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2.)Lecture-2.1_BootProcessOfLinux

The Linux boot process begins with the BIOS performing system checks and loading the boot loader, specifically the MBR. The MBR contains the primary boot loader and partition table, which then loads GRUB, the Grand Unified Bootloader, to execute the kernel and initrd. Finally, the init program determines the system's run level, which dictates the startup programs to be executed.

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2 views

2.)Lecture-2.1_BootProcessOfLinux

The Linux boot process begins with the BIOS performing system checks and loading the boot loader, specifically the MBR. The MBR contains the primary boot loader and partition table, which then loads GRUB, the Grand Unified Bootloader, to execute the kernel and initrd. Finally, the init program determines the system's run level, which dictates the startup programs to be executed.

Uploaded by

czaetvwp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linux Boot Process

BIOS KERNAL

MBR INIT

GRUB RUNLEVEL

1
BIOS
• Stands for Basic Input Output System
• Performs system integrity checks (POST(Power On Self
Test))
• Searches, loads and executes the boot loader program
– Searches boot loader
– Loads and executes MBR

USB SD DVD Hard


Stick Card ROM Drive

2
MBR
• Stands for Master Boot Record
• Located in the first sector of the bootable disk typically
– /dev/sda or /dev/hda
• 512 Bytes in size
• Mainly three components

MBR Validation
Primary Boot Loader Partition Table
Check
(446 B) (64 B)
(2B)

MBR (512Bytes)
• Contains information about GRUB
• Loads and executes GRUB

3
GRUB
• Stands for Grand Unified Bootloader
• Choose which Kernel image to be executed
• Loads the Kernel image specified in the configuration file
• GRUB configuration file is
– /boot/grub/grub.conf
• Load and execute Kernel and initrd (initial ram disk) image
• Knowledge of file system

4
Kernel
• Mounts/loads the root file system as specified in the grub
configuration file
• Execute init program /sbin/init
• Initrd is used as temporary root file system until Kernel
mounts the root file system

5
Init
• Init stands for Initialization
• Looks at the /etc/inittab file to decide the Linux run level
• Run level decides which initial programs are loaded at startup
• Following are the available run levels

6
Runlevel
• Depending on init level setting, the system will execute the program
from one of the following directories:

• Example programs are:


– S12, S50, S80 etc.
– K12, K21, K34 etc.
where S and K are Startup and Shutdown respectively

7
Login Prompt

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