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What is Software Development SDLC Models Agile Software Development Software Developer SDE Roadmap SDE In

Waste Management System Project

Last Updated : 20 Jun, 2024

The waste management system is one of the most common software development
projects to date. In this article, we will make the Waste Management System software
development project, from scratch, for final-year students. We will be covering all the
steps you have to do while developing this project.

How to create a Waste Management System Project?

All phases

Project Development is a multiphase process in which every process is equally

important. Here in this post, we are also going to develop our Waste Management
System Project in multiple phases, such as:

1. Team Formation
2. Topic Selection
3. Creating Project Synopsys
4. Requirement Gathering
5. Coding or Implementation
6. Testing
7. Project Presentation
8. Writing a Research Paper

Let us look into the steps one by one.

Step 1- Team Formation Phase: Creating a Dynamic Team

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Team formation for a final-year project is a crucial aspect that can significantly impact
the success and efficiency of the project. In the final year, students often have diverse
academic backgrounds, skills, and interests. Therefore, forming a well-balanced team
becomes essential to leverage the strengths of each member and address any
potential weaknesses.

In Our project, we will be exploring web applications for a Waste Management system
project so we will be required below skill sets.

1. Front end Developer

2. Back end Developer
3. Tester
4. DevOps Developer

Step 2- Topic Selection

While making our Waste management system project this will be our second step in
which we will find an interesting problem statement and try to generate an idea to
solve that problem using our knowledge.

Choose a topic related to your field of study that is of great interest to you. It is advised
that you pick a topic that has a powerful motive. For instance, a project that helps
humankind will truly be unmatched. Another factor to keep in mind is to choose topics
that aren’t very common.

You Can Pick some of the unique Software Development Ideas from Top 50
Software Development Ideas for Beginners article.

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Topic Selection Phase

Topic Planning: In this phase team will gather and try to search a topic or problem
statement by brainstorming, reverse thinking or any other strategy and select a
problem that is challenging in nature and solvable by using their combined
knowledge of tech.
Defining & Set Objective: After planning the problem statement we will define a
clear problem statement and its objectives.

Result: At the end of this phase we will have a problem statement for our project.

In our example we are selecting the topic ” Waste Management System ” .

After the selection of the topic we are going to start our project work in the following
steps:

Step 3- Synopsys for Waste Management System Project

A project synopsis serves as a concise overview or summary of a proposed project,
offering a brief but comprehensive insight into its objectives, scope, methodology, and
expected outcomes. It typically acts as a preliminary document, providing supervisors,
or evaluators with a quick understanding of the project before they delve into more
detailed documentation.

Synopsys Creation Phase

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The project synopsis usually includes key elements such as the project title, problem
statement or context, objectives, scope and limitations, methodology or approach, expected
outcomes, and the significance of the project in the broader context. It serves as a
roadmap, guiding readers through the fundamental aspects of the project and helping
them grasp its purpose and potential impact.

Below are some of the points we have to cover in the synopsis report :

Project Title
Introduction of Project
Problem Statement
Proposed Solution
Objective of the Project
Scope of the Project
Methodologies used
ER Model
Use case Diagram
Dataflow Diagram
Features of the project
For Users
For Admin
Impact of the project
Limitations of the project
Future scope of the project

Let’s create a Synopsys Report for the Waste Management System Project:

3.1 Introduction | Synopsys for Waste Management System Project

A Waste Management System (WMS) is a software application that streamlines and

automates the operations involved in waste collection, processing, and disposal. It is a
comprehensive solution for managing tasks such as scheduling pickups, tracking waste
containers, monitoring waste levels, and optimizing routes. The primary objective of a
WMS is to efficiently organize and manage waste management processes, making it
easier for waste management professionals to carry out their daily tasks and creating a
seamless experience for users. By leveraging advanced technology, a WMS ensures
that waste is handled in an environmentally responsible and cost-effective manner.

3.1.1 Problem Statement for Waste Management System Project :

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Traditional waste management systems are struggling to keep up with the growing
demands of modern urban environments. Inefficiencies in route planning, inadequate
tracking of waste levels, and a lack of data analytics tools hinder waste management
professionals from optimizing collection processes and improving service delivery. To
address these challenges, waste management operations need a modern Waste
Management System with an intuitive interface, effective tracking, and robust analytics
capabilities to transform waste management into a streamlined, efficient, and
environmentally responsible process in the digital age.

3.1.2 Proposed Solution for Waste Management System Project :

To address the challenges in waste management, we are developing a Web

Application for Waste Management System using HTML, TailwindCSS,
JavaScript, Node.js, and MongoDB. This system will provide a User-friendly
Interface for easy navigation, Efficient Request Management for raising and
tracking waste collection requests, Seamless Request Assignment to drivers,
Automated Tracking of waste collection activities, Real-time Updates on request
statuses, and Secure Access Control managed by administrators.

