Combination Circuits Summary

Combination circuits involve both series and parallel resistors. To solve them,
we often break the circuit into simpler parts, solving for equivalent
resistances in parallel first, then combining them in series.

Step-by-Step Solution Process:

1. Simplify the Circuit: Start by simplifying the circuit step-by-step.

o Identify which resistors are in parallel and combine them into an

equivalent resistance.

o Once parallel groups are reduced, combine them with other

resistors that are in series.

2. Parallel Resistor Formula: For resistors in parallel, the equivalent

resistance Req is found using the reciprocal formula:

1 / Req = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 + 1 / R3 + ...

3. Series Resistor Formula: For resistors in series, the equivalent

resistance Req is the sum of all resistances:

Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + ...

4. Apply Ohm's Law: Once you have the total resistance, you can find the
total current in the circuit using Ohm's Law:

I = V / R_total

Where:

o I is the total current

o V is the total voltage

o R_total is the total resistance

5. Voltage Division: For resistors in series, the voltage across each resistor
can be found using the voltage divider rule:

Vx = (Rx / R_total) * V_total

Where:

o Vx is the voltage across resistor Rx

o V_total is the total voltage across the entire series circuit

 6. Current Division: For resistors in parallel, the current through each
branch can be calculated using the current divider rule:

Ix = I_total * (Req / Rx)

Where:

o Ix is the current through the resistor Rx

o I_total is the total current entering the parallel group

Practice Problem 1: Simple Combination Circuit

Problem:

You are given a circuit with the following resistors:

 R1 = 10 Ω

 R2 = 20 Ω

 R3 = 30 Ω

 R4 = 40 Ω

The resistors are connected as follows:

 R1 and R2 are in parallel,

 R3 and R4 are in series,

 The parallel combination of R1 and R2 is in series with R3 and R4.

You are given a voltage V = 60 V. Find the total current in the circuit.

Solution:

1. Step 1: Find the equivalent resistance of R1 and R2 in parallel:

1 / R_12 = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 = 1 / 10 + 1 / 20 = 3 / 20

R_12 = 20 / 3 = 6.67 Ω

2. Step 2: Find the total resistance of the circuit:

R_total = R_12 + R3 + R4 = 6.67 + 30 + 40 = 76.67 Ω

3. Step 3: Use Ohm's law to find the total current:

I = V / R_total = 60 / 76.67 = 0.783 A

Answer: The total current is 0.783 A.

Practice Problem 2: More Complex Combination Circuit

Problem:

You have the following resistors:

 R1 = 10 Ω

 R2 = 20 Ω

 R3 = 30 Ω

 R4 = 40 Ω

 R5 = 50 Ω

The circuit is configured as follows:

 R1 is in series with the parallel combination of R2 and R3.

 The result is in series with R4, which is in parallel with R5.

 You are given a total voltage of V = 100 V. Find the total current and
the voltage across each resistor.

Solution:

1. Step 1: Simplify the parallel combination of R2 and R3:

1 / R_23 = 1 / R2 + 1 / R3 = 1 / 20 + 1 / 30 = 1 / 12

R_23 = 12 Ω

2. Step 2: Add R1 in series with R23:

R_123 = R1 + R_23 = 10 + 12 = 22 Ω

3. Step 3: Combine R4 and R5 in parallel:

1 / R_45 = 1 / R4 + 1 / R5 = 1 / 40 + 1 / 50 = 9 / 200

R_45 = 200 / 9 ≈ 22.22 Ω

4. Step 4: Add R123 and R45 in series:

R_total = R_123 + R_45 = 22 + 22.22 = 44.22 Ω

 5. Step 5: Use Ohm's law to find the total current:

I = V / R_total = 100 / 44.22 ≈ 2.26 A

6. Step 6: Find the voltage across each resistor:

o For the voltage across R1 and R23, use the voltage divider rule:

