actual specimen is collected and identified
7 (d) 15 (b)
The term ‘Systematic Botany’ refers to the Flora is a book or taxonomic aid which have
methodical study of plants, dealing with adequate information about habitat, distributions
identification, naming and classification. of climate and index of plants present in a
particular region
8 (c) 16 (c)
Hornbill (a bird) is the symbol of Bombay Natural Hierarchial classification is
History Society. It is privately owned wildlife Kingdom
conservation agency/organisation ↓
9 (c) Division/Phylum
Linnaeus produced sexual system of classification ↓
based upon the numerical relations of the floral Class
parts. He grouped all the genera into 24 classes ↓
based on number and morphological arrangement Order
 ↓ 0.1% mercuric chloride solution are used to
Family prevent fungal attack on herbarium nepthalene
↓ and carbon disulphide are common pesticides
Genus 25 (b)
↓ Binomial system of nomenclature was proposed
Species by Carolus Linnaeus. The system of nomenclature
Class occupy a position between division/phylum was first issued in Species Plantarum. Binomial
and order system approve two name for an organism, i.e.,
17 (c) generic and specific name
Mule a result of outbreeding interspecific 26 (a)
hybridization and worker bee lack primary sex Term ‘Taxonomy’ is coined by AP de Candolle
organ. So, they are unable to do reproduction (1813) in his book TheoryElementarie de La
18 (a) Botanique, i.e., Theory of Elementary Botany.
Hierarchical system is used in classification by While Carolus Linnaeus is regarded as Father of
majority of the biologist because each higher Taxonomy
taxonomic category contain its below group, i.e., it 27 (a)
reduce the volume of description in a catalogue of A family is a group of related genera with less
animal and plants and character at larger category number of similarities as compared to genus and
need not to be repeated for smaller categories species
19 (b) 28 (c)
Organization or living being starts with atomic, Regeneration is a process in which a lost part of
i.e., sub-microscopic level and reaches to cells the body is recreated by the organism to became a
(microscopic level), then become visible or new organism. It can be best observed in
microscopic with tissue and organs and then flatworm Planaria
reaches to conceptual level 29 (c)
Genera Plantarum was written by Bentham and
Hooker, highest taxonomic category is kingdom in
hierarchy. Term ‘Systematic’ was first time used
20 (a) by Linnaeus
The ascending hierarchy in similar characteristic 30 (b)
is Class < Family < Genus < Species, i.e., specificity In trinomial nomenclature a third name is written
is increasing or printed after two words name, which indicate
21 (c) sub-species or variety or race of the organism,
Growth self-replication and response to stimuli e.g., Indian babul (Acacia niloticaindica). Where
are the properties, which are exclusive among the indica means Indian species of babul
living being as increase in mass can be observed 31 (d)
in non-living thing, e.g., mountains, sand mounds Dr. NW Pjrie and Dr. FC Bawden proved that virus
also shows increase in size by accumulation of are composition of nucleoprotein, i.e., made up of
material on their surface nucleic acid and protein
22 (c) 32 (a)
Nature of protoplasmic composition is shared by The suffix phyta indicates division
all living organism at all taxonomic categories. 33 (b)
Mode of nutrition is peculiar feature of five The genus Felis is used to represent cats
kingdom classification 34 (b)
23 (b) Binomial system of nomenclature was proposed
A herbarium (A) is a collection/place of pressed by Carolus Linnaeus. The system of nomenclature
dried and preserved plants specimen mounted was first issued in Species Plantarum. Binomial
on a paper sheets (B) labelled and arranged system approve two name for an organism, i.e.,
systematically for further reference generic and specific name
24 (a) 35 (b)
Luca Ghini a professor of Botany set-up the first
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 herbarium at Pisa is Italy geographic isolation. Sibling have same ancestors
36 (a) and when species have subgroup, it is called
Taxon can be defined as a group of organisms subspecies or variety
with similar trait of any taxonomic rank like roses 44 (a)
(genus), legumes (family), gymnosperm (class). Term phylum was coined by Cuvier. Aristole is
According to Simpson, it is a group of real regarded as Father of Zoology as well as Biology.
organisms recognized at a formal unit at any level Earnst Haeckel proposed Biogenetic Law.
in hierarchy Benthon and Hooker are pioneer workers in
37 (a) classification of organisms
The term new systematic was given by Julian 45 (d)
Huxley (1940). New systematic or Biosystematics There are certain rules
is the concept of systematic which bring out
taxonomic affinity on the basis of evolutionary, (i) The names are in Latin language, sometimes in
genetic and morphological traits. The term Greek.
systematic was given by Linnaeus (Father of (ii) Generic name begins with the capital letter
Taxonomy), who also gave binomial and is placed before specific name.
nomenclature concept.
The specific name begins with a small letter.
Darwin has given theory of natural selection and
theory of pangenesis. (iii) The scientific name should either be
underlined or italicized.
38 (c)
A natural taxon means a group of similar, (iv) Name of the authority should be written after
genetically, related organisms having certain specific epithet in an abbreviated from.
distinct characters from other groups. A genus
with single species is called monotypic genus 46 (a)
39 (a) Linnaeus introduced five categories in the
MABP stands for Man and Biosphere Programme taxonomic hierarchy, i.e., class, order, species and
40 (a) variety. Later on, three more categories, i.e.,
The system by which various taxonomic kingdom, division or phylum and family were
categories are arranged in a proper descending added and variety was discarded to make a
order is called taxonomic or systematic hierarchy. hierarchy of seven obligate categories.
The correct sequence of categories in systematic 47 (b)
hierarchy is- “SystemaNaturae” was written by Carolus
Kingdom, sub-kingdom, division or phylum, class, Linnaeus.
sub-class, series, order, family, genus, species. 48 (c)
41 (a) Hornbill (a bird) is the symbol of Bombay Natural
Germplasm is a collection seeds/plants which History Society. It is privately owned wildlife
consists diverse alleles of all gene in a crop conservation agency/organisation
42 (c) 49 (a)
Species is basic/lowest/smallest unit of In taxonomic categories family occupy the
taxonomy. According to EarnstMayr species are position between class and species (lowest)
group of interbreeding natural populations. family can accomodate different genera but
Which are reproductively isolated from other species are different like dog, jackal, wolf belong
such groups. It contains most similar organisms to same genera Cannis but species are different.
43 (b) But they belong to same class. More similar
Allotropic species are those group of individuals, characteristic of order are grouped in same class
which occupy the same or overlapping area in the 50 (c)
different habitat and involve geographical Metabolism is the sum of all the metabolic
isolation. While sympatric species occur without activities in body, i.e., anabolism and catabolism.