3.1.3 Objective of the Project:

The objective of the Waste Management System (WMS) project is to design and
implement an efficient and user-friendly system that automates the various tasks
associated with managing a Waste(Trash) in city.

The objective of this project is to develop a comprehensive web application that

efficiently manages service requests through three distinct user roles: Admin, Driver,
and User. The application aims to streamline the process of request creation,
assignment, tracking, and resolution, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency and
transparency of service operations. Key objectives include:

1. Facilitating User Requests: Provide users with an intuitive interface to raise, track,
and manage service requests, with a detailed dashboard to monitor the status and
statistics of their requests.
2. Optimizing Driver Operations: Equip drivers with tools to view, accept, resolve, or
reject assigned requests, supported by a personalized dashboard to track their
performance and workload.
3. Streamlining Administrative Tasks: Enable administrators to efficiently manage
users and drivers, assign requests, and oversee the entire request lifecycle,
supported by a comprehensive dashboard for insightful data analysis and
operational oversight.
4. Enhancing Transparency and Accountability: Ensure that all users have access to
real-time data and updates regarding requests, fostering a transparent environment

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where accountability is maintained across all levels.

5. Improving Decision-Making: Utilize detailed reporting and analytics to provide
actionable insights for administrators, aiding in better decision-making and resource
allocation.

By achieving these objectives, the web application aims to create a seamless and
effective service management system that meets the needs of all stakeholders
involved.

3.1.4 Scope of the Project:

It may help collecting perfect management in details . In a very short time the
collection will be obvious simple and sensible. it will help a person to know the
management of passed year perfectly and vividly. it also helps in current all
works relative to Waste management system project. It will reduce the cost of
collecting the management and collection procedure will go on smoothly.

The scope of the project of Waste management system typically covers the following
aspects:

Functional Scope

1. User Module:
Request Management:
Raise new service requests.
Track the status of requests.
View detailed information on request history.
Dashboard:
Display the total number of requests.
Show the status of requests (created, pending, rejected, completed).
Categorize requests by type.

2. Driver Module:
Request Handling:
View requests assigned by the admin.
Accept or reject requests.
Mark requests as completed.
Dashboard:
Display the number of assigned requests.
Track completed and rejected requests.
Monitor overall performance metrics.

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3. Admin Module:
Request and Driver Management:
Assign requests to drivers.
Create, edit, and delete driver profiles.
Approve or reject service requests.
User Management:
View and manage user profiles.
Dashboard:
Display all request metrics (total, pending, rejected, completed).
Show the number of drivers and users.
Provide insights on request types and statuses.

Non-Functional Scope

1. Performance:
The system should handle multiple simultaneous users without significant
performance degradation.
Response times for user actions (raising requests, updating statuses) should be
minimal.

2. Scalability:
The application should be designed to accommodate future growth in the
number of users, drivers, and requests without requiring a complete overhaul.

3. Security:
Implement authentication and authorization mechanisms to ensure data privacy
and prevent unauthorized access.
Secure sensitive data both in transit and at rest using encryption.

4. Usability:
The user interface should be intuitive and easy to navigate for all user roles.
Provide a responsive design that works well on various devices (desktops,
tablets, smartphones).

5. Reliability:
Ensure high availability and minimal downtime.
Implement robust error handling and logging to facilitate troubleshooting and
maintain system stability.

6. Maintainability:
Code should be modular and well-documented to ease future maintenance and
updates.

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Use standard development practices to ensure the system can be easily updated
and extended.
7. Compliance:
Ensure the application complies with relevant data protection regulations (e.g.,
GDPR, CCPA).
Adhere to industry standards for web application development.

8. Accessibility:
Design the application to be accessible to users with disabilities, following
guidelines such as WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines).

By defining these functional and non-functional scopes, the project can be developed
with a clear understanding of its requirements and constraints, ensuring that the final
product meets the needs of all stakeholders

3.2 Methodologies | Synopsys for Waste Management System Project

In WMS we are using various technologies and new methodologies to solve our
problems. Below are a detailed description about the technology used and the
methods we are applying in our project.

Technology Used:

Here we are developing a Waste Management System (WMS) using HTML

(EJS), CSS, Javascript, TailwindCSS for the frontend, and Node.js, Express.js
and Mongo.db for the backend involves a structured methodology.

ER Model of Waste Management System Project:

An Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) for a Waste Management System (WMS)

models the entities and their relationships within the system. Below is a
simplified ERD for a Waste Management System. In Synopsys we make a rough
ER Diagram to give a idea about the working of the project.

