G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.

com)

Video 5 - Java Control Flow, String Handling and Arrays

Java Programming for Selenium

1) Conditional Statements / Decision Making Statements
2) Loop Statements
3) Branching Statements
4) String Handling in Java
5) Java Arrays

1) Conditional Statements / Decision Making

Statements
a) Two types of Conditional statements

1) if statement
2) switch statement

b) Three types of conditions in Computer programming

1) Single Condition (Positive and Negative conditions)

Syntax:
if (condition){
.
.
}
Example:
Positive Condition
if (a>b) {
.
.
}

Negative condition

if (b<a){
.
.
}

if (!(b>a)){
.

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

.
}

2) Compound Condition (Positive and Negative conditions)

Positive Condition:

if ((a>b) && or || (a>c)){

.
.
}
Negative Condition
if (!(b>a) && or || (c>a)){
.
.
}

3) Nested condition (Positive and Negative conditions)

if (a>b){
if (a>c){
if (a>d){
……………
……………
}
}
}

c) Usage of Conditional Statements

1) Execute a block of statements when a condition is true

Syntax:
if (condition){
Statements
……………
……………
……………
}

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

Example:
int a=100, b=500;

if (a>b){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}

int a=100, b=50;

if (!(b>a)){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}

2) Execute a block of statements when a condition is true, otherwise

execute another block of statements

Syntax:
if (condition) {
Statements
……………
……………
…………..
}
else
{
Statements
……………
……………
…………..
}

Example:
int a=100, b=100;

if (a>b){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
else
{
System.out.println("B is a Big Number");
}

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

3) Execute a block of statements when a compound condition is true

Syntax:
if ((condition1) && or ||(condition2) && or || (condition3)){
statements
……………
……………
…………..
}

Example:
int x=100, y=90, z=700;

if ((x>y) || (x>z)){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}

4) Execute a block of statements when a compound condition is true,

otherwise execute another block of statements

Syntax:
if ((condition1) && or ||(condition2) && or || (condition3)){
statements
……………
……………
…………..
}
else {
……………
……………
…………..
}

Example:
int x=100, y=900, z=70;

if ((x>y) && (x>z)){

System.out.println("X is a Big Number");
}
else {
System.out.println("X is not a Big Number");
}

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

5) Decide among several alternates (else if)

Syntax:

if (condition){
Statements
……………
……………
else if (condition){
Statements
……………
……………
else if (condition){
Statements
……………
……………
else if (condition){
Statements
……………
……………
else {
Statements
……………
…………..
}

Problem: Initialize an Integer variable and verify the range

if the number is in between 1 and 100 then display "Number is a Small

Number"
if the number is in between 101 and 1000 then display "Number is a Medium
Number"
if the number is in between 1001 and 10000 then display "Number is a Big
Number"
if the number is more than 10000 then display "Number is a High Number"
Otherwise display "Number is either Zero or Negative number"

Solution:

Input:
1) 50
2) 150
3) 1500
4) 15000

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

5) 0
6) -100

int val =-100;

if ((val>0) && (val <=100)){ System.out.println("Val is a Small Number"); }

else if ((val>100) && (val<=1000)){
System.out.println("Val is a Medium Number");
}

else if ((val>1000) && (val<=10000)){

System.out.println("Val is a Big Number");
}

else if (val >10000){

System.out.println("Val is High Number");
}

else {
System.out.println("val is either Zero or Negative Number");
}

6) Execute a block of statements when more than one condition is

true (Nested if)

Syntax:

if (condition1){
if (condition2){
if (condition3){
Statements
……………
……………
}
}
}

Example:
int a=100, b=90, c=80, d=70;

if (a>b){
if (a>c){
if (a>d){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

}
}
}

7) Execute a block of statements when more than one condition is

true (Nested if), otherwise execute another block of statements

Syntax:

if (condition1){
if (condition2){
if (condition3){
Statements
……………
……………
}
else {
Statements
……………
……………
}
}
else {
Statements
……………
……………
}
}
else {
Statements
……………
……………
}

int a=100, b=90, c=80, d=70;

if (a>b){
if (a>c){
if (a>d){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
else {
System.out.println("A is Not a Big Number - 3rd Condition is False");
}

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

}
else {
System.out.println("A is Not a Big Number - 2nd Condition is False");
}
}
else {
System.out.println("A is Not a Big Number - 1st Condition is False");
}

Using Compound Condition

int a=100, b=900, c=80, d=70;

if ((a>b) && (a>c) && (a>d)){

System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
else {
System.out.println("A is Not a Big Number");
}