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 Anabolism is constructive process, while 58 (a)
catabolism is a destructive process The ascending hierarchy in similar characteristic
51 (c) is Class < Family < Genus < Species, i.e., specificity
Growth self-replication and response to stimuli is increasing
are the properties, which are exclusive among the 59 (b)
living being as increase in mass can be observed Unicellular organisms are classified in kingdom-
in non-living thing, e.g., mountains, sand mounds Monera, i.e., ‘kingdom of prokaryotes’ of five
also shows increase in size by accumulation of kingdom classification, rest four kingdom are
material on their surface assigned to eukaryotes
52 (c) 60 (b)
Hierarchial classification is Largest herbarium in India is Central National
Kingdom Herbarium (Indian Botanical Garden) at Sibpur,
↓ Kolkata (WB)
Division/Phylum 61 (c)
↓ Polypetalae, Gamopetalae and Monochlamydeae
Class are division of group dicotyledons.
↓
Order 62 (b)
↓ Binomial system of nomenclature was proposed
Family by Carolus Linnaeus. The system of nomenclature
↓ was firsts issued in Species Plantarum. Binomial
Genus system approve two name for an organism, i.e.,
↓ generic and specific name
Species 63 (c)
Class occupy a position between division/phylum The basic unit of classification is species. It is the
and order lowest taxonomic category ad consists one or
53 (d) more natural populations closely related that
Biological or scientific name are generally written individual of other population
in italics at these are Greek or Latin words. The 64 (b)
first word denotes genus and begin with capital Solanum and Panthera are genera of
letter, while second words denote species and family−Solanaceae and Felidae, respectively
starts with small letters 65 (a)
54 (c) The biological concept of species was formulated
World first herbarium was set-up Pisa in Italy by by Ernst Mayr.
professor of Botany Luca Ghine 66 (c)
55 (a) Central Indian Government inacted wildlife
Aristotle (384-322 BC) described structure, habit, protection act in 1972. Some wildlife project in
reproduction and classification of animals in his India are the project Hangul-operated in J & K
book HistoriaAnimalium. He is regarded as father Government, IUCN and WWF.
of zoology and biology Crocodile Breeding Project operated by UNDP and
56 (a) Central Government
Increase in the body mass is a common feature of 67 (a)
non-living and living objects to represent growth Number and type of organisms it includes
as non-living objects also grows if we take 68 (b)
increase, in body mass as criterian for growth, SystemaNaturae was a work of Carolus Linnaeus.
e.g., mountains and boulder also grows by He describe about 4330 species of animal in this,
accumulation of material on surface while around 6000 species of plant had been
57 (a) described in Species Plantarum
A family is a group of related genera with less 69 (a)
number of similarities as compared to genus and Increase in the body mass is a common feature of
species
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 non-living and living objects to represent growth isolated metabolic reaction in vitro
as non-living objects also grows if we take 79 (b)
increase, in body mass as criterian for growth, Allotropic species are those group of individuals,
e.g., mountains and boulder also grows by which occupy the same or overlapping area in the
accumulation of material on surface different habitat and involve geographical
70 (a) isolation. While sympatric species occur without
John Ray introduced the term ‘Species’ in its geographic isolation. Sibling have same ancestors
presence sense for the first time. He also and when species have subgroup, it is called
published a book HistoriaGeneralisPlantarum subspecies or variety
71 (b) 80 (b)
Bauhin (1623) proposed a binary system of In trinomial nomenclature a third name is written
naming plants. This concept was properly or printed after two words name, which indicate
enlarged by Lannaeus (1753), while publishing sub-species or variety or race of the organism,
‘Species Plantarum’. According to this, plant name e.g., Indian babul (Acacia niloticaindica). Where
consists of two parts-the generic and specific indica means Indian species of babul
epithet. 81 (d)
The categories in taxonomic hierarchy are
72 (c) Kingdom → Division/Phylum → Class → Order →
The accurate arrangement of species in order to Family → Genus → Species.
descending specificity is
Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class Hierarchy of categories is also called as Linnaean
As in the taxonomical hierarchy similarity hierarchy.
increases from highest category to lowest
category 82 (c)
73 (c) All living organism from prokaryotes to the most
Reproduction is not essential for the survival of complex eukaryotes can respond external stimuli.
individual. However,it is essential and required The non-living things do not have this property at
for the survival of population because the through all
this loss of life is compensated 83 (b)
74 (a) Flora is a book or taxonomic aid which have
Regeneration was first observed in Hydra. adequate information about habitat, distributions
Planaria exhibits true regeneration. All these of climate and index of plants present in a
organisms show regeneration as a key feature particular region
75 (d) 84 (a)
Increase in mass and increase in number of In the natural system, all the important characters
individuals are considered twin characteristics of of plants are being considered and the plants are
growth, metabolic reaction can also be classified according to their related affinities. This
demonstrated in vitro and consciousness is system reflects the situation as it is thought to
considered as a determining property of livings exist under natural conditions, i.e., Bentham and
76 (b) Hooker’s system.
Species is group of interbreeding populations 85 (d)
according to biological concept of species R H Whittaker divided living organisms into five
(proposed by Mayr) and new species is formed kingdoms based in cell, body structure, nutrition
from existing species and life style. The five kingdoms as given by
77 (c) Whittaker are: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae
In plant growth occurs by cell division or and Animalia.
multiplication continuously in all parts
throughout their life span 86 (b)
78 (d) In majority of the higher organisms (plant and
Metabolic reactions can also be performed animals) reproduction and growth characteristic
outside the body in a cell free system, i.e., an are mutually exclusive events as increase in the