Let’s Draw an ER Model for a Waste Management System Project :

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ER diagram of Waste management system

Entities:

1. User
Attributes: _id, name, number, email, address, password, time_stamp

2. Driver
Attributes: _id, name, email, phone, license, vehicle, vehicleType, password

3. Admin
Attributes: _id, name, email, password

4. Request
Attributes: _id, name, address, request_type, message, email, status, time,
assignedDriver, assignedDriverId

Relationships:

One-to-Many relationship:
The user creates many Requests (User 1 --- * Request)
The driver is assigned to many Requests (Driver 1 --- * Request)
Admin assigns many Requests (Admin 1 --- * Request)

These entities and relationships represent the structure and connections within the
system, enabling users, drivers, and admins to interact with and manage requests
effectively.

Data Flow Diagram of Waste Management System Project:

The Data Flow Diagram (DFD) serves as a visual representation of the flow of
information within the Waste Management System. This diagram illustrates how data,
such as waste collection requests, driver assignments, and waste disposal records,
moves between various system components.
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Processes, represented by circles or ovals, depict activities such as:

Request Management (raising and tracking waste collection requests)
Assignment Management (assigning requests to drivers)
Collection Management (resolving or rejecting requests by drivers)
Data stores, depicted by rectangles, represent where information is stored,
including:
Request Database (storing waste collection requests and their details)
Driver Database (storing driver information and assignments)
Waste Disposal Records (storing waste collection and disposal data)
Data flows, indicated by arrows, showcase how data moves between processes,
data stores, and external entities like:
Users (raising and tracking waste collection requests)
Drivers (checking assigned requests and updating their status)
Administrators (assigning requests, managing drivers, and monitoring
system data)

The DFD for the Waste Management System provides a comprehensive overview of
the data flow and interactions within the system, aiding in the analysis, design, and
communication of the system's functional aspects. It helps visualize how users, drivers,
and administrators interact with the system, and how data moves between different
components for efficient waste collection and disposal management.

Level 0 DFD of Waste Management system:

Level 0 DFD of Waste Management System

Level 1 DFD of waste management system:

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DFD level 1 of user module in Waste management system

DFD level 1 of driver module in Waste management system

DFD level 1 of admin module in waste management system

Level 2 DFD of Waste Management System

DFD level 2 of Driver module in waste management system

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DFD level 2 of admin module in waste management system

Use Case Diagram of Waste Management System Project:

Use case diagram referred as a Behaviour model or diagram. It simply describes

and displays the relation or interaction between the users or customers and
providers of application service or the system. It describes different actions that a
system performs in collaboration to achieve something with one or more users of
the system. Use case diagram is used a lot nowadays to manage the system

Here is a Use Case Diagram for Waste Management System Project :

Use case diagram of Waste management system

3.3 Features | Synopsys for Waste Management System Project

The proposed Waste Management System (WMS) is designed to simplify the day-to-
day activities of waste management, providing features for users, drivers and
administrators.

User Features:

1. Request Creation:
Users can create service requests by providing details such as request type,
description, and location.
They can specify the urgency or priority of the request.
Users can attach any relevant documents or images related to the request.
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2. Request Tracking:
Users can track the status of their requests in real-time.
They receive notifications or updates when their requests are changed.
Detailed request history is available for users to review past requests and
resolutions.

3. Dashboard:
Users have access to a personalized dashboard displaying their active and past
requests.
The dashboard provides statistics such as the number of requests created,
pending, resolved, and rejected.
Users can filter and sort requests based on various parameters like date, status,
or type.

4. Communication:
Users can communicate with administrators or drivers regarding their requests
through messaging or comments.
They receive notifications for any messages or updates related to their requests.

5. Feedback:
Users can provide feedback on the resolution of their requests, helping to
improve service quality.
Feedback mechanisms may include ratings, comments, or satisfaction surveys.

Driver Features:

1. Request Management:
Drivers can view assigned service requests along with details such as type,
description, and location.
They can accept, reject, or mark requests as completed based on their availability
and capability.

2. Route Optimization:
Drivers have access to route optimization tools to efficiently plan their service
routes.
They can prioritize requests based on factors like proximity, urgency, or type.

3. Communication:
Drivers can communicate with users or administrators regarding assigned
requests.
They receive notifications for any updates or messages related to their assigned
requests.

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4. Dashboard:
Drivers have a dashboard displaying their assigned requests, including pending,
completed, and rejected requests.
The dashboard provides insights into their performance metrics, such as
response time and resolution rate.

5. Navigation Assistance:
Drivers have access to navigation tools or integration with GPS systems to
navigate to the location of assigned requests efficiently.

