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Quadratic Inequalities LESSON

The document provides an overview of solving quadratic inequalities, including the importance of sketching the graph and determining the concavity of the curve. It outlines the steps to solve these inequalities, such as rearranging the equation, finding roots, and deciding the relevant regions above or below the x-axis. Examples and exercises are included to reinforce understanding of the concepts presented.

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olaitanidowu862
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14 views3 pages

Quadratic Inequalities LESSON

The document provides an overview of solving quadratic inequalities, including the importance of sketching the graph and determining the concavity of the curve. It outlines the steps to solve these inequalities, such as rearranging the equation, finding roots, and deciding the relevant regions above or below the x-axis. Examples and exercises are included to reinforce understanding of the concepts presented.

Uploaded by

olaitanidowu862
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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com

Quadratic Inequalities
Starter
1. (Review of last lesson)
Label the region R that satisfies the inequalities x < 2 and x + y ≥ 1

Notes
A quadratic inequality includes a term in x 2 (e.g. x 2 − x − 12 ≤ 0) or when brackets are
expanded there will be a term in x 2 (e.g. (x − 3)(x + 4) > 0).

To solve quadratic inequalities, we need to sketch the graph.

E.g. 1 Use the sketch of the graph of y = (x − 3)(x + 4)


to solve the inequality (x − 3)(x + 4) > 0.

Sketching quadratic graphs


To sketch a quadratic graph of the curve y = a x 2 + bx + c it is important to know the roots (i.e.
where it crosses the x− axis) and whether the curve is concave-up or concave-down.

To find the roots: factorise or use the formula

N.B. If (x − k) is a factor ⟺ x = k is a root

Concave-up or concave-down
Coefficient of x 2 is > 0 ⇒ concave-up Coefficient of x 2 is < 0 ⇒ concave-down

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E.g. 2 Sketch the graphs of: (a) y = (x + 2)(x − 1) (b) y = − (x + 3)(x − 2)
Working: (a) y = (x + 2)(x − 1)
(x + 2) is a factor ⟺ x = − 2 is a root
(x − 1) is a factor ⟺ x = 1 is a root

Expanding the brackets the


coefficient of x 2 is 1 which is >0
⇒ concave-up

Success Criteria: solving quadratic inequalities


1. If necessary, rearrange so that the coefficient of x 2 is positive and the RHS is zero
2. Replace the inequality sign by an “=” sign and solve to find the roots.
3. Sketch the graph of the quadratic, using the roots as critical values and decide whether
the curve is concave-up or concave-down
4. Decide whether you need the part above or below the x− axis
> 0 or ≥ 0 ⇒ above the x− axis
< 0 or ≤ 0 ⇒ below the x− axis
5. Write the solution in set notation

E.g. 3 Using your graphs from E.g. 2, solve the inequalities:


(a) (x + 2)(x − 1) > 0 (b) −(x + 3)(x − 2) ≥ 0
Try and give your answer in set notation.

Working: (a) > 0 so above the x− axis


This happens when x < − 2 and x > 1
In set notation: {x : x < − 2, x > 1}

E.g. 4 Solve the inequality x 2 − x − 12 ≤ 0.


Hint: Solve x 2 − x − 12 = 0 to find the roots.

Video: Quadratic inequalities

Solutions to Starter and E.g.s

Exercise
9-1 class textbook: p515 E16.3 Qu 1-9
A*-G class textbook: No exercise
9-1 homework book: p174 E16.3 Qu 1-9
A*-G homework book: No exercise

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Summary
If (x − k) is a factor ⟺ x = k is a root

Coefficient of x 2 is > 0 ⇒ concave-up Coefficient of x 2 is < 0 ⇒ concave-down

Solving quadratic inequalities


1. If necessary, rearrange so that the coefficient of x 2 is positive and the RHS is zero
2. Replace the inequality sign by an “=” sign and solve to find the roots.
3. Sketch the graph of the quadratic, using the roots as critical values and decide whether
the curve is concave-up or concave-down
4. Decide whether you need the part above or below the x− axis
> 0 or ≥ 0 ⇒ above the x− axis
< 0 or ≤ 0 ⇒ below the x− axis
5. Write the solution in set notation

Homework book answers (only available during a lockdown)

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