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 body size of living being do not alters the rate of Kolkata (WB)
reproduction or vice-versa 95 (c)
87 (a) World first herbarium was set-up Pisa in Italy by
In artificial system of classification, only a few professor of Botany Luca Ghine
characters of the plants are being considered, for 96 (a)
example, the grouping of plants into herbs, shrubs Phylogenetic system classifies the plants
and trees or the sexual system of Linnaeus was according to their evolutionary and genetic
based on number od stamens. The best known relationship, 𝑒. 𝑔., Eichler and Engler and Prantl’s
artificial system is of Linnaeus published in 1735. system of classifications.

88 (b) 97 (c)
New systematics or biosystematics is the concept Reproduction.
of systematic, which brings out taxonomic affinity Regeneration was first observed in Hydra.
on the basis of evolutionary, genetic and Planaria exhibits true regeneration. All these
morphological traits. New systematic brings out organisms show regeneration as a key feature
phylogenetic classification or caldistics. 98 (a)
The term ‘taxonomy’ was introduced by A P de
89 (a) Candolle (1813)in his book, ‘TheorieElementarie
Term phylum was coined by Cuvier. Aristole is de la Botanique’ (Theory of Elementary Botany).
regarded as Father of Zoology as well as Biology. Father of taxonomy is regarded to Carolus
Earnst Haeckel proposed Biogenetic Law. Linnaeus.
Benthon and Hooker are pioneer workers in
classification of organisms 99 (a)
90 (a) Species is a group of actually or potentially
Phylogeny (Gr. 𝑃ℎ𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑛=tribe or race; inbreeding population that are reproductively
𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑖𝑎=origin) is the origin and diversification of isolated from other such groups
any taxon or the evolutionary history of its origin 100 (a)
and diversification. It is usually represented as a Experimental taxonomy is based on
diagrammatic phylogenetic tree (that traces determination of genetic relationship, while
putative evolutionary relationships) i.e., cytotaxonomy is based on cytological study of
dendrogram. chromosomes, i.e., behavior, number and
morphology of chromosomes
91 (d) 101 (a)
Prokaryote can be distinguished from eukaryotes John Ray introduced the term ‘Species’ in its
on basis of the absence of cell organelles like presence sense for the first time. He also
chloroplast mitochondria, chromosome, nucleus published a book HistoriaGeneralisPlantarum
and nuclear membrane 102 (c)
92 (d) Taxonomy is applicable for both plants and
The phylogenetic system classifies the plants animals.
according to their evolutionary and genetic
relationships, e.g., classification system proposed 103 (b)
by Eicher, Engler and Prantl John Hutchinson etc. Reproduction by fragmentation can be best
observed in protonema of mosses, filamentous
93 (a) algae and in the fungi
Term ‘Taxonomy’ is coined by AP de Candolle 104 (d)
(1813) in his book TheoryElementarie de La In biological taxonomy, a monograph is a
Botanique, i.e., Theory of Elementary Botany. comprehensive, treatment of a taxon which
While Carolus Linnaeus is regarded as Father of revises all known species within a group, add any
Taxonomy newly discovered species and collects and
94 (b) synthesis available information on various
Largest herbarium in India is Central National aspects, eg, ecological association, geographic
Herbarium (Indian Botanical Garden) at Sibpur,

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 distributions and morphological variations within Bentham and Hooker did not know the affinities
the group. of the families placed under OrdinesAnomali and
these families were tentatively grouped together.
105 (c)
Taxa is plural of taxon. A taxon represents a 116 (d)
grouping in a systematic classification of Growth also occur in unicellular organisms by cell
organism (whatever its rank) division. It can be observed in vitro culture by
106 (c) counting the number of cell under microscope
In hierarchical system of classification phylum 117 (c)
and division occupy the same position which are Increase in mass and increase in number of
used in classification of animal and plant, individuals are considered the twin characteristic
respectively of growth in living organisms
107 (b) 118 (a)
Taxon is used to represent any rank in taxonomic Number and type of organisms it includes
hierarchy. 119 (b)
Binomial system of nomenclature was proposed
108 (c) by Carolus Linnaeus. The system of nomenclature
Phylogenetic system involves the classification of was firsts issued in Species Plantarum. Binomial
plants, according to the envolutionary and genetic system approve two name for an organism, i.e.,
affinities. This system of classification was generic and specific name
proposed by Engler in 1886, by Hutchinson in 120 (c)
1926 and by Tippo in 1942. Reproduction.
109 (c) Regeneration was first observed in Hydra.
John Ray (1627-1705) an english biologist Planaria exhibits true regeneration. All these
described about 18,500 plants is three volumes of organisms show regeneration as a key feature
his book of HistoriaGeneralisPlantarum 121 (b)
110 (d) Unicellular organisms are classified in kingdom-
Taxon is used to represent any rank in taxonomic Monera, i.e., ‘kingdom of prokaryotes’ of five
hierarchy, i.e., any level of grouping of organism kingdom classification, rest four kingdom are
based on observable feature like dog (species), assigned to eukaryotes
monocot (class). According to Simpson, taxon is a 122 (d)
group of real organisms recognized at a formal Flower is a specialized, modified shoot. Which has
unit at any level in hierarchy evolved due to progressive specialization of
111 (b) sporophyll. Sexual reproduction in angiosperm is
The genus Felis is used to represent cats performed by these conservative part of flowers.
112 (a) Hence, flower feature are commonly used for
Aristotle (384-322 BC) described structure, habit, identification
reproduction and classification of animals in his 123 (c)
book HistoriaAnimalium. He is regarded as father Regeneration is a process in which a lost part of
of zoology and biology the body is recreated by the organism to became a
113 (a) new organism. It can be best observed in
The correct labelling place on a herbarium sheet flatworm Planaria
is lower corner of page of RHS and generally its 124 (a)
size is 7 × 12 cm The basic unit of classification is species. It is the
114 (c) lowest category of classification. It is a group of
The sum total of all the genes present in a crop closely related individuals with similar
and its related species constitutes its germplasm. morphological, anatomical, biochemical and
It is ordinarily represented by a collection of cytological characters. It is a group of naturally
various strains and species. interbreeding populations with ability to produce
fertile off springs. Individuals of a species share a
115 (c) common gene pool. Species is reproductively