Admin Features:

1. User and Driver Management:

Admins can create, edit, or delete user and driver profiles.
They can verify and approve new driver registrations, ensuring compliance with
eligibility criteria.

2. Request Assignment:
Admins assign service requests to available drivers based on factors like location,
availability, and skillset.
They can prioritize requests or assign them manually based on urgency or
importance.

3. Dashboard and Reporting:

Admins have access to comprehensive dashboards displaying key metrics and
analytics.
They can generate reports on request volume, resolution times, user feedback,
and driver performance.

4. Communication:
Admins can communicate with users and drivers regarding request assignments,
updates, or clarifications.
They can send broadcast messages or notifications to all users or drivers when
necessary.

5. System Configuration:
Admins have the authority to configure system settings, such as request
categories, priority levels, and notification preferences.
They can customize workflows and approval processes to streamline service
operations.

These detailed features provide a comprehensive overview of the capabilities and

functionalities available to each user role in the web application.

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3.4 Impact | Synopsys for Waste Management System Project

The impact of the project can be significant, benefiting various stakeholders involved in
the service management process. Here are some key impacts:

1. Improved Efficiency:
The project streamlines the service request process, reducing manual efforts and
paperwork.
Automation of tasks such as request assignment and tracking enhances
operational efficiency.

2. Enhanced Customer Experience:

Users experience faster response times and improved communication regarding
their service requests.
Transparency in request tracking and status updates increases user satisfaction
and trust in the service provider.

3. Optimized Resource Utilization:

Efficient assignment of requests to drivers based on proximity, availability, and
skillset maximizes resource utilization.
Route optimization tools minimize travel time and fuel consumption, leading to
cost savings.

4. Better Decision-Making:
Administrators gain access to real-time data and analytics through dashboards
and reports.
Insights into request volume, resolution times, and user feedback facilitate data-
driven decision-making and process improvements.

5. Increased Accountability:
Clear assignment and tracking of requests improve accountability among users,
drivers, and administrators.
Performance metrics and feedback mechanisms hold stakeholders accountable
for service quality and responsiveness.

6. Scalability and Adaptability:

The project's architecture is designed for scalability, allowing for the seamless
addition of new users, drivers, and features as the service expands.
Flexible configurations and customization options enable the system to adapt to
changing requirements and operational needs.

7. Positive Organizational Impact:

The project enhances the organization's reputation for delivering efficient and
reliable services.
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Improved service quality and customer satisfaction contribute to positive brand

perception and customer loyalty.
8. Social and Environmental Benefits:
Reduced response times and optimized route planning contribute to lower carbon
emissions and environmental impact.
Faster resolution of service requests positively impacts the community by
addressing issues promptly and effectively.

Overall, the project's impact extends beyond operational improvements to encompass

customer satisfaction, resource optimization, and organizational growth. It enhances
service delivery processes, fosters accountability, and contributes to positive social and
environmental outcomes.

3.5 Limitations | Synopsys for Waste Management System Project

While the project offers various benefits, it's essential to acknowledge its limitations to
manage expectations and address potential challenges. Here are some limitations of
the project:

1. Dependency on Technology:
The success of the project relies heavily on technology infrastructure, including
servers, databases, and network connectivity. Any downtime or technical issues
can disrupt service delivery.

2. User Adoption Challenges:

Users, drivers, and administrators may face a learning curve when adapting to
the new system, leading to resistance or reluctance to change.
Training and support resources may be required to facilitate user onboarding and
adoption.

3. Data Security Risks:

Storing and processing sensitive user data, such as personal information and
service requests, poses security risks.
Data breaches or unauthorized access can compromise user privacy and damage
the organization's reputation.

4. System Scalability Limits:

While the project architecture may be designed for scalability, there could be
practical limits to the system's ability to handle a growing volume of users,
requests, and data.
Scaling infrastructure and resources to accommodate increased demand may
require additional investments and resources.

5. Integration Challenges:
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Integrating the project with existing systems, such as CRM (Customer

Relationship Management) or ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems, may
present challenges.
Compatibility issues, data synchronization, and workflow alignment could hinder
seamless integration.
6. Geographic Limitations:
Geographic constraints, such as coverage areas or service availability may limit
the project's effectiveness.
Rural or remote locations may have limited access to technology infrastructure,
affecting the reach and impact of the project.

7. Maintenance and Support Requirements:

Maintenance and support are essential to ensure the project's long-term viability
and performance.
Regular updates, bug fixes, and user support services may require dedicated
resources and investment.

8. Regulatory Compliance Issues:

Depending on the industry and jurisdiction, the project must comply with
relevant regulations and data protection laws, such as GDPR (General Data
Protection Regulation) or HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
Act).
Ensuring compliance adds complexity and may necessitate changes to processes
and procedures.

