Physics

Question 1:

A particle executes linear simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 2 cm. When
the particle is at a distance of 1 cm from the mean position, the magnitude of its
velocity is equal to that of its acceleration. Then, its time period in second is

1
a.
2√3π

b. 2√3π

2π
c.
√3

√3
d. 2π

Question 2:

1
2
mole of helium is contained in a container at STP. How much heat energy is
needed to double the pressure of the gas, keeping the volume constant? The heat
capacity of the gas is 3 J g − 1 K − 1.

Question 3:

A soap bubble of diameter 8 cm is formed in air. The surface tension of liquid is

0.03 N m − 1. The excess pressure inside the bubble is

a. 15 N m − 2

b. 3 N m − 2

c. 3 × 10 − 4 N m − 2

d. 1.2 N m − 2

Question 4:

The amplitude of a particle executing simple harmonic motion is 4 cm. At the mean
position, the speed of the particle is 16 cm s − 1. The distance of the particle from the
mean position at which the speed of the particle becomes 8√3 cm s − 1 will be
 a. 2√3 cm

b. √3 cm

c. 1 cm

d. 2 cm

Question 5:

Find the temperature at which root-mean-square speed of an oxygen molecule will

be sufficient to take it away from the surface of the earth.Given: escape speed from
the surface of the earth = 11.2 km s − 1, mass of an oxygen molecule
= 2.76 × 10 − 26 kg, Boltzmann constant = 1.38 × 10 − 23 J K − 1

a. 5.16 × 10 4K

b. 8.36 × 10 4K

c. 2.45 × 10 4K

d. 9.12 × 10 4K

Question 6:

A particle of mass 5 g is executing simple harmonic motion with amplitude 0.3 m

π
and time period 5 s. The maximum value of the force acting on the particle is

a. 5 N

b. 4 N

c. 0.15 N

d. 0.3 N

Question 7:

In deep space, sphere A of mass 20 kg is located at the origin of an x axis and

sphere B of mass 10 kg is located on the axis at x = 0.80 m. Sphere B is released
from rest while sphere A is held at the origin.

What is the kinetic energy of B when it has moved 0.20 m toward A ?

a. 2.13 × 10 − 8J

b. 4.54 × 10 − 7J
 c. 8.76 × 10 − 9J

d. 5.53 × 10 − 9J

Question 8:

A 95 kg solid sphere with a 15 cm radius is suspended by a vertical wire. A torque of

0.20 N ⋅ m is required to rotate the sphere through an angle of 0.85 rad and then
maintain that orientation. What is the period of the oscillations that result when the
sphere is then released?

a. 3.8π second

b. 3.2π second

c. 2.7π second

d. 1.3π second

Question 9:

Figure is an overhead view of a thin uniform rod of length 0.600 m and mass M
rotating horizontally at 80.0rad / s counterclockwise about an axis through its center.
A particle of mass M / 3.00 and traveling horizontally at speed 40.0 m / s hits the rod
and sticks. The particle's path is perpendicular to the rod at the instant of the hit, at a
distance d from the rod's center. At what value of d are rod and particle stationary
after the hit?

Question 10:

Figure shows two rigid vessels A and B, each of volume 200 cm 3 containing an

( )
ideal gas C V = 12.5 J / mol / K . The nesses are connected to a nanometer tube
containing mercury. The pressure in both the vessels is 75 cm of mercury and the
temperature is 300 K. 5.0 J of heat is supplied to the gas in the vessel A and 10 J to
the gas in the vessel B. Assuming no appreciable transfer of heat from A to B,
calculate the difference in the heights of mercury in the two sides of the manometer.
Gas constant R = 8.3 J / K / mol.
Question 11:

A sample of an ideal gas is taken through the cyclic process abca shown in Fig . The
scale of the vertical axis is set by p b = 7.5kPa and p a = 2.5kPa. At point
a, T = 200 K. many moles of gas are in the sample? What are the temperature of the
gas at point c

a. 2.0 × 10 2K

b. 6.0 × 10 2K

c. 3.0 × 10 2K

d. 8.0 × 10 2K

Question 12:

Two rods of different materials having a coefficient of linear expansion α 1 and α 2

and Young modulus Y 1 and Y 2 respectively are fixed between two rigid walls. The
rods are heated to the same high temperature. If α 1 : α 2 :: 2 : 3, the thermal stress in
Y1
the two rods is the same. Then, Y is
2

2
a. 3
1
b. 1
3
c. 2
 4
d. 9

Question 13:

The equation of a transverse wave traveling along a very long string is

y = 6.0sin(0.020πx + 4.0πt), where x and y are expressed in centimeters and t is in
seconds. Determine the maximum transverse speed of a particle in the string.

a. 45.87 cm / s

b. 89.67 cm / s

c. 75.39 cm / s

d. 11.45 cm / s

Question 14:

A satellite, moving in an elliptical orbit, is 360 km above Earth's surface at its

farthest point and 180 km above at its closest point. Calculate the eccentricity of the
orbit.

Question 15:

Five equal resistances each of value R are connected in a form shown in Fig. The
equivalent resistance of the network
R
(a) between points B and D is 2 .
(b) between points A and C is R.
(c) between points B and D is R.
R
(d) between points A and C is 2 .

a. Only (a)

b. Only (b)

c. Both (a) and (b)

 d. Both (a) and (c)

Question 16:

An arm with higher resistance will have maximum net resistance when three
identical bulbs of 60 W, 200 V rating are connected in series to a 200 V supply, the
power drawn by them will be

a. 60 W

b. 180 W

c. 10 W

d. 20 W

Question 17:

In a typical Wheatstone's network, the resistances in cyclic order are

P = 10Ω, Q = 5Ω, S = 4Ω and R = 4Ω. For the bridge to balance,

a. 10Ω should be connected in series with P.

b. 10Ω should be connected in parallel with P.

c. 5Ω should be connected in series with Q.

d. 5Ω should be connected in parallel with Q.

Question 18:

Write the SI unit of potential gradient.

a. K / m

b. V / m

c. V / m

d. K / L

Question 19:

A parallel-plate capacitor is charged. A dielectric is now fully embedded in it. In order

to maintain the potential difference, the charge has to be increased three times.
What is the value of dielectric constant?
Question 20:

In a potentiometer, for a cell of emf 1.5 V, the balance point is obtained at 42.0 cm
length. If the cell is replaced by another cell, the balance point is obtained at 63.0 cm
length. Find the emf of the second cell.

a. 2.25 V

b. 1.25 V

c. 5.75 V

d. 7.65 V

Question 21:

Let the length of a potentiometer wire be 10 cm and cell of emf E is balanced at a

10
length 3 cm from the positive end of the wire. If the length of the wire is increased
by 5 cm, at what distance (in cm ) from positive end will the same cell give a
balance point?

a. 2 cm

b. 5 cm

c. 4 cm

d. 6 cm

Question 22:

A capacitor is charged through a potential difference of 200 V, when 0.1 C of charge

is stored in it. How much energy will it release when it is discharged?

a. 10 J

b. 11 J

c. 6 J

d. 8 J

Question 23:

Assume that each atom of copper contributes one free electron. Density of Cu is
9 g / cm 3 and atomic weight is 63 g. If current flowing through a Cu wire of 1 mm
diameter is 1.1 A, drift velocity of electrons will be

a. 0.1 mm / s
 b. 0.2 mm / s

c. 0.3 mm / s

d. 0.5 mm / s

Question 24:

The potential difference across 70 cm length of a potentiometer wire balances the

potential difference across a 2Ω coil supplied by a cell of emf 2 V and internal
resistance r ohms. When a 1Ω coil is placed in parallel with the 2Ω coil, 50 cm of the
potentiometer wire is needed to balance the potential difference. across the parallel
combination. Find r.

a. r = 0.5Ω

b. r = 0.3Ω

c. r = 0.1Ω

d. r = 0.2Ω

Question 25:

An electric motor operating on a 50 V dc supply draws a current of 12 A. If the

efficiency of the motor is 30%, estimate the resistance of the windings.

a. 4.3Ω

b. 1.8Ω

c. 2.9Ω

d. 6.9Ω

Answers
 1 : (c) 2 : 1638 3 : (b) 4 : (d) 5 : (b) 6 : (c)
7 : (d) 8 : (a) 9 : 0.18 10 : 12.5 11 : (b) 12 : (c)
13 : (c) 14 : 0.0136 15 : (c) 16 : (d) 17 : (c) 18 : (c)
19 : 3 20 : (a) 21 : (b) 22 : (a) 23 : (a) 24 : (a)
25 : (c)

Explanations

Question 1 :

Given:
A = 2 cm
Y = 1 cm
The magnitudes of the velocity and acceleration of the particle when its displacement is Y are

ω √ (A2 − Y 2 ) and ω 2Y respectively.

Equating them, ω √ (A2 − Y 2 ) = ω 2Y
√ ( A2 − Y2 )
From which ω = Y
= √4 − 1 = √3
2π 2π
Period, T = ω =
√3

Question 2 :

1
Number of moles of Helium gas, n = 2

Specific heat of Helium gas, C V = 3Jg − 1K − 1

Molecular weight, M = 4
Temperature, T 1 = 273K
∴ Molar specific heat at constant volume = C V = MC V
CV = 4 × 3
C V = 12Jmol − 1K − 1
Since, volume is constant,

P∝ T or P
T
= Constant

∴ =
P2 P1
T2 T1
P = Pressure; T = Temperature
P2 T2
or P = T
1 1
P 2 = Final Pressure = 2P
P 1 = Initial Pressure = P
2P T2
P
= T
1
T2
T1
=2
T 2 = 2T 1
T 2 = 2 × 273
T 2 = 546K
ΔT = T 2 − T 1 = 546 − 273 = 273K
Now, Heat required, Q = nC VΔT
1
= 2 × 12 × 273
Heat required = 1638 J

Question 3 :

Given: Diameter of bubble = 8 cm

Radius (r) = 4 cm = 0.04 m

Surface tension (T) = 0.03Nm − 1

To find: Pressure inside bubble

If R is the radius of the bubble and T is its surface tension, then for the uncharged bubble
instability Force due to excess pressure = force produced due to surface tension. Therefore,
there is more pressure inside than outside.

Therefore the force due to surface tension

= 2 × 2πrT

At equilibrium, Pπr 2 = 2 × 2πrT

4T
So, P =
r

4T
Pi − P0 = r

4T
(
Excess pressure P i − P 0 ) = r

4 × 0.03
= 0.04

= 3Nm − 2
Question 4 :

At mean position velocity is maximum

i.e, v max = ωa

⇒ω=
v mar
a

16
= 4 =4

The velocity can also be represented as:

∴ v = ω √a 2 − y2

⇒ 8 √ 3 = 4 √4 2
− y2

⇒ 192 = 16 (16 − y ) 2

⇒ 12 = 16 − y 2

⇒ y = 2 cm

Question 5 :

3
As we know, Kinetic energy = 2 k BT

3 1
k T = 2 mv 2es
2 B

mv 2cn
Temperature, T = 3k … (i)
B

Here, escape velocity, v es = 11.2 km / s = 11.2 × 10 3 m / s

m = 2.76 × 10 − 26 kg (mass)

k B = 1.38 × 10 − 23JK − 1 (Boltzmann's constant)

Putting value in (i) so, we get,

( 11.2 × 10 ) 3 2
× 2.76 × 10 − 26
T=
3 × 1.38 × 10 − 23

346.2144 × 10 − 20
or, T =
4.14 × 10 − 21
∴ T = 8.36 × 10 K 4

Question 6 :