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 isolated, thus genetically closed system. Species mountains and sand dunes increase due to
has the real existence in nature. The term ‘species’ accumulation of material on their surface
was given by John Ray, an English naturalist. 134 (b)
Carolus Linnaeus is a Swedish botanist is
125 (b) regarded as Father of Taxonomy. Binomial
There are 14 reserve biosphere in India. Simlipal nomenclature was published by him in Species
Biosphere reserve is located in Odisha Plantarum
126 (a) 135 (b)
The correct labelling place on a herbarium sheet Out of four options, division occupy the largest or
is lower corner of page of RHS and generally its top position in taxonomic hierarchy Kingdom-
size is 7 × 12 cm Division-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species
127 (b) 136 (a)
Carolus Linnaeus is a Swedish botanist is Eukaryotes are assigned the kingdom-Protista,
regarded as Father of Taxonomy. Binomial Fungi, Plantae and Animalia, while prokaryotes
nomenclature was published by him in Species occupy space only in kingdom-Monera
Plantarum 137 (c)
128 (d) Taxonomic aid monograph is treatise having
Binomial nomenclature was given by Carlous complete information about a particular rank
Linnaeus. It was first issued in Species Plantarum. level of a taxonomic category. Key or taxonomic
129 (c) key contain list of traits or characters and their
Central Indian Government inacted wildlife alternate which are helpful in taxonomic studies.
protection act in 1972. Some wildlife project in Catalogue registers the species present in a
India are the project Hangul-operated in J & K particular place with brief description
Government, IUCN and WWF. 138 (b)
Crocodile Breeding Project operated by UNDP and Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) employed
Central Government binomial system of nomenclature in the first
130 (d) edition of his book ‘Species Plantarum’ in 1753.
Taxon is used to represent any rank in taxonomic According to which, the plant name is consisted of
hierarchy, i.e., any level of grouping of organism two Latin words. The first of which is generic
based on observable feature like dog (species), name and the second is specific name.
monocot (class). According to Simpson, taxon is a 139 (d)
group of real organisms recognized at a formal Metabolic reactions can also be performed
unit at any level in hierarchy outside the body in a cell free system, i.e., an
131 (c) isolated metabolic reaction in vitro
Taxa is plural of taxon. A taxon represents a 140 (b)
grouping in a systematic classification of Present Indian Board of Wildlife is former Central
organism (whatever its rank) Board of Wildlife is former Central Board of
132 (a) Wildlife. IBWL concerned with conservation of
As per binomial system of nomenclature, wildlife and run project to save wildlife and public
botanical name consists of generic epithet. The awareness
names are written in italic, generic name begins 141 (c)
with capital letter and specific name begins with Binomial nomenclature provide a distinct and
small letter, e.g., 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎. proper scientific name to organism, each
133 (c) consisting of two words, first generic name and
Growth is exhibited by living as well as non-living second specific name, which are derived from
organism. When increase is body mass is Latin language.
considered as a criterian for growth this may be Scientific names are printed in italics and hand
as the result of accumulation of material on non- written name is underlined (zig zag)
living surface or weight increase in livings, e.g., 142 (d)
→ A taxon is the taxonomic group of any rank in