9. Cost Considerations:
Implementing and maintaining the project incurs costs related to technology
infrastructure, software development, training, and support.
Budget constraints may limit the project's scope or hinder the implementation of
desired features and enhancements.

10. User Experience and Accessibility:

Ensuring a seamless and intuitive user experience across different devices and
platforms can be challenging.
Accessibility considerations for users with disabilities may require additional
design and development efforts.

By acknowledging these limitations, stakeholders can proactively address challenges

and mitigate risks to maximize the project's success and impact

3.6 Future Scope | Synopsys for Waste Management System Project

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The future scope of the project encompasses potential enhancements, expansions, and
advancements that can further improve service delivery, user experience, and
organizational efficiency. Here are some future scope considerations for the project:

1. Enhanced Mobile Experience:

Develop dedicated mobile applications for users, drivers, and administrators to
provide seamless access to service features on smartphones and tablets.
Implement mobile-specific features such as push notifications, location-based
services, and offline capabilities for improved user engagement and convenience.

2. Predictive Analytics and AI Integration:

Utilize predictive analytics and machine learning algorithms to forecast demand,
optimize resource allocation, and improve service scheduling.
Implement AI-powered chatbots for automated customer support, request
triaging, and resolution recommendations, enhancing operational efficiency and
user satisfaction.

3. IoT Integration for Smart Services:

Integrate Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as sensors and smart meters, to
enable proactive monitoring and management of service infrastructure.
Explore opportunities for IoT-enabled smart services, such as predictive
maintenance, automated meter readings, and remote diagnostics.

4. Expanded Service Offerings:

Diversify service offerings to cater to a broader range of user needs and
preferences.
Introduce new service categories, subscription plans, or value-added services to
enhance the project's value proposition and revenue potential.

5. Blockchain for Transparency and Trust:

Explore the use of blockchain technology for secure and transparent transaction
management, data integrity, and auditability.
Implement blockchain-based solutions for tracking service requests, verifying
authenticity, and ensuring trust between stakeholders.

6. Integration with Smart City Initiatives:

Collaborate with municipal authorities and smart city initiatives to integrate the
project with broader urban development efforts.
Leverage data sharing and interoperability standards to contribute to smart city
ecosystems and initiatives focused on sustainability, resilience, and citizen well-
being.

7. Partnerships and Ecosystem Development:

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Forge partnerships with complementary service providers, technology vendors,

and industry stakeholders to expand the project's ecosystem.
Explore opportunities for cross-platform integrations, interoperability, and value-
added services through strategic alliances and collaborations.
8. Continuous Improvement and Innovation:
Establish mechanisms for continuous feedback collection, user engagement, and
iterative improvement of service features and functionalities.
Foster a culture of innovation and experimentation to explore emerging
technologies, user trends, and market opportunities for sustained relevance and
competitiveness.

9. Global Expansion and Localization:

Assess opportunities for global expansion into new markets and regions with
similar service needs and demographic profiles.
Customize the project's features, language support, and regulatory compliance to
address local requirements and preferences in target markets.

10. Sustainability and Social Impact:

Integrate sustainability principles and social impact initiatives into the project's
strategy and operations.
Implement green technology solutions, community engagement programs, and
corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives to contribute positively to
environmental and social well-being.

By embracing these future scope considerations, the project can evolve into a dynamic
and resilient platform that delivers value to stakeholders, fosters innovation and
contributes to positive societal outcomes.

After Creating Synopsys of our project we will start building Software Requirement
Specification for our project, which will be our next phase.

Step 4- Requirement Gathering (Creating SRS for Waste

Management System)
This is the next phase after the submission of the synopsis report. We can do this
process before the Synopsys report creation as well , It is all depends upon the project
and their requirements. After getting an overview of the project now, we can easily
gather requirements for our project.

Requirement analysis, also known as requirements engineering or elicitation, is a

critical phase in the software development process. It
involves gathering, documenting, and analysing the needs and constraints of a
project to define its scope and guide subsequent development.

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Requirement Gathering Phase

We develop a detailed Software Requirement Specification for the Waste

Management System Project , in this process which will have all the details about the
project from Technical to Non Technical Requirements.

Software Requirement Specification (SRS) Document | Waste

Management System Project
Below are some of the key points in a Software Requirement Specification Document:

Purpose
Scope
References
Introduction
Overall Description
Product Perspective
Product Function
User Classes and characteristics
Operating Environment
Assumptions and Dependencies
Functional Requirements
Software Requirements
Hardware Requirements
Database Requirements
Non-Functional Requirement
Usability Requirements
Security Requirements
Availability Requirements
Scalability Requirements
Performance Requirements
Design

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ER Model of WMS
Use Case Diagram
System Features

Note: To know more about What is a SRS Document or How to write a good SRS for
your Project follow these articles.

