Scribd
Upload
3 views

Module 2

The document provides an introduction to C programming, focusing on operators, type conversion, and typecasting. It covers various types of operators including arithmetic, relational, equality, logical, unary, conditional, bitwise, and assignment operators, along with their syntax and examples. Additionally, it explains type conversion and typecasting in C, detailing how data types can be promoted or forced into different types.

Uploaded by

madhukeshs0742
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

Module 2

The document provides an introduction to C programming, focusing on operators, type conversion, and typecasting. It covers various types of operators including arithmetic, relational, equality, logical, unary, conditional, bitwise, and assignment operators, along with their syntax and examples. Additionally, it explains type conversion and typecasting in C, detailing how data types can be promoted or forced into different types.

Uploaded by

madhukeshs0742
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Introduction to C Programming

(22ECS145/245)
Module 2
• Operators in C, Type conversion and typecasting
• Decision control and Looping statements: Introduction to decision
control, Conditional branching statements, iterative statements,
nested loops, break and continue statements, goto statement.

• Textbook: Chapter 9.15-9.16, 10.1-10.6


Operators in C
An operator is a symbol that tells the computer to perform particular mathematical and
logical functions.
To manipulate variables and data in the program Operators are used.

Operators supported in ‘C’ are:


1) Arithmetic Operators
2) Relational Operators
3) Equality Operators
4) Logical Operators
5) Unary Operators
6) Conditional Operators
7) Bitwise Operators
8) Assignment Operators
9) Comma Operators
Arithmetic Operators
• These operators are used to perform basic arithmetic operations

Operator Name Result Syntax Example (b=5, c=2)


+ Addition Sum a=b+c a=7
- Subtraction Difference a=b-c a=3
* Multiplication Product a=b*c a = 10
/ Division Quotient a=b/c a=2
% Modulus Remainder a=b%c a=1
Relational Operators
• This operator compares two operands in order to find out the relation
between them.
• The output will be either 0 (False) or 1 (True).
Operator Name Syntax Example (b=5, c=2)
< Lesser than a=b<c a = 0 (False)
> Greater than a=b>c a = 1 (True)
<= Lesser than or Equal to a = b <= c a = 0 (False)
>= Greater than or Equal to a = b >= c a = 1 (True)
== Equal to a=b==c a = 0 (False)
!= Not equal to a = b!= c a = 1 (True)
Equality Operators
1. Equal to(==)
2. Not equal to (!=)

Operator Meaning
== Returns 1 if both operands are equal, 0 otherwise
!= Returns 1 if operands do not have the same value, 0 otherwise
Logical Operators
• These are used to test more than one condition and make decision.
The different logical operators are:
• Logical NOT
• Logical AND
• Logical OR
Logical NOT (!) The output is true when input is false and vice versa. It
accepts only one input.
Input Output

X !X

0 1

1 0
Logical Operators
• Logical AND (&&) The output is true only if both inputs are true. It
accepts two or more inputs.
Input Output
X Y X && Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

• Logical OR (||) The output is true only if any of its input is true. It
accepts two or more inputs.
Input Output
X Y X || Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
Unary Operators
Unary Minus Operator
Example: int a, b =100; a=-(b); Result: a=-10
Increment (++)
Pre increment:
Example: If a=8, b= ++a what will be the value of a and b?
Post increment
Example: If q=6, p= q++ what will be the value of p and q?
Decrement (--)
Pre decrement Example: If y=4, x= --y what will be the value of x and y?
Post decrement Example: If n=5, m= n-- what will be the value of m and
n?
Conditional Operator
It takes three arguments
Expression1 ? Expression2 : Expression3
Where,
Expression1→ Condition
Expression2→ Statement followed if condition is true
Expression3→ Statement followed if condition is false
Example:
large = (4 > 2) ? 4: 2 →large = 4
Bitwise Operators
These works on bits and performs bit by bit operations.
The different types of bitwise operators are:

Bitwise NOT (~)


Bitwise AND (&)
Bitwise OR (|)
Bitwise XOR (^)
Bitwise left shift (<<)
Bitwise right shift (>>)
Bitwise Operators
X Y X&Y X|Y X^Y
Bitwise NOT (~) X ~X
0 0 0 0 0
0 1
0 1 0 1 1
1 0
1 0 0 1 1

1 1 1 1 0

X 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0

X<<2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

X 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0

X>>2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Assignment Operators
The assignment operator is used to assign the values to the variables
on the left hand side. The symbol “=” is used as an assignment
operator.
x = 10, c = a+b
Shorthand Assignment:
x = x+2 → x+=2
Multiple Assignment
a=10,b=10,c=10 → a=b=c=10
Comma Operators & sizeof operators
• Comma Operator: It can be used as operator in expression and as
separator in declaring variables.
• sizeof() operator: It is used to determine the size of variable or value
in bytes.
Type Conversion and Typecasting
Type conversion is done when the expression has variables of different
data types.
The data type is promoted from lower to higher level where the
hierarchy of data types are

Short/char int unsigned int long int unsigned long int float
double long double
Type Conversion and Typecasting
• Typecasting is also known as forced conversion.
• Typecasting an arithmetic expression tells the compiler to represent
the value of the expression.
• Higher data type has to be converted into the value of a lower data
type.
Example:
Float salary=10000.00;
Int sal;
Sal=(int) salary;
Output:
10000

You might also like