Important Viva Questions with Explanations for All Practicals
1. Estimation of Mg²⁺ by Direct Complexometric Titration Using EDTA
Q1: Write the chemical reaction for the titration of Mg²⁺ with EDTA.
The reaction for the titration is:
Mg²⁺ + H₂Y²⁻ → [MgY]²⁻ + 2H⁺
Here, Mg²⁺ reacts with the deprotonated form of EDTA (H₂Y²⁻) to form a stable 1:1
complex. This reaction releases two protons, which slightly acidifies the solution. The
stability of the Mg-EDTA complex allows for accurate quantification of magnesium ions
in the sample.
Q2: Why is an ammonia buffer used in this experiment?
An ammonia-ammonium buffer is used to maintain the solution at pH 10. At this pH,
EDTA is fully deprotonated and active, ensuring that it can chelate Mg²⁺ efficiently. The
buffer also prevents the precipitation of Mg²⁺ as magnesium hydroxide, which would
occur at higher pH levels, ensuring the reaction proceeds smoothly.
Q3: What is the role of Eriochrome Black T in this titration?
Eriochrome Black T is used as an indicator. Initially, it forms a red complex with Mg²⁺
ions. As EDTA chelates Mg²⁺, the indicator is displaced, causing the color to change from
red to blue. This distinct color change indicates the endpoint of the titration.
Q4: Write the structure of EDTA and explain its function.
The structure of EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is shown below. It has four
carboxylic acid groups and two amine groups that act as binding sites for metal ions,
making it a powerful hexadentate chelating agent. In the titration, EDTA binds Mg²⁺
ions to form a stable complex, ensuring precise measurement.
Q5: How is the concentration of Mg²⁺ calculated in this titration?
The concentration of Mg²⁺ is calculated using the formula:
Concentration of Mg²⁺ = (Volume of EDTA × Molarity of EDTA × Molar Mass of Mg) /
Volume of Sample.
This formula converts the EDTA volume consumed into the equivalent concentration of
Mg²⁺ in the sample.
Q6: What happens if the solution pH deviates from the optimal value?
If the pH deviates from 10, Mg²⁺ may either precipitate as Mg(OH)₂ at higher pH or
remain incompletely chelated at lower pH due to insufficient deprotonation of EDTA.
This results in inaccurate titration outcomes.
Q7: Why is distilled water used for preparing solutions in this experiment?
Distilled water is free from impurities and interfering ions like Ca²⁺ or Fe³⁺ that might
react with EDTA. Using impure water can lead to erroneous results by consuming EDTA
unnecessarily during the titration.
Q8: What is the endpoint of this titration, and how is it detected?
The endpoint is the stage at which Mg²⁺ ions have completely reacted with EDTA. It is
detected by the color change of Eriochrome Black T from red (Mg²⁺ complex) to blue
(free indicator), indicating no free Mg²⁺ remains.
Q9: What are masking agents, and why are they used?
Masking agents bind to interfering ions (e.g., Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺) to prevent them from reacting
with EDTA. In Mg²⁺ estimation, masking agents are not typically needed unless the
sample contains other reactive ions.
Q10: Why is Mg²⁺ estimation significant in real-world applications?
Magnesium estimation is crucial for assessing water hardness, dietary supplements, and
pharmaceutical formulations. It helps ensure water quality and the proper composition
of health-related products.