Let’s Start building a Software Requirement Specification for Waste Management

System Project Document for our project:

4.1 SRS (Waste Management System) | Introduction:

4.1.1 Purpose:

The purpose of the project is to streamline service management processes by

providing users with a convenient platform to create, track, and manage service
requests efficiently. By connecting users, drivers, and administrators through a
centralized system, the project aims to improve operational transparency, optimize
resource allocation, and enhance overall service delivery. Through automation, data-
driven decision-making, and user-centric design, the project seeks to elevate customer
satisfaction, increase organizational efficiency, and foster innovation in service
management practices. Ultimately, the purpose is to create a seamless and user-
friendly experience that meets the evolving needs of stakeholders while contributing
to positive societal impact and organizational growth.

4.1.2 Scope of the Project:

The scope of the project encompasses the development and implementation of a

comprehensive service management platform designed to streamline and optimize the
handling of service requests. This platform will serve as a central hub for users,
drivers, and administrators to interact and manage service-related activities efficiently.
Key features include request creation, tracking, assignment, and reporting
functionalities, tailored to meet the diverse needs of stakeholders. The scope extends
to the integration of advanced technologies, such as mobile applications, predictive
analytics, and IoT devices, to enhance service delivery and user experience.

Furthermore, the project scope includes the customization and configuration of the
platform to align with the specific requirements and workflows of the target
organization. This involves thorough analysis and documentation of existing processes,
followed by the design and implementation of tailored solutions to address pain points
and improve operational efficiency. Additionally, the scope encompasses the
development of scalable architecture and robust security measures to ensure the
platform's reliability, scalability, and data integrity.
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Moreover, the project scope extends beyond technical implementation to encompass

training, support, and change management initiatives. This includes the provision of
user training sessions, documentation, and ongoing support resources to facilitate
smooth adoption and utilization of the platform. Change management strategies will
be employed to minimize resistance to organizational changes and maximize user
acceptance. Additionally, the project scope involves continuous monitoring, evaluation,
and enhancement of the platform to adapt to evolving needs and emerging
technologies, ensuring its long-term relevance and effectiveness in meeting
organizational goals.

4.1.3 References:

Books:

Software Requirements (Microsoft) Second Edition By Karl E. Wiegers

Fundamentals of Database System By Elmasri
Software Requirements and Specifications: A Lexicon of Practice, Principles and
Prejudices (ACM Press) by Michael Jackson
Fundamentals of Software Engineering By Rajib Mall
Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach Fifth Edition By Roger S. Pressman

4.2 SRS (Waste Management System) | Overall Description:

4.2.1 Product Perspective:

From a project perspective, the initiative aims to revolutionize service management by

leveraging advanced technology to create a user-centric platform. By streamlining
request handling processes and enhancing communication between users, drivers, and
administrators, the project seeks to improve operational efficiency, increase customer
satisfaction, and drive organizational growth. Through a combination of innovative
features, robust infrastructure, and strategic partnerships, the project endeavors to
establish itself as a leading solution in the service management domain, delivering
tangible value to stakeholders while promoting sustainability and social impact.

4.2.2 Product Functions:

The project functions encompass a range of capabilities designed to facilitate seamless

service management. These functions include:

1. Request Creation: Users can easily create service requests through the platform,
providing details such as request type, description, and urgency.
2. Request Tracking: Users have the ability to track the status of their requests in real-
time, receiving updates and notifications as the requests progress.

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3. Request Assignment: Administrators can assign service requests to available

drivers, considering factors such as location, availability, and skillset.
4. User and Driver Management: Administrators can manage user and driver profiles,
including registration, verification, and access control.
5. Communication: Users, drivers, and administrators can communicate seamlessly
through the platform, facilitating collaboration and information exchange.
6. Reporting and Analytics: The platform provides comprehensive reporting and
analytics capabilities, allowing administrators to gain insights into request volume,
resolution times, and user feedback.
7. Route Optimization: Drivers can optimize their routes for efficient service delivery,
minimizing travel time and fuel consumption.
8. Feedback Management: Users can provide feedback on the resolution of their
requests, enabling continuous improvement of service quality.
9. Mobile Access: Users, drivers, and administrators can access the platform through
dedicated mobile applications, ensuring convenience and accessibility on the go.
10. Integration: The platform can integrate with existing systems and technologies,
such as CRM and GPS, to enhance functionality and interoperability.

These functions collectively empower stakeholders to streamline service operations,

improve customer satisfaction, and drive organizational success.