Nested Condition versus Compound Condition

In Nested Condition we can write multiple else parts, where as in Compound

condition
single else part only…

Problem: Find the biggest value (Integer values) among four values

Hint: use else if and compound condition

Java Program:
int a=100, b=100, c=100, d=100;

if ((a>b) && (a>c) && (a>d)){

System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
else if ((b>a) && (b>c) && (b>d)){
System.out.println("B is a Big Number");
}
else if ((c>a) && (c>b) && (c>d)){
System.out.println("C is a Big Number");
}
else {
System.out.println("D is a Big Number");

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

}
}
}

8) Decide among several alternates (using switch statement)

Syntax:

switch (expression){
case1 value:
statements
……………
……………
break;

case2 value:
statements
……………
……………
break;

case3 value:
statements
……………
……………
break;
case4 value:
statements
……………
……………
break;

default:
statements
……………
……………
}

char grade ='1';

switch (grade){

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

case 'A':
System.out.println("Excellent");
break;

case 'B':
System.out.println("Good");
break;

case 'C':
System.out.println("Better");
break;

default:
System.out.println("Invalid Grade");
}

Note:
You can use Condition/s only in your program,
or Loop/s only in your Program,
You can insert Loop/s in Condition/s and vice versa.

Java Programming for Selenium

2) Java Control Flow - Loop Statements

1) for loop
2) while loop
3) do while loop
4) enhanced for loop

1) for loop

Description: It repeats a block of statements for a specified number of times

Syntax:
for (StratValue; EndValue; Increment / Decrement){
Statements
…………
……………
}

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

Examples:

Print 1 to 10 Numbers
for (int i=1; i<=10; i++){
System.out.println(i);
}

Print 1 to 5 Number except 4th Number

for (int i=1; i<=5; i++){

if (i !=4){
System.out.println(i);
}

Print 1 to 10 Numbers in reverse Order

for (int i=10; i>=1; i--){
System.out.println(i);
}

2) while loop

Description: It repeats a block of statements while condition is true

Syntax:
Initialization
while (condition){
Statements
…………
……………
Increment/Decrement
}

Example/s:
Print 1 to 10 Numbers
int i=1;

while (i<=10){
System.out.println(i);
i++;
}

Print 1 to 5 Number except 4th Number

while (i<=5){
if (i !=4) {

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

System.out.println(i);
}
i++;
}

Print 1 to 10 Numbers in reverse Order

int i=10;

while (i>=1){
System.out.println(i);
i--;
}

3) do while

It repeats a block of statements while condition is true

It executes statements at least once irrespective of the condition

Syntax:
Initialization
do
{
Statements
…………
……………
Increment / Decrement
} while (condition);

Example:
Print 1 to 5 Numbers:

int i=1;

do
{
System.out.println(i);
i++;
} while (i<=5);

int i=10;

do
{

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

System.out.println(i);
i++;
} while (i<=5);

Print 1 to 5 Numbers except 3rd Number

int i=1;

do
{
if (i!=3){
System.out.println(i);
}
i++;
} while (i<=5);

4) Enhanced for loop

It executes all elements in an Array

Syntax:

Array Declaration;
for (declaration: Expression / Array){
Statements
…………
……………
}

Example:
String [] languages = {"COBOL", "C", "Java", "VBScript"};

for (String lang: languages){

System.out.println(lang);
}

int a=10, b=5;

int [] mathOperations = new int[3];

mathOperations[0] = a+b;
mathOperations[1] = a-b;
mathOperations[2] = a*b;

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

for (int operation: mathOperations){

System.out.println(operation);
}

3) Java Control Flow - Branching Statements

• Branching statements are used to transfer control from one point to
another in the code
• Branching statements are defined by three keywords - break, continue
and return

1) break

• break statement is used to stop the execution and comes out of loop
• Mostly break statements are used in switch and in loops….

Example:
for (int i=1; i<=10; i++){
System.out.println(i);
if (i==4){
break;
}
}

2) continue

continue statement is also same as break statement, the only difference is

when break statement executes it comes out from the loop, whereas
continue statement executes comes out from the loop temporarily.

Example:
for (int i=1; i<=10; i++){
if (i%2 != 0){
continue;
}
System.out.println(i);
}

3) return

return statement is used in User defined methods (methods with return

value), return statement must be always last statement in the method

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

Example:
public class ControFlow {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ControFlow obj = new ControFlow();
int res= obj.add(100, 50);
System.out.println(res);//150

System.out.println(obj.add(100, 200));//300

}
public int add(int a, int b){
int result=a+b;
return result;
}
}

//Create Object

(ClassName objectName = new ClassName();

ControFlow obj = new ControFlow();

DataType variableName = Object.Method(Values for Arguments)

int res= obj.add(100, 50);

4) String Handling in Java

What is String?

