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Chapter7_Prob11

The document discusses the equation of motion for a simple harmonic oscillator and derives the total energy, showing it is proportional to the square of the amplitudes A and B. It demonstrates that the total energy E can be expressed in terms of the amplitudes and relates to the energy spectrum or power spectrum. The relationship between the amplitudes and total energy is further explored through the discrete Fourier transform (DFT).

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7 views

Chapter7_Prob11

The document discusses the equation of motion for a simple harmonic oscillator and derives the total energy, showing it is proportional to the square of the amplitudes A and B. It demonstrates that the total energy E can be expressed in terms of the amplitudes and relates to the energy spectrum or power spectrum. The relationship between the amplitudes and total energy is further explored through the discrete Fourier transform (DFT).

Uploaded by

josa.palaganas.up
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

7.11 The equation of motion yielding the displacement for a simple harmonic oscillator consisting of a
mass m and a spring of stiffness k is:
d2y
m -------2- + ky = 0
dt
iωt – iωt
The general solution to this ODE is y = A sin ( ωt ) + B cos ( ωt ) or y = Ce + De , where
2
k ⁄ m . Show that the total energy E, given by the sum of the kinetic energy --- m  ------
1 dy
ω = and potential
2  dt 
1
energy --- ky 2 is proportional to the square of the amplitudes A and B or C and D.
2
Solution

The total energy is:


2
1  dy  1
E = m  + ky 2
2  dt  2
2 E = m[ Aω cos(ωt ) − Bω sin(ωt )] + k [ A sin(ωt ) + B cos(ωt )]
2 2

[
= mω 2 A2 cos 2 (ωt ) + B 2 sin 2 (ωt ) − 2 AB sin(ωt ) cos(ωt ) ]
[
+ k A2 sin 2 (ωt ) + B 2 cos 2 (ωt ) + 2 AB sin(ωt ) cos(ωt ) ]
But,
k
ω=
m  ω2=k/m.
Therefore,
[
2 E = k A2 cos 2 (ωt ) + B 2 sin 2 (ωt ) − 2 AB sin(ωt ) cos(ωt ) ]
+ k [A sin (ωt ) + B
2 2 2
cos (ωt ) + 2 AB sin(ωt ) cos(ωt )]
2

Using the trigonometric identity sin2(ωt)+cos2(ωt)=1 yields:


2 E = kA2 + kB 2
or
kA2 + kB 2 k 2
E=
2
= A + B2
2
( )
.
Thus, the total energy is proportional to the sum of the squares of the amplitudes of the sine and

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis
for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook
has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by
Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the
copyright owner is unlawful.
2

cosine terms. A and B can also be interpreted as the DFT of the solution y, so that the square of
the amplitudes in the DFT can be seen to be related to the total energy, hence the term “energy
spectrum” or “power spectrum” (see Eq.(7.51) in Section 7.7).
Also true is the fact that
2E
A2 + B 2 =
k
again showing the utility of the energy or power spectrum from a different perspective.

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis
for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook
has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by
Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the
copyright owner is unlawful.

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