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 the system of classification reproductively isolated from members of other
143 (c) species. Species is the real basic unit for
Species is basic/lowest/smallest unit of understanding taxonomy as well as evolution.
taxonomy. According to EarnstMayr species are
group of interbreeding natural populations. 152 (c)
Which are reproductively isolated from other In plant growth occurs by cell division or
such groups. It contains most similar organisms multiplication continuously in all parts
144 (a) throughout their life span
Presence of visceral slits is exhibited by both 153 (d)
Chordata and adult Tunicata members Growth also occur in unicellular organisms by cell
145 (b) division. It can be observed in vitro culture by
The given figure shows flowering plant so, plant counting the number of cell under microscope
belongs to angiosperm. And the leaf venation is 154 (c)
reticulate so plant is dicot Largest herbarium in the world is herbarium of
146 (d) Royal Botanical Garden, Kew (London) which
The discipline of biology which deals with the contains more than 6,00,000 specimens
kind and diversity of all organisms and the 155 (a)
existing relationship amongest them is called Taxonomic hierarchy refers to stepwise
systematics. The word ‘systematics’ is derived arrangement of all categories for classification of
from Latin word 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 which means plants and animals. The categories in taxonomic
systematic arrangement of organisms. It was first hierarchy are: Kingdom → Division (Phylum) →
used by Carolus Linnaeus. He used Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species
SystemaNaturae as the title of his publication. The 156 (c)
scope of systematics was later enlarged to include According to phylogenetic system of classification,
identification, nomenclature and classification. primitive charecters are perenniall and shrubby
Systematic takes into account evolutionary nature, solitary flower, numerous stamens
relationships between organisms. multiple or aggregate fruit, while advanced
147 (d) characters are compound leaves, zygomorphic
→ A taxon is the taxonomic group of any rank in flowers, epigynous flowers, fused stamens
the system of classification (dichlamydeous condition) and albuminous
148 (d) seeds.
The concept that monocots are more primitive Thus, the ratio of advanced and primitive
than dicots was proposed by Engler and Prantl. characters according to question is 1:1.
149 (c) 157 (a)
All living organism from prokaryotes to the most Germplasm is a collection seeds/plants which
complex eukaryotes can respond external stimuli. consists diverse alleles of all gene in a crop
The non-living things do not have this property at 158 (b)
all Species is group of interbreeding populations
150 (b) according to biological concept of species
Present Indian Board of Wildlife is former Central (proposed by Mayr) and new species is formed
Board of Wildlife is former Central Board of from existing species
Wildlife. IBWL concerned with conservation of 159 (b)
wildlife and run project to save wildlife and public Binomial system of classification was based on
awareness morphological characteristic of an organism
151 (c) 160 (a)
A species is a group of organisms that interbreed Species, phylum and class are all taxonomic
freely in their natural setting and do not categories, while Asteraceae/Fabaceae are
interbreed with other population. In simple families
words, members of one species are 161 (c)