V_R1 = (R1 / R_123) * V = (10 / 22) * 100 ≈ 45.45 V

V_R23 = (R_23 / R_123) * V = (12 / 22) * 100 ≈ 54.55 V

o The voltage across R4 and R5 (since they are in parallel) is the

same:

V_R4 = V_R5 = (R_45 / R_total) * V = (22.22 / 44.22) * 100 ≈ 50 V

Practice Problem 3: Complex Combination Circuit with Multiple Branches

Problem:

Consider a combination circuit with the following resistors:

 R1 = 10 Ω

 R2 = 30 Ω

 R3 = 40 Ω

 R4 = 50 Ω

 R5 = 60 Ω

 R6 = 70 Ω

The circuit configuration is:

 R1 is in series with R2,

  R3 and R4 are in parallel,

 The parallel combination of R3 and R4 is in series with R5,

 Finally, this combination is in parallel with R6,

 The total voltage V = 120 V.

Find the total current in the circuit.

Solution:

1. Step 1: Find the equivalent resistance of R3 and R4 in parallel:

makefile

1 / R_34 = 1 / R3 + 1 / R4 = 1 / 40 + 1 / 50 = 9 / 200

R_34 = 200 / 9 ≈ 22.22 Ω

2. Step 2: Combine R34 with R5 in series:

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R_345 = R_34 + R5 = 22.22 + 60 = 82.22 Ω

3. Step 3: Combine R1 and R2 in series:

makefile

R_12 = R1 + R2 = 10 + 30 = 40 Ω

4. Step 4: Combine R12 with R345 in series:

makefile

R_12345 = R_12 + R_345 = 40 + 82.22 = 122.22 Ω

5. Step 5: Combine R12345 with R6 in parallel:

1 / R_total = 1 / R_12345 + 1 / R6 = 1 / 122.22 + 1 / 70

R_total ≈ 47.38 Ω
 6. Step 6: Use Ohm's law to find the total current:

I = V / R_total = 120 / 47.38 ≈ 2.53 A

Answer: The total current is 2.53 A.

Ohm’s Law and Basic Resistor Calculations

1. Basic Ohm's Law

A 12 V battery is connected to a 6 Ω resistor. What is the current
flowing through the resistor?
2. Resistor and Voltage
If a 10 Ω resistor is connected to a 24 V battery, what is the power
dissipated by the resistor?

3. Current Calculation
A 4 Ω resistor is connected to a 16 V battery. What is the current
flowing through the circuit?

4. Voltage Calculation
A 5 A current flows through a 3 Ω resistor. What is the voltage across
the resistor?

5. Power Calculation
A 100 W light bulb operates with a 120 V supply. What is the current
flowing through the light bulb?
 6. Ohm’s Law Application
A 24 V battery is connected to a resistor of unknown resistance. If the
current measured is 2 A, what is the resistance?

7. Resistor Power
What is the power dissipated by a 10 Ω resistor when a 9 V potential
difference is applied across it?

Series Circuits

8. Series Circuit Total Resistance

In a series circuit, a 10 Ω, a 20 Ω, and a 30 Ω resistor are connected.
What is the total resistance?

9. Series Circuit Current

A 15 V battery is connected to three resistors in series: 5 Ω, 10 Ω, and
15 Ω. What is the total current in the circuit?
10. Voltage Drop in Series
In a series circuit with a 20 V battery and two resistors (5 Ω and 15 Ω),
what is the voltage drop across the 5 Ω resistor?

11. Power in Series Circuit

A 12 V battery is connected to a 4 Ω resistor. What is the power
dissipated in the resistor?

12. Current in Series Circuit

A 9 V battery is connected to three resistors in series: 3 Ω, 2 Ω, and 1
Ω. What is the current flowing through the circuit?

13. Voltage Distribution

In a series circuit with a 24 V battery and resistors of 6 Ω, 12 Ω, and 18
Ω, what is the voltage across the 12 Ω resistor?

