COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM-OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB

Bahria University,
Karachi Campus

COURSE: CSC-320 OPERATING SYSTEMS,

TERM: FALL 2018,
CLASS: BCE- 5(A).
COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM-LAB

TOPIC: ANDROID ARCHITECTURE

Submitted By:
Arjumand Saeed 02-132162-004
Isha Saghir 02-132162-013
Ume-Aiman 02-132162-038
Syed Adeel Ali 02-132162-031
(Name) (Enroll.No)

Submitted To:
Engr. Ali Ahmed
 COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM-OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB

ANDROID ARCHECTECTURE

INTRODUCTION:

With the wide-reaching production of mobile devices, consistency, accessibility, connectivity, as

well as presentation linked apprehensions, alike to the once met on traditional IT server schemes,
turn out to be dominant. On the smart-phone and internet-tablet side, one of the dissolute rising
resolutions are android built products. Basically android based systems get a large portion of
acquaintance in the media, there is a lot of saga surrounding the definite execution details. Some
individuals tag android as a linux solution, which actually does not imitate the actualities.
Android is based on modified linux 2.6 kernel. By the help of Linux 2.6 setting numerous
libraries and drivers have been either recently altered or newly established to let Android to run
as proficiently and as successfully as probable on mobile devices. The main emphasis has always
been on enhancing the structure based on the partial resources existing on mobile devices. To
balance the operating atmosphere, an android explicit application framework was intended and
employed. [3] [4]

ANDROID ARCHECTECTURAL COMPONENTS:

Android OS is a heap of software mechanisms which is mainly divided into five sections and
total four layers as shown below: [5]

1. Linux Kernel
2. Native Libraries (Middleware),
3. Android Runtime
4. Application Framework
5. Applications
 COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM-OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB

1. Linux Kernel:
At the end of these layers there exist Linux kernel which is usually associated with the vital
hardware drivers like keypad, display, camera etc not only Linux deals with the things
mentioned above but its good at networking related stuff and it also have a humongous array of
device drivers which plays an important part in peripheral hardware interfacing. [5]

2. Libraries:
Before Linux Kernel there’s another layer called as libraries which includes open-source web
browsing engine webkit it is also commonly known as library libc. There exists a database
which servers as a useful storage and sharing application data known as SQLite. These libraries
have a great impact on the execution of videos and recoding audio. Libararies named as SSL
libraries are in charge of Internet Security [1]

 Android Libraries:
This type have the libraries that are essential for Android development. For Example the
application framework libraries that simplify user interface building, graphics drawing and
database access. Some Andriod Libraries are available for android Developers are shown as
below: [1]

LIBRARIES FUNCTIONS

android.app Provide acces to the application model.

android.content Provide content access.

android.database Provide access to database- management classes including SQL.

android.opengl Provide java interface to the OpenGL ES 3D graphics rendering API.

android.os Provide access to operating system services.

android.text Used to extract and operate text on a monitor.

android.view Provide fundamental building blocks of user interfaces.

android.widget Provide pre-built java GUI components such as buttons, labels, list view,
layout and radio buttons etc.

android.webkit Provide access to allow web browsing abilities to be built into

android- applications.
 COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM-OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB

3. Android Runtime:
Before Linux Kernel there’s another layer of android architecture called a Android Runtime and
exist opposite to the libraries. Android runtime layer runs a virtual machine called dalvik virtual
machine(DVM) which is a type of java virtual machine especially considered for improvement
in Android

The DVM provides Linux central features like memory-management and multi threading which
is a essential part in the java language. The DVM allows every Android application to run in its
own process, with its own occurrence of the dalvik virtual machine(DVM).

This type of architecture also provides a set of main libraries which allow android applications
developers to develop android applications using fundamental java programming language and
libraries.[2]

4. Application Framework:
There is another layer in android architecture called android application framework which
provides several high level applications in the form of java-classes. android application
framework run in their particular virtual machine known as dalvik virtual machine and consist of
many components. Android applications developers have permission to use following services
in their applications: [1]

SERVICES FUNCTIONS

Activity Manager Controls all features of the android-application life cycle and
activity- stack.

Content Providers Allows applications to share data with other applications.

Resource Provides access to strings, color settings and user-interface

layouts.
Manager

Notifications Allows applications to display notifications to the user and also

Manager manage all notifications.

View System Provide a set of views used to create application user interfaces.
 COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM-OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB

5. Applications:
There is a top layer in android architecture known as Applications.This layer provides view of
installed applications only. For Example Contacts Books , Games , Browser etc. [5]

REFERENCES:
[ https://www.tutorialspoint.com/android/android_architecture.htm ]
[https://www.it.iitb.ac.in/frg/wiki/images/2/20/2010_braehler-
stefan_android_architecture.pdf ]

[ https://www.cmg.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/m_78_3.pdf ]

[ http://meseec.ce.rit.edu/551-projects/fall2015/1-3.pdf ]

[ https://www.javatpoint.com/android-software-stack ]