4.2.3 Class Diagram and Characteristics:

A class diagram is a structural diagram that represents the structure of a system by

depicting classes, their attributes, operations (methods), and the relationships between
them. In the Waste Management System, the class diagram can be explained as
follows:

Class diagram of Waste management system

Classes:

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1. User: This class represents the users of the system who can raise and track waste
collection requests. It may have attributes such as name, address, contact
information, and methods like raiseRequest(), trackRequest(), and viewDashboard().
2. Driver: This class represents the drivers responsible for collecting and disposing of
waste. It may have attributes like driverName, driverID, and methods like
checkAssignedRequests(), resolveRequest(), rejectRequest(), and
viewDriverDashboard().
3. Admin: This class represents the administrators who manage the system. It may
have attributes like adminName, adminID, and methods like
assignRequestToDriver(), createDriver(), deleteDriver(), rejectRequest(), and
viewAdminDashboard().
4. Request: This class represents the waste collection requests raised by users. It may
have attributes like requestID, requestType, requestDescription, requestStatus, and
requestor (a reference to the User class).
5. Vehicle: This class represents the vehicles used by drivers for waste collection. It
may have attributes like vehicleType, vehicleCapacity, and a reference to the Driver
class.

Relationships:

Association: An association relationship exists between the User and Request

classes, as a user can raise multiple requests. Similarly, an association exists
between the Driver and Request classes, as a driver can handle multiple requests.
Aggregation: An aggregation relationship exists between the Driver and Vehicle
classes, as a driver can be assigned one or more vehicles for waste collection.
Inheritance: The Admin and Driver classes can inherit from a common base class,
such as Employee, which may have common attributes like employeeID and
employeeName.

4.2.4 General Constraints:

For your waste management system, here are some general constraints:

1. Data Storage and Accessibility:

All information related to users, waste requests, drivers, and administrators must
be stored in a database accessible by the waste management system.
MongoDB will be used as the database engine and database for storing data
related to waste requests, users, drivers, and administrators.

2. System Availability:
The Waste Management System is expected to operate 24/7 to ensure
continuous service availability for users, drivers, and administrators.
High availability measures, such as redundant servers and failover mechanisms,
should be implemented to minimize downtime and ensure uninterrupted service.
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3. Accessibility for Users:

Users should be able to access the Waste Management System from any device
with internet browsing capabilities and an active internet connection.
The system should be responsive and optimized for various screen sizes and
devices to provide a seamless user experience.

4. Authentication and Authorization:

Users must authenticate themselves with correct usernames and passwords to
access their accounts and perform actions within the waste management system.
Role-based access control mechanisms should be implemented to enforce proper
authorization and restrict access to sensitive functionalities based on user roles.

5. Data Security:
Robust security measures, such as encryption, access controls, and data masking,
should be implemented to protect sensitive information stored in the system.
Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments should be conducted to
identify and address potential security risks and vulnerabilities.

6. Compliance with Regulations:

The Waste Management System must comply with relevant regulations and data
protection laws governing waste management practices, data privacy, and
environmental standards.
Compliance requirements may include GDPR, HIPAA, or industry-specific
regulations, depending on the nature of waste management operations and data
handling practices.

7. Scalability and Performance:

The system should be designed to scale horizontally and vertically to
accommodate increasing volumes of waste requests, users, and data over time.
Performance tuning measures, such as query optimization and caching, should be
implemented to ensure optimal system performance and responsiveness under
varying workloads.

These constraints outline the key considerations and requirements that should be
taken into account during the design, development, and operation of the waste
management system.

4.2.5 Assumptions and Dependencies:

Assumptions:

1. The waste management system's code will be developed with a high level of
accuracy and without errors to ensure smooth functionality and reliability.

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2. The system will prioritize user-friendliness, providing an intuitive interface for users
to easily navigate and perform actions.
3. All user, waste request, driver, and administrator data will be stored in a database
accessible by the waste management system, ensuring centralized data
management and accessibility.
4. The system will feature ample storage capacity and efficient database access to
support the storage and retrieval of large volumes of data.
5. The waste management system will incorporate search functionality and optimize
transaction processing to facilitate quick and efficient operations.
6. The system will operate continuously, 24 hours a day, to ensure availability and
accessibility for users, drivers, and administrators.
7. Users will be required to authenticate themselves with correct usernames and
passwords to access their accounts and perform actions within the system, ensuring
security and privacy.

Dependencies:

1. The waste management system's functionality will depend on specific hardware

and software configurations to ensure compatibility and optimal performance.
2. The development and operation of the waste management system will be based on
the requirements and specifications outlined during the planning phase.
3. End users, including administrators and other stakeholders, will require proper
training and understanding of the waste management system to effectively utilize
its features and functionalities.
4. The system will generate and store general reports, providing valuable insights and
data analysis capabilities for administrators and decision-makers.
5. User data will be securely stored in the system's database, and any updates or
modifications related to waste requests will be accurately recorded to maintain data
integrity and reliability.

