REGD.

NO:238W1A5446 23AI&DS4354 DATA SCIENCE USING PYTHON LABORATORY ACADEMIC YEAR: 2024-2025

Lab Session 02: The Shape and Reshaping of NumPy Array

Date of the Session: / / Time of the Session: 10:20AM to 01:00PM

Program Title: The Shape and Reshaping of NumPy Array

Pre-Lab Task: Write answers before entering into lab.

Writing space for pre task :( For Student’s use only)
1. What is the difference between the .shape, .size, and .ndim attributes of a NumPy array?
A: Example: Given an array np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]), determine its shape, size, and dimensions.
The .shape, .size, and .ndim attributes of a NumPy array provide different types of information about the
array:
.shape: Returns a tuple representing the dimensions (shape) of the array. It shows the number of
elements along each axis.

 .size: Returns the total number of elements in the array (product of the dimensions).
 .ndim: Returns the number of dimensions (axes) of the array.
Example:
Given the array np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]):
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
print(arr.shape)
print(arr.size)
print(arr.ndim)

Output:
(2, 3)
6
2

2. Why does reshaping a NumPy array require the total number of elements to remain constant?
A: Example: If you have a 1D array with 12 elements, can you reshape it into a (3, 5) array? Why or
why not?

Reshaping a NumPy array requires the total number of elements to remain constant because the
underlying data is not changed, only its layout.

For example, a 1D array with 12 elements cannot be reshaped into a (3, 5) array because 3 * 5 = 15,
which doesn't match the original 12 elements.

3. What are the potential issues when reshaping or flattening a NumPy array?
A: Example: Given the array arr = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]), what would happen if you attempt
arr.reshape(4, 2)?

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REGD. NO:238W1A5446 23AI&DS4354 DATA SCIENCE USING PYTHON LABORATORY ACADEMIC YEAR: 2024-2025

The potential issue when reshaping a NumPy array is that the total number of elements must remain the
same. If you try to reshape an array into a shape that requires a different number of elements, NumPy
will raise a ValueError.

For example, reshaping a 6-element array into shape (4, 2) would cause an error because it requires
8 elements.

4. What is the purpose of flattening an array, and when might it be necessary in real-world
applications?
A: Example: Consider a 2D image represented as a 2D array. How would flattening help in image
processing tasks?

Flattening an array is useful for transforming multi-dimensional data into a single line of values,
making it easier to process or input into algorithms that require 1D data.
In Image Processing:

 For Machine Learning: Models like neural networks require image data to be flattened into 1D
arrays before processing, because they typically work with vectorized data.
 Data Transformation: Flattening makes it easier to manipulate or transform the image, e.g., by
applying mathematical operations or reshaping it for certain tasks.

For example, flattening a 2D image:

image = np.array([[255, 128, 64], [32, 0, 255]]) # Shape: (2, 3)
flattened_image = image.flatten() # Result: [255, 128, 64, 32, 0, 255]

This flattened array can then be used in models, stored, or transformed more easily.

5. How does the transpose operation affect the structure of a 2D array?

A: Example: If arr = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]), what is the result of arr.T?
The transpose operation swaps the rows and columns of a 2D array.
For example:
arr = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])
transposed_arr = arr.T
Result:
[[1 3 5]
[2 4 6]]
This changes the shape from (3, 2) to (2, 3), converting rows into columns and vice versa.

In Lab Task: Creating a NumPy Array

a. Dimensions of NumPy array

Code:
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
print(arr.ndim)

Output:
2

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REGD. NO:238W1A5446 23AI&DS4354 DATA SCIENCE USING PYTHON LABORATORY ACADEMIC YEAR: 2024-2025

b. Shape of NumPy array

Code:
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
print(arr.shape)

Output:
(2, 3)

c. Size of NumPy array

Code:
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
print(arr.size)

Output:
6

d. Reshaping a NumPy array

Code:
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
reshaped_arr = arr.reshape(2, 3)
print(reshaped_arr)

Output:
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]

e. Flattening a NumPy array

Code:
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
flat_arr = arr.flatten()
print(flat_arr)

Output:
[1 2 3 4 5 6]

f. Transpose of a NumPy array

Code:
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6]])
transposed_arr = arr.T

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REGD. NO:238W1A5446 23AI&DS4354 DATA SCIENCE USING PYTHON LABORATORY ACADEMIC YEAR: 2024-2025

print(transposed_arr)

Output:
[[1 4]
[2 5]
[3 6]]

Post Lab Task:

1. Explain the difference between a 1D array and a flattened version of a 2D array.

Example: Create a 2D array of shape (2, 3) and flatten it. Verify if the results match a 1D array
created using np.array([elements]).

A 1D array is a single-dimensional array with one axis, while a flattened 2D array is a 1D array
obtained by converting a 2D array into a single sequence of elements.
Example:
import numpy as np
arr_2d = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
flattened_arr = arr_2d.flatten()
arr_1d = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
print(np.array_equal(flattened_arr, arr_1d))
Both the flattened array and the manually created 1D array contain the same elements and are equal.

2. Provide a step-by-step explanation for reshaping a 1D array into a 3D array.

Example: Given arr = np.arange(12), reshape it into a (2, 2, 3) array and explain each step.

To reshape a 1D array into a 3D array:

 Create the 1D array: arr = np.arange(12) (12 elements).
 Check the shape: The total number of elements must match the desired shape. For (2, 2, 3), 2 * 2 * 3
= 12, which matches.
 Reshape the array: Use arr.reshape(2, 2, 3) to convert it into a 3D array.
Example:
arr = np.arange(12)
reshaped_arr = arr.reshape(2, 2, 3)
print(reshaped_arr)

Output:
[[[ 0 1 2]
[ 3 4 5]]
[[ 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11]]]

3. Transpose a 2D array and verify its result by comparing rows and columns.

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REGD. NO:238W1A5446 23AI&DS4354 DATA SCIENCE USING PYTHON LABORATORY ACADEMIC YEAR: 2024-2025

Example: Given arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]), calculate the transpose and explain how the
rows become columns.

To transpose a 2D array, we swap its rows and columns.

Example:
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
transposed_arr = arr.T
print(transposed_arr)

Output:
[[1 4]
[2 5]
[3 6]]
Explanation:
 The first row [1, 2, 3] becomes the first column [1, 4].
 The second row [4, 5, 6] becomes the second column [2, 5].

4. Why might flattening and reshaping operations be important in machine learning pipelines?
Example: Consider a dataset where each sample is a 2D array. Why would you need to flatten the
samples before inputting them into a linear model?

Flattening and reshaping are important in machine learning because models like linear regression
expect input data in a 1D format. Flattening a 2D array (e.g., an image) converts it into a 1D vector,
making it compatible with such models.
Example:
For an image of shape (28, 28), flattening it to a 1D vector of 784 values (28 * 28) is necessary
before feeding it into a linear model.

Students Signature
(For Evaluator’s use only)
Comment of the Evaluator (if Any) Evaluator’s Observation
Marks Secured:_______ out of ________

Signature of the Evaluator with Date

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