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 Taxon is used represent any rank in taxonomic Mangiferaindica, scientific name consists of two
hierarchy. words a generic and another specific name. It is
Royal Botanical Garden is located at (Kew) binomial system of nomenclature.
London in England. The first word denoting the genus start with
There are about 492 (approximately 504) wildlife capital letter, while specific epithets start with
sanctuaries and 89 national park in India. Rest small letter
three statement are true 171 (b)
162 (b) New systematics or biosystematics is concept of
Organization or living being starts with atomic, systematics which brings out taxonomic affinities
i.e., sub-microscopic level and reaches to cells on the basis of evolutionary, genetic and
(microscopic level), then become visible or morphological traits. New systematics brings out
microscopic with tissue and organs and then cladistics or phylogenetic classification
reaches to conceptual level 172 (d)
In taxonomical hierarchy similarity increases
from highest/largest category to lowest
categories. Therefore, division has least similar
163 (c) feature as compared to lower categories (species)
Increase in mass and increase in number of 173 (d)
individuals are considered the twin characteristic Dr. NW Pjrie and Dr. FC Bawden proved that virus
of growth in living organisms are composition of nucleoprotein, i.e., made up of
164 (c) nucleic acid and protein
The system of classification proposed by Linnaeus 174 (a)
was artificial. It was mainly based on floral Eukaryotes are assigned the kingdom-Protista,
characters. Fungi, Plantae and Animalia, while prokaryotes
occupy space only in kingdom-Monera
165 (b) 175 (d)
According to Earnt Mayr species are group of Increase in mass and increase in number of
interbreeding natural populations that are individuals are considered twin characteristics of
reproductively isolated from other such groups. It growth, metabolic reaction can also be
contains most similar organisms demonstrated in vitro and consciousness is
166 (a) considered as a determining property of livings
Binomial system of nomenclature was proposed 176 (a)
by Linnaeus. According to the system an organism Mangifera is the generic name of mango
is provided a distinct and proper name consisting 177 (b)
of two words first generic name and second In majority of the higher organisms (plant and
specific name which present genus and species, animals) reproduction and growth characteristic
respectively are mutually exclusive events as increase in the
167 (d) body size of living being do not alters the rate of
When the specific name repeats the unaltered reproduction or vice-versa
generic name this is called tautonym, e.g., 178 (a)
𝑀𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑠. Binomial system of nomenclature was proposed
by Linnaeus. According to the system an organism
168 (c)
is provided a distinct and proper name consisting
Generally size of a herbarium sheet is 30 × 45 cm.
of two words first generic name and second
Which is slightly small than the size of American
specific name which present genus and species,
herbarium (29 × 41 cm) and label size is 7 × 12
respectively
169 (b)
179 (c)
The given figure shows flowering plant so, plant
Taxonomic aid monograph is treatise having
belongs to angiosperm. And the leaf venation is
complete information about a particular rank
reticulate so plant is dicot
level of a taxonomic category. Key or taxonomic
170 (b)
key contain list of traits or characters and their
P a g e | 10
 alternate which are helpful in taxonomic studies. 188 (a)
Catalogue registers the species present in a Prophage is the phage (viral genome) inserted
particular place with brief description into the circular bacterial genome or existing as
180 (b) extra chromosomal plasmid
Mayr (1942) defined species as an array of 189 (d)
actually or potentially interbreeding natural When synthetic process or constructive process
populations that are reproductively isolated from called anabolism exceeds destructive process of
other such groups under natural conditions. the body i.e., catabolism, growth will takes place,
which in turn proceeds development and body
181 (c) will function well
Kingdom-Monera of five kingdom classification 190 (a)
consists of blue-green algae, nitrogen fixing The suffix phyta indicates division
bacteria and methanogens 191 (a)
182 (c) Taxon can be defined as a group of organisms
The basic unit of classification is species. It is the with similar trait of any taxonomic rank like roses
lowest taxonomic category ad consists one or (genus), legumes (family), gymnosperm (class).
more natural populations closely related that According to Simpson, it is a group of real
individual of other population organisms recognized at a formal unit at any level
183 (d) in hierarchy
Taxonomic categories are the various grouping 192 (d)
levels or rank in classification like kingdom The arrangement of taxonomic categories is
(largest) and species (lowest category). So, here known as taxonomical hierarchy order either it is
division and phylum are categories descending or ascending
184 (d) 193 (b)
Prokaryote can be distinguished from eukaryotes According to Earnt Mayr species are group of
on basis of the absence of cell organelles like interbreeding natural populations that are
chloroplast mitochondria, chromosome, nucleus reproductively isolated from other such groups. It
and nuclear membrane contains most similar organisms
185 (d) 194 (a)
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species Regeneration was first observed in Hydra.
or individual. It plays a great role in classification. Planaria exhibits true regeneration. All these
It is the appropriate theoretical background for organisms show regeneration as a key feature
taxonomy and is quite essential in explaining all 195 (c)
the associations involved in classification. Reproduction is not essential for the survival of
Cladistics is exclusively based on phylogenetic individual. However,it is essential and required
characters. for the survival of population because the through
186 (a) this loss of life is compensated
Hierarchical system is used in classification by 196 (c)
majority of the biologist because each higher ICVCN is the abbreviation of international Code of
taxonomic category contain its below group, i.e., it Viral Classification and Nomenclature. ICNCP
reduce the volume of description in a catalogue of stands for International Code of Nomenclature for
animal and plants and character at larger category Cultivated Plants
need not to be repeated for smaller categories 197 (d)
187 (c) In a scientific name, the first name
The accurate arrangement of species in order to denote/indicates the generic name of the
descending specificity is organism, while second name indicates or stands
Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class for specific epithet or specific names
As in the taxonomical hierarchy similarity 198 (a)
increases from highest category to lowest Mangifera is the generic name of mango
category 199 (b)
Linnaeus system is an example for the artificial
P a g e | 11
 system of classification. Linnaeus also gave living surface or weight increase in livings, e.g.,
binomial nomenclature. In this, first part is mountains and sand dunes increase due to
generic name and second one is the specific name. accumulation of material on their surface
210 (d)
200 (c) Shark, snake, whale, reptile belong to phylum-
Mule a result of outbreeding interspecific Chordata.
hybridization and worker bee lack primary sex Insect, spider and shrimp belong to
organ. So, they are unable to do reproduction phylum−Arthropoda. Fish, snail, squid and slug
201 (a) are molluscans, while earthworm is annelids,
Species, phylum and class are all taxonomic millipede is arthropods, Hirudinaria is common
categories, while Asteraceae/Fabaceae are leech of phylum−Annelida
families 211 (a)
202 (a) Increase in size with rest 3, the living organisms
Prophage is the phage (viral genome) inserted undergo self-replication, also and this feature
into the circular bacterial genome or existing as makes them unique among all other forms
extra chromosomal plasmid 212 (c)
203 (d) Hooker proposed the concept of genus.
Flower is a specialized, modified shoot. Which has
evolved due to progressive specialization of 213 (c)
sporophyll. Sexual reproduction in angiosperm is Taxonic or systematic hierarchy may be defined
performed by these conservative part of flowers. as a series of different ranks placed descending
Hence, flower feature are commonly used for order. In other words, it is a system by which
identification various taxonomic categories are arranged in a
204 (a) proper descending order. Kingdom is the highest
Herbarium/Herbaria (Plu) are place/collection of rank and species is the lowest or basic rank, i.e.,
dried pressed and preserved (FAA solution) Kingdom>phylum/division>class>order>family
specimen of plants >genus>species.
205 (a)
The most important function of botanical garden 214 (c)
and its importance is that ex situ conservation of Generally size of a herbarium sheet is 30 × 45 cm.
plant is allowed there. These garden serve site of Which is slightly small than the size of American
recreation among nature conscious person herbarium (29 × 41 cm) and label size is 7 × 12
especially during flowering 215 (c)
206 (c) Out of four given categories, class is the largest
Genera Plantarum was written by Bentham and category. Therefore, can categorises rest three
Hooker, highest taxonomic category is kingdom in categories; order, family and genus
hierarchy. Term ‘Systematic’ was first time used Kingdom → Division/Phylum → Class → Order →
by Linnaeus Family → Genus → Species
207 (a) 216 (b)
RH Whittaker, an American taxonomist proposed ‘Species Plantarum’ includes names and
live kingdom classification. His five kingdom are description of 6000 species of 1000 genera of
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia plants. The binomial nomenclature given by
208 (c) Linnaeus was first used in Species Plantarum.
Kingdom-Monera of five kingdom classification 217 (b)
consists of blue-green algae, nitrogen fixing Reproduction by fragmentation can be best
bacteria and methanogens observed in protonema of mosses, filamentous
209 (c) algae and in the fungi
Growth is exhibited by living as well as non-living 218 (a)
organism. When increase is body mass is Presence of visceral slits is exhibited by both
considered as a criterian for growth this may be Chordata and adult Tunicata members
as the result of accumulation of material on non-

P a g e | 12
219 (a) 228 (b)
RH Whittaker, an American taxonomist proposed Organization level starts at sub-microscopic level
live kingdom classification. His five kingdom are and leads to population levels. Organization or
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia living being starts with atomic, i.e., sub-
220 (c) microscopic level and reaches to cells
The first phylogenetic system was proposed by (microscopic level), then become visible or
Eichler, who is famous for his work entitled microscopic with tissue and organs and then
‘BluthenDiagramme’ published in two volumes. reaches to conceptual level