String is a sequence of characters written in double quotes

Syntax:

String stringName= "value"

String may have Alphabets, Numbers and Special characters

String a="India";
String b="100";
int c=100;
String d="India123";
string e="$%^";
String f= "India123#$";

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

Operations on Strings:

1) Concatenating Strings

String + String - String

String + Number - String
Number + Number - Addition

Example:

String str1= "Selenium";

String str2 = " Testing";
//String concatenation using + operator
System.out.println(str1+str2);//Selenium Testing

//String concatenation using "concat" Method

System.out.println(str1.concat(str2));//Selenium Testing

System.out.println("Selenium"+"Testing");//SeleniumTesting
System.out.println("Selenium"+1+1);//Selenium11
System.out.println(1+1+"Selenium");//2Selenmium
System.out.println(1+11);//12

2) String Comparison

In Computer programming we have two types of comparisons,

1) 2-way Comparison (Logical/ true or false)
2) 3-way Comparison (Zero, Greater than Zero, Less than Zero)

Ways of String Comparison

a) String Comparison using Relational Operator (==)

It supports 2-way comparison

b) String Comparison using equals() method

It supports 2-way comparison

c) String Comparison using compareTo() method

It supports 3-way Comparison

Result criteria for 3-way comparison

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

if string1 == string2 then 0

if string1 > string 2 then Positive Value
if string1 < string 2 then Negative value

Comparing two number - based on their values (3>2)

Comparing two strings - based on ANSI values

ANSI character codes

A to Z (65 to 90)
a to z (97 to 122)
0- to 9 (48 to 57)

Example:

String str1 = "SELENIUM";

String str2 = "selenium";
String str3 = "SELENIUM";
String str4 = "zseleniu";

//String Comparison using Relational (==) Operator

System.out.println(str1 == str2);//false
System.out.println(str1 == str3);//true

//String Comparison using equals() Method

System.out.println(str1.equals(str2));//false
System.out.println(str1.equals(str3));//true

//String comparison using compareTo()

System.out.println(str1.compareTo(str2));//Negative value
System.out.println(str1.compareTo(str3));//0
System.out.println(str4.compareTo(str1));//Positive value

5) Java Arrays
• In Java, Array is an Object that holds a fixed number of values of a
single data type
• The length of Array is established when the Array is created.
• Array length is fixed and index starts from zero to n-1,

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

Declaration of Arrays

1st Method

Syntax:
dataType arrayName[]; Declare an Array/ Create an Array
arrayName = new dataType[size]; //Define size
arrayName[index] = value; //Assign a value
.
.
.

Example:
int a[];
a=new int[3];
a[0] = 10;
a[1] = 20;
a[2] = 30;

System.out.println(a[1] + a[2]);//50

Assign values to Array elements that more than the length of Array (Run-
time Error)

int a[];
a=new int[3];
a[0] = 10;
a[1] = 20;
a[2] = 30;
a[10] =40;

System.out.println(a[1] + a[2]);//50

Assign values to some Array Elements only

int a[];
a=new int[3];
a[0] = 10;
a[1] = 20;

System.out.println(a[0] + a[1]);//30

Assign different type of data to Array Elements (Syntax Error)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)

int a[];
a=new int[3];
a[0] = 10;
a[1] = 20;
//a[2] =10.23;

System.out.println(a[0] + a[1]);//30

2nd Method

dataType [] arrayName = new dataType [size]; //Create an Array with

length
arrayName[index] = value; //Assign value
.
.

Example:
int [] a = new int [3];
a[0] =10;
a[1] =20;
a[2] =30;
System.out.println(a[1] + a[2]);//50

3rd Method

dataType [] arrayName = {value1, value2, value3, value4};//Create an

Array with Initialization

Example:
int [] a= {10, 20, 30, 40};
System.out.println(a[1] +a[3]);//60

Creating different type Arrays

int [] a= {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; //Array of Integers

char [] b= {'A', 'S', '1', '*'};//Array of Characters
String [] c = {"UFT", "Selenium", "RFT", "SilkTest"};//Array of Strings
double [] d ={1.234, 3.456, 6.45, 7.890}; // Array of decimal ponit values
boolean [] e = {true, true, false, true, false}; //Array og Boolean Values /
Logical Values

System.out.println(a[2]);//30
System.out.println(d[3]);//7.890
System.out.println(e[0]);//true

G C Reddy Technologies (www.gcreddy.com)