Technical Seminar Synopsis Format
Technical Seminar Synopsis Format
=============================================================================
Title of the problem: The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) faces challenges such
as data security risks, interoperability issues, and real-time monitoring reliability.
Ensuring patient privacy, seamless device integration, and accurate data transmission
are critical problems that need to be addressed for effective healthcare solutions.
• Emergence of IoMT:
o IoMT is a rapidly growing field within IoT, gaining attention due to its wide
applicability in Smart Healthcare Systems (SHS).
• Significance in Pandemic:
o Reduces the need for physical doctor visits, minimizing health risks.
==============================================================================
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KLS VDIT, Haliyal Page No. 1
Internet of Medical Things
=============================================================================
• Reference Analysis:
Introduction: The Internet of Things (IoT) deals with various interconnected computing
devices, machines, objects, humans, or animals with unique IDs and is capable of transferring
data within the network without human intervention [1]. It includes monitoring and controlling
systems that enable smart homes, for example, thermostats, heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning devices, including IoT. IoT can also be used in other domains like transportation,
healthcare, industrial automation, and energy response to natural and man-made disasters.
Various IoT applications in different domains are illustrated in Figure 1. Verma et al. [2]
proposed a data congestion monitoring system having a sharp area structure, where IoT helps
==============================================================================
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KLS VDIT, Haliyal Page No. 2
Internet of Medical Things
=============================================================================
in convincing the control of the leading body in traffic area via advanced systems. Fuqaha et
al. [3] presented the use of IoT for checking environmental conditions with the help of
disappointment figures, sullying control, and alarm trigger under crisis.
Literature review:
1. Introduction to IoMT
==============================================================================
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KLS VDIT, Haliyal Page No. 3
Internet of Medical Things
=============================================================================
Several studies highlight the rapid adoption of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) due
to its ability to enhance healthcare efficiency, remote monitoring, and patient outcomes.
Researchers emphasize IoMT’s role in real-time data collection, patient monitoring, and
automated diagnosis, reducing the burden on healthcare professionals.
Various IoMT architectures have been proposed to integrate wearable sensors, cloud
computing, and edge computing for real-time patient monitoring.
Kumar et al. (2020) introduced a cloud-based IoMT architecture for efficient health data
storage and retrieval, ensuring seamless communication between IoMT devices and healthcare
providers.
Sharma et al. (2021) proposed a fog computing-based IoMT model, which enhances data
processing speed and reduces network congestion compared to traditional cloud models.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID): Used for patient tracking and inventory management
in hospitals (Patil & Desai, 2019).
Artificial Intelligence (AI): Plays a crucial role in disease prediction, automated diagnosis, and
personalized treatment plans (Zhou et al., 2020).
Blockchain: Ensures security and privacy of patient data, preventing unauthorized access
(Singh et al., 2021).
5G and Edge Computing: Improve real-time IoMT applications by reducing latency and
enhancing data processing (Chen et al., 2022).
Wearable Sensors: Used for tracking heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels (Gupta et
al., 2021).
==============================================================================
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KLS VDIT, Haliyal Page No. 4
Internet of Medical Things
=============================================================================
Implantable Sensors: Monitors chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disorders (Lee
& Kim, 2020).
Environmental Sensors: Detect temperature, humidity, and air quality in hospital settings (Ali
et al., 2019).
Data Breaches: Unauthorized access to sensitive patient data is a growing concern (Ahmed et
al., 2020).
Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms: Provide high accuracy but require large datasets
(Kumar et al., 2020).
Objectives:
Understanding its impact on remote patient monitoring, automated diagnosis, and personalized
treatment.
==============================================================================
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KLS VDIT, Haliyal Page No. 5
Internet of Medical Things
=============================================================================
Evaluating the effectiveness of RFID, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, and Edge
Computing in enhancing healthcare efficiency.
Examining different IoMT frameworks and models proposed by researchers to identify their
advantages and limitations.
METHODOLOGY:
This section gives the comparative and comprehensive analysis of work done by various
authors in IoMT-based Smart Healthcare systems regarding different IoMT architectures, data
collection techniques, their comparative analysis, and a comparison of various energy-efficient
algorithim
==============================================================================
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KLS VDIT, Haliyal Page No. 6
Internet of Medical Things
=============================================================================
IoMT Architectures
An IoMT-based smart healthcare system is a collection of various smart medical devices
connected within the network through the internet . An IoMT framework-based smart
healthcare is formed of various phases. Firstly, medical data will be collected from the
patient's body using smart sensors integrated within the smart wearable or implanted
devices that are connected together via BSN or WSN . Then, this data will be transferred
over the internet to the next component dealing with the prediction and analysis phase.
After receiving the medical data, analysis can be done using a proper AI-based data
transformation and interpretation technique . In case of serious problems, doctors or
other medical requirements can be approached with the help of smart AI-based
applications in smartphones . In nonserious cases, self-preventive measures can be
taken.