221 (b)
Organization level starts at sub-microscopic level
and leads to population levels. Organization or
229 (a)
living being starts with atomic, i.e., sub-
Linnaeus proposed binomial nomenclature.
microscopic level and reaches to cells
According to this scientific name of organism
(microscopic level), then become visible or
consists of generic epithet and specific epithet,
microscopic with tissue and organs and then
e.g., 𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑜 𝑟𝑜ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑎.
reaches to conceptual level
230 (a)
In taxonomic categories family occupy the
position between class and species (lowest)
222 (b) family can accomodate different genera but
Out of four options, division occupy the largest or species are different like dog, jackal, wolf belong
top position in taxonomic hierarchy Kingdom- to same genera Cannis but species are different.
Division-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species But they belong to same class. More similar
223 (d) characteristic of order are grouped in same class
In taxonomical hierarchy similarity increases 231 (d)
from highest/largest category to lowest The correct sequence in the hierarchy of
categories. Therefore, division has least similar taxonomic categories in descending order is as
feature as compared to lower categories (species) follows:
224 (c)
Linnaeus not only laid of taxonomy but also Division → class → order → family → genus →
introduced binomial nomenclature. According to species.
this scientific name consists of two parts, the first 232 (c)
is the name of the ‘genus’ and the second is called In hierarchical system of classification phylum
the ‘specific epithet’ that identifies the particular and division occupy the same position which are
species within the genus. used in classification of animal and plant,
225 (b) respectively
In taxonomy, nomenclature of organisms is 233 (a)
possible only when the correct place and correct Species is a group of actually or potentially
name is known. i.e., organism must be described inbreeding population that are reproductively
correctly. This is identification and is the first step isolated from other such groups
in taxonomy 234 (a)
226 (a) The most important function of botanical garden
Increase in size with rest 3, the living organisms and its importance is that ex situ conservation of
undergo self-replication, also and this feature plant is allowed there. These garden serve site of
makes them unique among all other forms recreation among nature conscious person
227 (c) especially during flowering
Pantheraleo is scientific name of lion. Cannis is 235 (d)
genus (cat), Pisum is also generic name of sweet Nilgiri (TN) Biosphere reserve is the first
pea, Carnivora is order biosphere reserve of India. Nilgiri was declared

P a g e | 13
 biosphere reserve in 1986 Linnaean hierarchy as it was first proposed by C
236 (d) Linnaeus. There are seven obligate categories-
Father of Botany – Theophrastus Kingdom, Division (in plants) or Phylum (in
animals), Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species.
Father of Zoology/Biology – Aristotle
244 (d)
Father of Cytology – Robert Hooke. Although Bentham and Hooker’s system of
237 (a) classification is not phylogenetic one, yet Ranales
Group of organisms capable of interbreeding and placed in the beginning of dicotyledons. The
producing fertile offsprings but reproductively order-Ranales is generally regarded as primitive
isolated from other such group is called species. by most of the leading authors.

238 (d) 245 (c)

Nilgiri (TN) Biosphere reserve is the first Huxley is known as the father of neo-taxonomy.
biosphere reserve of India. Nilgiri was declared 246 (a)
biosphere reserve in 1986 The branch of taxonomy, which is based on
239 (a) cytology, is known as cytotaxonomy. It includes
Herbarium/Herbaria (Plu) are place/collection of the cytological study of chromosomes, i.e.,
dried pressed and preserved (FAA solution) number morphology, chromosome bahaviour, etc.
specimen of plants
240 (c) 247 (c)
Nature of protoplasmic composition is shared by Out of four given categories, class is the largest
all living organism at all taxonomic categories. category. Therefore, can categorises rest three
Mode of nutrition is peculiar feature of five categories; order, family and genus
kingdom classification Kingdom → Division/Phylum → Class → Order →
241 (d) Family → Genus → Species
Order is the assemblage of families which exhibit 248 (d)
a few similar characters. The similar characters John Hutchinson proposed a phylogenetic system
are less in number as compared to different of classification in 1926 and 1934 (dicots and
genera included in a family. For example, plant monocots) respectively in his book ‘The families
families like Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, etc. are of flowering plants’ which he revised in 1959.
included in order-Polimoniales mainly based on
floral character. In animals, order-Carnivora 249 (a)
includes families like Felidae and Canidae National Botanical Research Institute is located at
Lucknow.
Family has a group of related genera with less
number of similarities as compared to genus and 250 (c)
species. Cat and dog showing some similarities The prime source of taxonomic studies is
and some differences are placed into two different collection and identification of actual specimen.
families-Felidae and Canidae, respectively. Nomenclature the present scientific method of
naming the organism can be completed only when
242 (b) actual specimen is collected and identified
ICBN stands for International Code for Botanical 251 (d)
Nomenclature. Biological or scientific name are generally written
in italics at these are Greek or Latin words. The
243 (c) first word denotes genus and begin with capital
The framework system of classification in which letter, while second words denote species and
various taxonomic categories are arranged in an starts with small letters
order of logical sequence is called taxonomic 252 (c)
hierarchy, a taxonomic category of overall A species is a group of organisms, which are
taxonomic arrangement. All categories together closely related and sharing a common gene pool.
make taxonomic hierarchy. It is also called