14. Total Power in Series

What is the total power dissipated by the circuit when three resistors
(10 Ω, 20 Ω, and 30 Ω) are connected in series to a 30 V battery?
Parallel Circuits

15. Parallel Circuit Total Resistance

Three resistors, 10 Ω, 20 Ω, and 30 Ω, are connected in parallel. What
is the total resistance?

16. Parallel Circuit Current

A 12 V battery is connected to resistors of 4 Ω, 8 Ω, and 12 Ω in
parallel. What is the total current supplied by the battery?

17. Voltage in Parallel Circuit

In a parallel circuit with resistors of 6 Ω, 12 Ω, and 18 Ω, what is the
voltage across each resistor if the total voltage is 24 V?

18. Power Dissipated in Parallel

In a parallel circuit with resistors of 4 Ω, 8 Ω, and 16 Ω connected to a
24 V source, what is the power dissipated by the 4 Ω resistor?

19. Current in Parallel Circuit

In a parallel circuit with a 24 V battery and resistors of 6 Ω and 3 Ω,
what is the total current supplied by the battery?
 20. Total Power in Parallel Circuit
In a parallel circuit with resistors of 10 Ω, 20 Ω, and 30 Ω connected to
a 30 V battery, calculate the total power dissipated.

21. Current through Each Resistor

In a parallel circuit with a 10 V battery, calculate the current through
each resistor (10 Ω and 5 Ω).

22. Total Resistance in Parallel

Three resistors, 5 Ω, 10 Ω, and 15 Ω, are connected in parallel to a 30 V
source. What is the total resistance of the circuit?

Combination Circuits

23. Combination Circuit Resistance

A circuit has a 10 Ω resistor in series with a combination of 5 Ω and 15
Ω resistors in parallel. What is the total resistance of the circuit?
24. Finding Current in Combination Circuit
A 30 V battery is connected to a series combination of 10 Ω and 5 Ω
resistors, with a 20 Ω resistor in parallel to the 10 Ω resistor. What is
the total current?

25. Voltage Drop in Combination Circuit

A combination circuit has a 24 V battery, with a 6 Ω resistor in series
with a parallel combination of a 3 Ω and 9 Ω resistor. What is the
voltage drop across the parallel combination?

26. Total Current in Combination Circuit

A 24 V battery is connected to a 10 Ω resistor in series with a parallel
combination of a 15 Ω and a 30 Ω resistor. What is the total current?

27. Power Dissipated in Combination Circuit

In a combination circuit with a 20 V battery, calculate the power
dissipated by the 10 Ω resistor in a series-parallel configuration where
10 Ω is in series with a parallel combination of 20 Ω and 30 Ω resistors.

28. Current through a Resistor in Combination Circuit

A 36 V battery is connected to a combination of resistors: a 12 Ω
resistor in series with a parallel combination of 18 Ω and 24 Ω resistors.
What is the current through the 18 Ω resistor?
 29. Finding Resistance in Combination Circuit
A combination circuit has a 50 V battery, with a 15 Ω resistor in series
with a parallel combination of 10 Ω and 5 Ω resistors. What is the total
resistance?

30. Voltage Drop in Combination Circuit

In a combination circuit with a 48 V battery, a 10 Ω resistor is in series
with a parallel combination of a 5 Ω and 20 Ω resistor. What is the
voltage drop across the 5 Ω resistor?

Advanced Calculations in Combination Circuits

31. Power in Combination Circuit

A 12 V battery is connected to a circuit containing a 4 Ω resistor in
series with a parallel combination of 6 Ω and 8 Ω resistors. What is the
power dissipated in the circuit?

32. Total Resistance and Current in Combination Circuit

A circuit contains a 12 Ω resistor in series with a parallel combination
 of 4 Ω and 8 Ω resistors. The circuit is powered by a 24 V battery. What
is the total current in the circuit?

33. Voltage across a Resistor in Combination Circuit

In a combination circuit with a 36 V battery, a 5 Ω resistor is in series
with a parallel combination of 10 Ω and 20 Ω resistors. What is the
voltage across the 10 Ω resistor?