π
Given: Mass = 5g, Amplitude = 0.3m, Time period = 5 second

To find: maximum value of force

4π 2A
we know maximum acceleration = ω 2A =
T2

4π 2
= × 0.3
()
π
5
2

= 30 m / s 2

: Maximum force, f max = ma max

5
= 1000 × 30

= 0.15N

Question 7 :

Given: Mass of sphere A m A ( ) = 20Kg

Mass of sphere B m B ( ) = 10Kg
distance r i ( ) = 0.80 m
The gravitational Potential Energy is given by
Gm Am B
Ui = − ri
N − m2
Here, G = 6.67 × 10 − 11
kg 2
6.67 × 10 − 11 × 20 × 10
Ui = − 0.80
U i = − 1.67 × 10 8J
We have to calculate the kinetic energy of sphere B when it has moved a distance of 0.20 m
toward sphere A.
Since the energy is conserved, that means the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy must
be conserved.
Ki + Ui = Kf + Uf
Since B starts from rest and A is fixed. So K i = 0
Ui = Kf + Uf
 Gm Am B
The final Potential energy is U f = rJ
Here r f = 0.80 − 0.20 ⇒r f = 0.60 m

⇒K
Gm Am B
So, K f = U i + U f f = Ui + rf

( 6.67 × 10 − 11 × 20 × 10
)
K f = − 1.67 × 10 − 8J + 0.6 m
K f = 5.53 × 10 − 9J

Question 8 :

Given
m = 95kg, r = 15cm
τ = 0.20N − m, θ = 0.85rad
Torsional torque τ is given by
τ = − kθ
0.20 = − k × 0.85
| k | = 0.235N − mrad − 1

√
I
T = 2π k , I = moment of inertia

2
I = 5 mr 2 for sphere
2
I = 5 × 95 × (0.15) 2 ⇒ 0.85kgm 2

√
0.85
Now T = 2π
0.235

T = 2π × 1.9
T = 3.8π second

Question 9 :

Length of the rod, L = 0.6m

Mass of the rod, m 1 = M

Angular velocity of the rod, ω = 80rad / s

M
Mass of particle m 2 = 3

Speed of the particle = 40 m / s

Now moment of inertia of the rod about its center.

ML 2
I = 12

Using Angular Momentum Theorem

 → →
Iω = d × P

Iω = dPsin90 ∘

m 1L 2
12
× ω = dm 2V

Putting values we get,

M × ( 0.6 ) 2 M
80 × 12
= d × 3 × 40

40 × d = 20 × (0.6) 2

d = 0.18m

So, the value of d for rod and particle stationary after hit is 0.18 m

Question 10 :

In the above question, the data given are

Volume of gas in each vessel, V = 200 cm 3

Specific heat at constant volume of the gas C v = 12.5J / mol / K

Initial temperature of gas, T = 300K

Initial pressure of the gas, P = 75 cm of Hg

Heat is supplied to the gas, but dV is zero as the container has rigid wall. So,

dW = PΔV = 0

From the first law of thermodynamics that is the law of conservation of energy

dQ = dU

5 = nC vdT

5 = 0.008 × 12.5 × dT

dT = 50 for A

Since, the volume is constant

P PA
T
= T [For container A]
A

Q = nC vdT

Q
T = nC
v
75 P A × 0.008 × 12.5
300
= 5

75 × 5
P A = 300 × 0.008 × 12.5

= 12.5 cm of Hg

Again,

P PB
T
= T [For container B]
B

75 P B × 0.008 × 12.5
300
= 10

P B = 25 cm of Hg

The distance moved by the mercury is

P B − P A = 25 − 12.5 = 12.5 cm

Question 11 :

At a point a, we know enough information to compute n

pV ( 2500Pa ) ( 1.0 m )
3

n = RT = ( 8.31J / mol . K ) ( 200K ) = 1.5 mol [From figure]

With the new values of pressure and volume, and solve the ideal gas law for the new
temperature, or we could set up the gas law in terms of ratios (note: n a = n b and cancels out)

The temperature of the gas at point b,

P bV b Tb
P aV a
= T
a

⇒T b = (200K) 2.5kPa ( )(
7.5kPa 3.0m 3
1.0m 3 ) [From figure]

Which yields an absolute temperature at b of T b = 1.8 × 10 3K.