P a g e | 14
 John Ray (1627-1705) introduced the term Pantheraleo is scientific name of lion. Cannis is
‘species’ for any shole kind of living thing. genus (cat), Pisum is also generic name of sweet
pea, Carnivora is order
253 (b) 264 (b)
Mangiferaindica, scientific name consists of two New systematics or biosystematics is concept of
words a generic and another specific name. It is systematics which brings out taxonomic affinities
binomial system of nomenclature. on the basis of evolutionary, genetic and
The first word denoting the genus start with morphological traits. New systematics brings out
capital letter, while specific epithets start with cladistics or phylogenetic classification
small letter 265 (c)
254 (c) Largest herbarium in the world is herbarium of
Metabolism is the sum of all the metabolic Royal Botanical Garden, Kew (London) which
activities in body, i.e., anabolism and catabolism. contains more than 6,00,000 specimens
Anabolism is constructive process, while 266 (d)
catabolism is a destructive process The general characteristic of life are growth,
255 (a) reproduction, consciousness, body organization
MABP stands for Man and Biosphere Programme metabolism, adaptation and death
256 (d) 267 (c)
In a scientific name, the first name ICNB stands for International Code of
denote/indicates the generic name of the Bacteriological Nomenclature
organism, while second name indicates or stands 268 (c)
for specific epithet or specific names ICNB stands for International Code of
257 (b) Bacteriological Nomenclature
Solanum and Panthera are genera of 269 (c)
family−Solanaceae and Felidae, respectively ICVCN is the abbreviation of international Code of
258 (a) Viral Classification and Nomenclature. ICNCP
0.1% mercuric chloride solution are used to stands for International Code of Nomenclature for
prevent fungal attack on herbarium nepthalene Cultivated Plants
and carbon disulphide are common pesticides 270 (c)
259 (d) Taxon is used represent any rank in taxonomic
Taxonomic categories are the various grouping hierarchy.
levels or rank in classification like kingdom Royal Botanical Garden is located at (Kew)
(largest) and species (lowest category). So, here London in England.
division and phylum are categories There are about 492 (approximately 504) wildlife
260 (c) sanctuaries and 89 national park in India. Rest
John Ray (1627-1705) an english biologist three statement are true
described about 18,500 plants is three volumes of 271 (a)
his book of HistoriaGeneralisPlantarum Experimental taxonomy is based on
261 (d) determination of genetic relationship, while
The general characteristic of life are growth, cytotaxonomy is based on cytological study of
reproduction, consciousness, body organization chromosomes, i.e., behavior, number and
metabolism, adaptation and death morphology of chromosomes
262 (c) 272 (b)
Binomial nomenclature provide a distinct and Botanical garden allows 𝑒𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢 conservation of
proper scientific name to organism, each gerplasm.
consisting of two words, first generic name and
second specific name, which are derived from 273 (a)
Latin language. In unicellular organisms like bacteria, algae
Scientific names are printed in italics and hand (unicellular) and Amoeba reproduction is increase
written name is underlined (zig zag) in number of cells. i.e., synonymous with growth
263 (c) 274 (a)

P a g e | 15
 In unicellular organisms like bacteria, algae The arrangement of taxonomic categories is
(unicellular) and Amoeba reproduction is increase known as taxonomical hierarchy order either it is
in number of cells. i.e., synonymous with growth descending or ascending
275 (b) 279 (b)
There are 14 reserve biosphere in India. Simlipal Binomial system of classification was based on
Biosphere reserve is located in Odisha morphological characteristic of an organism
276 (b) 280 (d)
SystemaNaturae was a work of Carolus Linnaeus. Umbelliferae of Apiaceae (carrot family) shows
He describe about 4330 species of animal in this, cup-shaped thalamus structure. Bentham and
while around 6000 species of plant had been Hooker in his classification placed it under series-
described in Species Plantarum Calyciflorae.
277 (c)
A natural taxon means a group of similar,
genetically, related organisms having certain
distinct characters from other groups. A genus
with single species is called monotypic genus
278 (d)

P a g e | 16
1) a 2) a 3) b 4) d 193) b 194) a 195) c 196) c
5) b 6) d 7) d 8) c 197) d 198) a 199) b 200) c
9) c 10) b 11) d 12) d 201) a 202) a 203) d 204) a
13) b 14) c 15) b 16) c 205) a 206) c 207) a 208) c
17) c 18) a 19) b 20) a 209) c 210) d 211) a 212) c
21) c 22) c 23) b 24) a 213) c 214) c 215) c 216) b
25) b 26) a 27) a 28) c 217) b 218) a 219) a 220) c
29) c 30) b 31) d 32) a 221) b 222) b 223) d 224) c
33) b 34) b 35) b 36) a 225) b 226) a 227) c 228) b
37) a 38) c 39) a 40) a 229) a 230) a 231) d 232) c
41) a 42) c 43) b 44) a 233) a 234) a 235) d 236) d
45) d 46) a 47) b 48) c 237) a 238) d 239) a 240) c
49) a 50) c 51) c 52) c 241) d 242) b 243) c 244) d
53) d 54) c 55) a 56) a 245) c 246) a 247) c 248) d
57) a 58) a 59) b 60) b 249) a 250) c 251) d 252) c
61) c 62) b 63) c 64) b 253) b 254) c 255) a 256) d
65) a 66) c 67) a 68) b 257) b 258) a 259) d 260) c
69) a 70) a 71) b 72) c 261) d 262) c 263) c 264) b
73) c 74) a 75) d 76) b 265) c 266) d 267) c 268) c
77) c 78) d 79) b 80) b 269) c 270) c 271) a 272) b
81) d 82) c 83) b 84) a 273) a 274) a 275) b 276) b
85) d 86) b 87) a 88) b 277) c 278) d 279) b 280) d
89) a 90) a 91) d 92) d
93) a 94) b 95) c 96) a
97) c 98) a 99) a 100) a
101) a 102) c 103) b 104) d
105) c 106) c 107) b 108) c
109) c 110) d 111) b 112) a
113) a 114) c 115) c 116) d
117) c 118) a 119) b 120) c
121) b 122) d 123) c 124) a
125) b 126) a 127) b 128) d
129) c 130) d 131) c 132) a
133) c 134) b 135) b 136) a
137) c 138) b 139) d 140) b
141) c 142) d 143) c 144) a
145) b 146) d 147) d 148) d
149) c 150) b 151) c 152) c
153) d 154) c 155) a 156) c
157) a 158) b 159) b 160) a
161) c 162) b 163) c 164) c
165) b 166) a 167) d 168) c
169) b 170) b 171) b 172) d
173) d 174) a 175) d 176) a
177) b 178) a 179) c 180) b
181) c 182) c 183) d 184) d
185) d 186) a 187) c 188) a
189) d 190) a 191) a 192) d
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