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Java Beginners Notes

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language that is platform-independent due to its use of bytecode and the Java Virtual Machine. The document covers fundamental concepts such as variables, data types, operators, control flow, arrays, methods, and introduces Object-Oriented Programming principles like classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Each section includes syntax examples and explanations to aid beginners in understanding Java programming.

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17 views5 pages

Java Beginners Notes

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language that is platform-independent due to its use of bytecode and the Java Virtual Machine. The document covers fundamental concepts such as variables, data types, operators, control flow, arrays, methods, and introduces Object-Oriented Programming principles like classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Each section includes syntax examples and explanations to aid beginners in understanding Java programming.

Uploaded by

Papa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java Basics for Beginners

Introduction to Java

Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to be easy for

developers to learn and write. It is used to create applications for various platforms. Java is

platform-independent because the compiled code (bytecode) runs on any machine that has the Java Virtual Machine

(JVM).

1. Variables and Data Types

Variables in Java are used to store data. Each variable must be declared with a specific data

type.

- int: Stores integers (whole numbers), e.g., int num = 5;

- double: Stores floating-point numbers, e.g., double price = 10.99;

- char: Stores single characters, e.g., char grade = 'A';

- boolean: Stores true or false values, e.g., boolean isJavaFun = true;

- String: Stores a sequence of characters, e.g., String name = "Java";

Example:

int age = 20;

double temperature = 36.5;

2. Operators

Operators in Java are used to perform operations on variables and values.

- Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %, ++, --


Example: int sum = 5 + 3; // sum is 8

- Comparison Operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=

Example: boolean isEqual = (5 == 3); // false

- Logical Operators: && (AND), || (OR), ! (NOT)

Example: boolean result = (5 > 3 && 5 < 10); // true

3. Control Flow

Control flow statements help you control the flow of execution in a program.

- if statement:

if (condition) {

// code to execute if condition is true

- else if and else:

if (condition1) {

// code for condition1

} else if (condition2) {

// code for condition2

} else {

// code if both conditions are false

- while loop:

while (condition) {

// code to be executed while the condition is true


}

- for loop:

for (initialization; condition; update) {

// code to be executed

Example:

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

System.out.println(i);

4. Arrays

An array is a collection of elements of the same type stored in a single variable. You access

elements by their index.

Syntax:

dataType[] arrayName = new dataType[arraySize];

Example:

int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

System.out.println(numbers[0]); // Output: 1

Arrays are zero-indexed, meaning the first element is at index 0.

You can also use loops to iterate through arrays:


for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {

System.out.println(numbers[i]);

5. Methods (Functions)

A method is a block of code that performs a specific task. It is reusable and helps organize

code.

Syntax:

returnType methodName(parameters) {

// code to execute

return value; // if required

Example:

public static int addNumbers(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

To call a method, you use:

int result = addNumbers(5, 3);

6. Introduction to OOP

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that is based on the

concept of 'objects'.
Key concepts:

- **Class**: A blueprint for creating objects. It defines properties (variables) and methods

(functions).

Example:

class Car {

String model;

int year;

void start() {

System.out.println("Car started.");

- **Object**: An instance of a class.

Example:

Car myCar = new Car();

- **Encapsulation**: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data within a class.

- **Inheritance**: A way to create new classes from existing ones.

- **Polymorphism**: Ability of methods to do different things based on the object they are

called on.

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