34. Current through a Parallel Resistor in Combination Circuit

A 30 V battery is connected to a 12 Ω resistor in series with a parallel
combination of 8 Ω and 16 Ω resistors. What is the current through the
8 Ω resistor?

35. Current Distribution in Combination Circuit

A 48 V battery is connected to a combination circuit where a 12 Ω
resistor is in series with a parallel combination of 18 Ω and 36 Ω
resistors. What is the current through each resistor?
36. Power Dissipation in Combination Circuit
A 24 V battery is connected to a series combination of a 4 Ω resistor
and a parallel combination of 6 Ω and 12 Ω resistors. What is the total
power dissipated in the circuit?

37. Finding Current in Complex Combination Circuit

In a combination circuit with a 48 V battery, a 10 Ω resistor is in series
with a parallel combination of 20 Ω and 30 Ω resistors. What is the
current in the entire circuit?

38. Voltage Drop in Parallel Resistor in Combination Circuit

A 24 V battery is connected to a combination circuit with a 10 Ω
resistor in series and a parallel combination of 4 Ω and 12 Ω resistors.
What is the voltage drop across the 12 Ω resistor?

39. Total Power in Complex Circuit

In a combination circuit with a 36 V battery, a 5 Ω resistor is in series
with a parallel combination of 10 Ω and 15 Ω resistors. What is the total
power dissipated in the circuit?
40. Calculating Power in Combination Circuit
A combination circuit has a 24 V battery, a 4 Ω resistor in series with a
parallel combination of 6 Ω and 12 Ω resistors. What is the power
dissipated by the 6 Ω resistor?

41. Combining Series and Parallel Resistors

A 48 V battery is connected to a circuit consisting of a 6 Ω resistor in series with a
parallel combination of 10 Ω and 20 Ω resistors. What is the total current flowing through
the circuit?
42. Finding Total Power in a Complex Circuit
In a combination circuit with a 36 V battery, a 12 Ω resistor is in series with a parallel
combination of 15 Ω and 25 Ω resistors. What is the total power dissipated by the circuit?

43. Voltage across Resistors in Combination Circuit

A 36 V battery is connected to a circuit with a 12 Ω resistor in series with a parallel
combination of 6 Ω and 24 Ω resistors. What is the voltage across the 24 Ω resistor?

44. Power Dissipated in Multiple Resistors

In a circuit with a 20 V battery, a 5 Ω resistor is in series with a parallel combination of
10 Ω and 15 Ω resistors. What is the total power dissipated in the entire circuit?
45. Determining Total Resistance in Series-Parallel Circuit
A circuit contains a 30 V battery, a 10 Ω resistor in series with a parallel combination of a
5 Ω and a 20 Ω resistor. What is the total resistance of the circuit?

46. Current through a Resistor in Series-Parallel Combination

In a circuit with a 60 V battery, a 4 Ω resistor is in series with a parallel combination of 8
Ω and 12 Ω resistors. What is the current flowing through the 8 Ω resistor?

47. Current in a Series-Parallel Circuit

A circuit has a 48 V battery, a 12 Ω resistor in series with a parallel combination of 24 Ω
and 36 Ω resistors. What is the total current flowing in the circuit?

48. Calculating Total Resistance in Mixed Circuit

A 24 V battery is connected to a series combination of a 6 Ω resistor and a parallel
combination of 3 Ω and 9 Ω resistors. What is the total resistance of the circuit?
49. Power Calculation in Series-Parallel Circuit
In a combination circuit with a 24 V battery, a 10 Ω resistor is in series with a parallel
combination of 20 Ω and 40 Ω resistors. What is the power dissipated in the entire
circuit?

50. Final Calculation for Complex Circuit

A 48 V battery is connected to a combination circuit with a 5 Ω resistor in series with a
parallel combination of 10 Ω and 15 Ω resistors. What is the current flowing through the
entire circuit?