==============================================================================
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KLS VDIT, Haliyal Page No. 7
Internet of Medical Things
=============================================================================
explained that IoMT architecture mainly consists of 3 layers, which are as follows: the
application layer, perceptual layer, and network layer. They are demonstrated in Figure 4.
The bottom layer, i.e., the perceptual layer, deals with the collection of data from the
source and making important viewpoints from the collected data. Now, the perception
layer consists of 2 sublayers, i.e., the data access sublayer and data acquisition sublayer.
Perception from the collected data is the main task done by the data acquisition sublayer,
for which it utilizes various medical perception equipment and signals acquisition
equipment. Graphic code, RFID, GPRS, etc., can be considered the major signal
acquisition methods. The data access sublayer connects the collected data from the
data acquisition layer to the network layer through short-range data transfer techniques,
such as Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), ZigBee, etc.
The middle layer, i.e., the network layer, deals with providing various platform and
interface-related services and provides various data transmission techniques. This layer
is formed of 2 subsequent layers, namely, the service layer and the network transmission
layer. The network transmission sublayer uses mobile communication networks,
wireless sensor networks, internet, etc., for transmitting the data received from the
perception layer in a precise, consistent, real-time, and barrier-free way. However, the
service layer realizes the integration of various networks, information description
formats, data warehouses, etc. For such integrations, it provides open interface services
and various other platform-related services.
The application layer utilizes the information gathered from the network layer to manage
the medical record by means of various applications. This layer again consists of 2
sublayers, namely, the medical information decision-making application layer and the
medical information application layer. The medical information application layer
contains various health care equipment and other materials related to information for
maintaining patient information, such as inpatient, outpatient, medical treatment, etc.,
records, whereas the medical information decision-making application layer deals with
the analysis of various pieces of information, such as patients, disease, medication,
diagnosis, treatment, etc.
==============================================================================
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KLS VDIT, Haliyal Page No. 8
Internet of Medical Things
=============================================================================
Sun explained another three-tier architecture with medical server level, sensor level, and
personal server level. Sensor level contains various sensors and medical devices in the
form of a local network like a body sensor network (BSN) using low power wireless
technology (such as BLE, NFC, or RFID) to transfer data.
The personal server level has few personal servers that can internally process and store
from smart wearable devices (like a smartwatch) or off-body devices (like routers). It is
required in situations where either a network connection is lost or the user needs the
patient's data remotely. The last layer is the medical server layer, which consists of an
algorithm or program for early diagnosis, rehabilitation progress assessment, or
continuous patient monitoring (for example, MobiCare and BSN-Care [30]). The problem
stated here is security negligence.
Kumar proposed an end-to-end architecture named mHealth System that connects the
IoT smart sensors directly with SHS. This architecture contains three layers, i.e., the data
processing layer, data collection layer, and data storage layer. The bottom layer, i.e., the
data collection layer, consists of IoT devices that can sense and collect medical
parameters. The next layer, i.e., the data storage layer, stores medical data on wide-scale
and high-speed storage racks. The topmost layer, i.e., the data processing layer, involves
various techniques to analyze collected sensor data.
==============================================================================
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KLS VDIT, Haliyal Page No. 9
Internet of Medical Things
=============================================================================
Here, we have seen 4 architectures for an IoMT-based smart healthcare system, where
most of them have three layers. The last architecture alone, proposed by Abdulmohsin
Hammood , has a four-tier architecture. Upon comparing all these architectures, we can
generalize that the bottom-most layer will have sensors in direct contact with the human
body. In the middle of the architecture, we need a few layers for the inception, storage,
and processing of data. The topmost layer will be used for providing services to the end-
users
References
[1] Sun Y., Lo F. P. W., Lo B. Security and privacy for the internet of medical things
enabled healthcare systems: a survey. IEEE Access 2019;7 doi:
10.1109/access.2019.2960617.183339 [DOI] [Google Scholar]
[2] Verma G., Prakash S. Advances in Communication and Computational
Technology . Singapore: Springer; 2021. Internet of Things for healthcare: research
challenges and future prospects. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
[3] Al-Fuqaha A., Guizani M., Mohammadi M., Aledhari M., AyyashAyyash M. Internet
of things: a survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. IEEE
communications surveys & tutorials . 2015;17(4):2347–2376. doi:
10.1109/comst.2015.2444095. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
[4] Joyia G. J., Liaqat R. M., Farooq A., Rehman S. Internet of medical things (IoMT):
applications, benefits and future challenges in healthcare domain. Journal of
Communication . 2017;12(4):240–247. doi: 10.12720/jcm.12.4.240-247. [DOI]
[Google Scholar]
[5] Quwaider M., Biswas S. On-body packet routing algorithms for body sensor
networks. Proceedings of the 2009 First International Conference on Networks &
Communications; December 2009; Chennai, India. IEEE; pp. 171–177. [DOI]
[Google Scholar]
==============================================================================
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KLS VDIT, Haliyal Page No. 10