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Final Cep Lab

The document provides an overview of Android architecture, detailing its five main components: Linux Kernel, Native Libraries, Android Runtime, Application Framework, and Applications. It explains the role of each component, including how the Linux Kernel interfaces with hardware and how the Android Runtime utilizes the Dalvik Virtual Machine for application execution. The document emphasizes the importance of these components in optimizing Android for mobile devices and enhancing application development.

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zeeshan sarwar
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12 views4 pages

Final Cep Lab

The document provides an overview of Android architecture, detailing its five main components: Linux Kernel, Native Libraries, Android Runtime, Application Framework, and Applications. It explains the role of each component, including how the Linux Kernel interfaces with hardware and how the Android Runtime utilizes the Dalvik Virtual Machine for application execution. The document emphasizes the importance of these components in optimizing Android for mobile devices and enhancing application development.

Uploaded by

zeeshan sarwar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM-OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB

ANDROID ARCHECTECTURE

INTRODUCTION:

With the wide-reaching production of mobile devices, consistency, accessibility, connectivity, as


well as presentation linked apprehensions, alike to the once met on traditional IT server schemes,
turn out to be dominant. On the smartphone and internet tablet side, one of the dissolute rising
resolutions are Android built products (source digitimes 2010). While Android based systems get
a large portion of acquaintance in the media, there is a lot of saga surrounding the definite
execution details. Some individuals tag Android as a Linux solution, which actually does not
imitate the actualities. Android is based on a modified Linux 2.6 kernel. By the help of Linux 2.6
setting numerous libraries and drivers have been either recently altered or newly established to
let Android to run as proficiently and as successfully as probable on mobile devices. The main
emphasis has always been on enhancing the structure based on the partial resources existing on
mobile devices. To balance the operating atmosphere, an android explicit application framework
was intended and employed.

ANDROID ARCHECTECTURAL COMPONENTS:

Android OS is a heap of software mechanisms which is mainly divided into five sections and
total four layers as shown below:

1. Linux Kernel
2. Native Libraries (Middleware),
3. Android Runtime
4. Application Framework
5. Applications
COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM-OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB

1. Linux Kernel:
At the end of these layers there exist Linux kernel which is usually associated with the vital
hardware drivers like keypad, display, camera etc not only Linux deals with the things
mentioned above but its good at networking related stuff and it also have a humongous array of
device drivers which plays an important part in peripheral hardware interfacing.

2. Libraries:
Before Linux Kernel there’s another layer called as libraries which includes open-source web
browsing engine webkit it is also commonly known as library libc. There exists a database
which servers as a useful storage and sharing application data known as SQLite. These libraries
have a great impact on the execution of videos and recoding audio. Libararies named as SSL
libraries are in charge of Internet Security

 Android Libraries:
This type has the libraries that are essential for Android development. For Example the
application framework libraries that simplify user interface building, graphics drawing and
database access. Some Andriod Libraries are available for android Developers are shown as
below:

LIBRARIES FUNCTIONS

android.app Provide acces to the application model.

android.content Provide content access,publishing and messaging between applications


and application components.

android.database Use to access data includes SQL database management classes.

android.opengl Provide Java interface to the OpenGL ES 3D graphics rendering API.

android.os Provide applications to access operating system services.

android.text Used to extract and operate text on a device display.

android.view Provide fundamental building blocks of user interfaces.

android.widget Provide pre-built java GUI components such as buttons, labels, list view,
layout and radio buttons etc.

android.webkit Provide access to allow web-browsing abilities to be built into


applications.
COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM-OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB

3. Android Runtime:
Before Linux Kernel there’s another layer of android architeture called as Android Runtime and
exist on the second layer from the bottom opposite to libraries. This type of architecture
provides a virtual machine called Dalvik Virtual Machine which is a kind of Java Virtual
Machine especially designed for improvement in Android

The Dalvik VM use Linux core features like memory management and multi-threading, which
is essential part in the Java language. The Dalvik VM enables every Android application to run
in its own process, with its own occurrence of the Dalvik virtual machine.

The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries which allow Android application
developers to write Android applications using standard Java programming language and
libraries.

4. Application Framework:
There is another layer called Application Framework layer which provides many high-level
applications in the form of Java classes. Application developers have permission to use these
services in their applications. The Android framework have the following services for android
developers:

SERVICES FUNCTIONS

Activity Manager Controls all features of the application lifecycle and activity
stack.

Content Providers Allows applications to share data with other applications.

Resource Provides access to strings, color settings and user interface


layouts.
Manager

Notifications Allows applications to display notifications to the user.


Manager

View System Provide a set of views used to create application user interfaces.
COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM-OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB

5. Applications:
There is a top layer in android architecture known as Applications.This layer provides view of
installed applications only.For Example Contacts Books , Games , Browser etc.

REFERENCES:
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/android/android_architecture.htm

https://www.it.iitb.ac.in/frg/wiki/images/2/20/2010_braehler-
stefan_android_architecture.pdf

https://www.cmg.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/m_78_3.pdf

http://meseec.ce.rit.edu/551-projects/fall2015/1-3.pdf

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