The temperature of the gas at point c

We choose to approach this using the gas law in ratio form

P cV c Tc
P aV a
= T
a
⇒T c ( )(
2.5kPa
= (200K) 2.5kPa
3.0 m 3
1.0 m 3 ) [From figure]

Which yields an absolute temperature at c of T c = 6.0 × 10 2K

Question 12 :

Δl = lαΔT
Δl
Strain = l = αΔT

Stress
Y = Strain

Stress = Y × strain

For the first rod

Stress = Y 1 × α 1ΔT

For the second rod

Stress = Y 2 × α 2ΔT

∴ Stress is equal for both rods.

Y 1α 1ΔT = Y 2α 2ΔT

Y1 α2
Y2
= α
1

Y1 3
Y2
= 2

Y1 : Y2 = 3 : 2

Question 13 :

Given, y = 6sin(0.02πx + 4πt)

On comparing with the standard equation

y = y msin(kx − ωt + ϕ)

ym = 6

∴ ω = 4π
So the maximum transverse speed,
u m = ωy m

⇒u m = 4π × 6

⇒u m = 24π

∴u m = 75.39 cm / s

Question 14 :

The satellite moves in an elliptical orbit about Earth. An elliptical orbit can be characterized by
its semi-major axis and eccentricity.

The greatest distance between the satellite and Earth's center (the apogee distance) and the
least distance (perigee distance) is respectively.

R a = R E + d a = 6.37 × 10 6 m + 360 × 10 3 m = 6.73 × 10 6 m

R p = R E + d p = 6.37 × 10 6m + 180 × 10 3m = 6.55 × 10 6m

Here R E = 6.37 × 10 6m is the radius of Earth.

The apogee and perigee distance are related to the eccentricity e by

R a = a(1 + e) and R p = a(1 − e)

( Ra + Rp )
Add to obtain R a + R p = 2a and a = 2

Subtract to R a − R p = 2ae. Thus,

Ra − Rp Ra − Rp
e= 2a
= R +R
a p

6.73 × 10 6m − 6.55 × 10 6m
=
6.73 × 10 6m + 6.55 × 10 6m

= 0.0136

Since e is very small, the orbit is nearly circular.

On the other hand, if e is close to unity, then the orbit would be a long, thin ellipse.

Question 15 :
For Resistance between B and D

1 1 1
= 2R + R + 2R

1+2+1
= 2R

R
R BD = 2

Resistance between A and C

It is a balanced whealstone bridge

∴ Resistance between B and D will not be considered. The circuit diagram can be drawn as
∴R AC = 2R‖2R

1 1 1
R AC
= 2R + 2R

R AC = R

So, both options (a) and (b) are correct.

Question 16 :

As we know that

V2
P= R

V2
R= P

Finding the equivalent resistance

R eq = R + R + R

⇒ V2
Pt
V2
= P + P + P
V2 V2

⇒ 1
Pt
1
= 60 + 60 + 60
1 1

⇒P t
60
= 3 = 20W

Question 17 :

Given that in the Wheatstone network, the resistances in cyclic order are
P = 10, Q = 5, S = 4, R = 4 for the bridge to balance.
We know that in a balanced Wheatstone bridge or network.

P R
Q
= S

10 4
5
= 4

2 = 1 is not balanced so we need to add 5 to Q then the circuit will be balanced.

So 5Ω should be connected in series with Q for the bridge to be balanced.

Question 18 :

A potentiometer is a long wire of length 4 to 10 metres with uniform cross-section of same

material throughout and considerable resistance. The resistance is thus uniform throughout. If
a fixed voltage is applied across this device, the voltage gets divided equally within equal
intervals of length. Hence, the voltage per unit length is constant.

V∝L
∴ V = KL
∴ =K V
L

K is potential gradient.

