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MTH314 - Assignment 03

This document outlines the MTH 314 Assignment 3, which includes various mathematical exercises related to predicates, quantifiers, and counterexamples. Students are required to find truth sets, rewrite statements, and provide negations, among other tasks. The assignment is due on January 28, 2024, and submissions must be uploaded to D2L.

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10 views3 pages

MTH314 - Assignment 03

This document outlines the MTH 314 Assignment 3, which includes various mathematical exercises related to predicates, quantifiers, and counterexamples. Students are required to find truth sets, rewrite statements, and provide negations, among other tasks. The assignment is due on January 28, 2024, and submissions must be uploaded to D2L.

Uploaded by

pwez8283
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MTH 314 – Assignment 3

Due: 11:59pm, Sunday, January 28, 2024


(scan or take a photo of your solutions and upload to D2L)

1. (Exercise 5(a),(c) in 3.1) Find the truth set of each predicate.


(a) predicate P (d): 6/d is an integer, domain: Z \ {0}. (Z \ {0} means Z with 0 removed.)
(c) predicate Q(x): 1 ≤ x2 ≤ 4, domain: R.

2. (Exercise 11 in 3.1) Find a counterexample to show that the statement

∀ positive integers m and n, m · n ≥ m + n.

is false.

3. (Exercise 16 in 3.1) Rewrite each of the following statements in the form “∀ x, .”


(a) All dinosaurs are extinct.
(c) No irrational numbers are integers.

4. (Exercise 19 in 3.1) Consider the following statement:

∀ integers n, if n2 is even then n is even.

Which of the following are equivalent ways of expressing this statement?


a. All integers have even squares and are even.
b. Given any integer whose square is even, that integer is itself even.
c. For all integers, there are some whose square is even.
d. Any integer with an even square is even.
e. If the square of an integer is even, then that integer is even.
f. All even integers have even squares.
g. The square of an odd integer is odd.
(Note g was added from the original question from the book.)

5. (Exercise 28 in 3.1) Rewrite the following statements without using quantifiers or variables. Indicate
which are true and which are false. Let the domain of x be the set D of objects discussed in
mathematics courses, and let Real(x) be “x is a real number,”” Pos(x) be “x is a positive real
number,” Neg(x) be “x is a negative real number,” and Int(x) be “x is an integer.”
b. ∀x, Real(x) ∧ Neg(x) → Pos(−x)
d. ∃x such that Real(x)∧ ∼ Int(x).

6. (Exercise 3 in 3.2) Write a formal negation for each of the following statements.
a. ∀ string s, s has at least one character.
c. ∃ a movie m such that m is over 6 hours long.
7. Given the statement
There is a natural number x such that for every real number y, x > y + 1.

(a) Write the statement using quantifiers.


(b) Write the negation of the statement using quantifiers so that your translation does not start
with the negation ∼.
(c) Which one of the statements (a) or (b) is true? Try to justify your answer.

8. Given the statement


For every natural number x, there is a real number y such that x > y + 1.

(a) Write the statement using quantifiers.


(b) Write the negation of the statement using quantifiers so that your translation does not start
with the negation ∼.
(c) Which one of the statements (a) or (b) is true? Try to justify your answer.
Additional questions, just to practice.

9. Is the following statement true? If not, then find a counterexample. If yes, then try to justify your
answer.
∀x ∈ Z, x2 ≤ 1000

Solution: The statement is false. If x = 100 ∈ Z, then x2 = 10, 000 > 1, 000 is one counterexample.

10. Is the following statement true?


∀x ∈ Z, x2 ≥ 3x − 2
What about
∀x ∈ R, x2 ≥ 3x − 2?
If not, then find a counterexample. If yes, then try to justify your answer.
Solution: The first statement is true. Note that x2 − 3x + 2 = (x − 1)(x − 2) ≥ 0 for any x ≤ 1 and
any x ≥ 2. Hence the desired inequality holds for any x ∈ Z.
On the other hand, the second statement is false. If x = 3/2 ∈ R, then x2 − 3x + 2 = (x − 1)(x − 2) =
(1/2)(−1/2) = −1/4 < 0 and so the desired inequality does not hold.

11. Is the following statement true? If yes, then find an example. If not, then try to justify your answer.

∃x ∈ R such that x2 < 1

Solution: The statement is true. If x = 0 ∈ R, then x2 = 0 < 1.

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