SI unit of voltage is Volt V, and length is metre m, so that SI unit of K is V / m

Question 19 :

Given: A charged parallel plate capacitor.

Value of dielectric constant (k) = ?

In order to maintain the potential difference V i = V f

Q1 Q2
C
= C×k [As, we know dielectric is inserted]

∴ Q
c
= c×k
3Q
[Q2 = 3Q ] [Q1 = Q ]
k=3

Hence, the value of k is 3 .

Question 20 :

Given,
Emf of the cell, E 1 = 1.5V

Balance point of the potentiometer, l 1 = 42 cm

The cell is replaced by another cell of emf E 2.

New balance point of the potentiometer, l 2 = 63 cm

The balance condition is given by the relation,

E1 l1
E2
= l
2

l2 63
E 2 = E 1 × l = 1.5 × 42 = 2.25 V
1

Therefore, emf of the second cell is 2.25 V.

Question 21 :

Let E 0 be the potential difference applied across the total length l( = 10 cm) of potentiometer
wire,

E0
Potential gradient in the first case = l

As per question, E = 3
l
()
E0
l
E0
= 3 …. (i)

E0 2E 0
Potential gradient in second case = 3l = 3l
2

If x is the desired length of potentiometer to balance the emf E of the cell, then

2E 0
E = x × 3l …… (ii)

From (i) and (ii), we have

E0 2E 0
3
= x × 3l

l 10
or x = 2 = 2 = 5 cm

Question 22 :

Given:
Potential difference, V = 200 V

Charge, q = 0.1C

To find: Energy will it release when it is discharged.

1
Energy stored is given by, E = qV
2

1
E = 2 × 0.1 × 200 = 10 J

when capacitor is discharged it will release same amount of energy.

So, energy released E = 10 J

Question 23 :

Given,

Each atom of copper contributes 1 free electron

Density of copper = 9 g / cm 3

Diameter of copper wire = 1 mm

Current flowing from the wire = 1.1 A

Number of atoms 63 g of copper will be = 6.023 × 10 23

We know that density is equals to mass per unit volume. So Volume

mass 63
= density = 9 = 7 cm 3 = 7 × 10 − 6 m 3

6.023 × 10 23
Hence n will be = = 0.86 × 10 29
7 × 10 − 6

(
Area = πr 2 = 3.14 × 0.5 × 10 − 3 ) 2
= 0.785 × 10 − 6

I
We know that drift velocity v d ( ) = neA , where I is current, A is area.

By substituting the values we get-

1.1
vd =
0.86 × 10 29 × 1.6 × 10 − 19 × 0.785 × 10 − 6

v d = 0.1 mm s − 1

Question 24 :

Let r be the internal resistance of the cell.

In the first case: Current sent by cell through 2Ω coil,

em.f. 2
I 1 = total resistance = 2 + r

Potential drop acorss 2Ω coil,

2 4
V1 = 2 × I1 = 2 × 2 + r = 2 + r

Now, V 1 = 70 cm

4
or 2 + r = 70… (i)

In the second case: Let R p be the resistance of the parallel combination of 2Ω and 1 coils. Then,

2×1 2
Rp = 2 + 1 = 3 Ω

Current sent by the cell through R p ′

e.m.f. 2
I 2 = total resistance = 2
( 3 ) +r

Potential drop across R p

2 2 4
V2 = Rp × I2 = 3 × 2 = 2 + 3r
( 3 ) +r

Now, V 2 = 50 cm

4
or 2 + 3r = 50… (ii)

Dividing the equation (i) by (ii), we have

4 2 + 3r 70
2+r
× 4
= 50

or r = 0.5Ω

Question 25 :

Power drawn by the motor is P = VI = 50 × 12 = 600W

As efficiency is 30%, therefore,power dissipated as heat is 70% of this power

70
Power loss = 100 × 600 = 420 W

This power is lost in the form of heat in the resistance.

I 2R = 420
(12) 2R = 420 or R = 2.9Ω