4.3 SRS | Designing Waste Management System Project:

Use case Diagram:

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Use Case Diagram of Waste Management System

The waste management system serves staff and clients, featuring a search tool based
on waste categories. Staff can manage resources, while clients request services like
waste collection and recycling, adhering to specified criteria. The system notifies users
of service updates and schedules, enhancing communication between providers and
clients.

ER Model of Waste Management System Project:

ER Diagram is known as Entity-Relationship Diagram, it is used to analyze the
structure of the Database. It shows relationships between entities and their attributes.
An ER Model provides a means of communication.

In the waste management system application database, the following entities and
considerations are maintained:

1. Staff Authentication:
Staff members are authenticated using a single-point authentication system,
consisting of a login ID and password for access to the system.

2. Waste Collection Catalogue:

Staff maintain a catalogue of waste collection services, including details such as
waste type, location, service availability, and schedule.

3. Service Providers:
Service providers are registered with unique IDs, contact details, and service
offerings, facilitating efficient coordination and communication.

4. Clients and Users:

Clients and users are registered with user IDs, contact information, and location
details, enabling them to request waste management services and track service
requests.

5. Service Requests and Transactions:

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Users can request waste collection, recycling, or disposal services, with each
request stamped with issue and return dates. If not returned within the
prescribed time, a due date may be assigned.
6. Reporting and Analytics:
Staff generate reports containing user IDs, service request details, and
transaction information, facilitating performance analysis and decision-making.

By maintaining these entities and considerations in the database, the waste

management system application effectively manages waste collection services,
facilitates user interactions, and enables data-driven decision-making for service
providers

Let’s draw an ER Model of Waste Management System :

ER Diagram of WMS

Entities:

1. User
Attributes: _id, name, number, email, address, password, time_stamp

2. Driver
Attributes: _id, name, email, phone, license, vehicle, vehicleType, password

3. Admin
Attributes: _id, name, email, password

4. Request
Attributes: _id, name, address, request_type, message, email, status, time,
assignedDriver, assignedDriverId

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Relationships:

One-to-Many relationship:
The user creates many Requests (User 1 --- * Request)
The driver is assigned to many Requests (Driver 1 --- * Request)
Admin assigns many Requests (Admin 1 --- * Request)

Data Flow Diagram of Waste Management System Project:

A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) visually represents the flow of information within the
waste management system project, showcasing how data, such as waste collection
requests, user details, and service records, moves between various components of the
system.

Processes, represented by circles or ovals, depict activities such as waste collection

scheduling, recycling requests, and data analysis.
Data stores, depicted by rectangles, represent where information is stored,
including databases housing waste management records and user profiles.
Data flows, indicated by arrows, showcase how data moves between processes,
data stores, and external entities like waste management staff and clients.
Let's draw a Data Flow Diagram for the Waste Management System Project:

Zero Level DFD of Waste Management System

More DFDs are above in the same post.

4.4 Functional Requirements | SRS (Waste Management System)

Functional Requirements for the Waste Management System:

1. The system should store information about waste management staff and clients,
including login credentials and service history.

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2. Waste management data should be stored in separate databases, distinguishing

between staff and client records.
3. Users should be able to search for waste management services by type, location, or
availability.
4. The system should generate reports detailing service requests, aiding staff in
decision-making regarding request acceptance or rejection.
5. Modules for waste collection scheduling and service requests should be available,
allowing users to issue requests and track their status.
6. Users should have the ability to search for service requests and renew existing
requests within the system.
7. Administrators must be able to add, remove, and manage waste management
resources and user accounts, ensuring system integrity and efficiency.

4.4.1 Software Requirements:

This software package is developed using HTML(ejs) and TailwindCSS for the front
end.

Operating System: Windows 7, 8, 9, 10 11.

Language: Html, Css, Javascript, TaillwindCSS, Node.js, Express.JS
Database: MongoDB (back end)

4.4.2 Hardware Requirements:

Processor: Intel core i3 or above for a stable experience and fast retrieval of data.
Hard Disk: 40GB and above
RAM: 256 MB or more, recommended 2 GB for fast reading and writing capabilities
which will result in better performance time.

4.5 Non-Functional Requirements | SRS (Waste Management

System)

4.5.1 Usability Requirements:

Our user interface should be interactive simple and easy to understand. The system
should prompt for the user and administrator to log in to the application for proper
input criteria.
The Waste management system shall handle expected and non–expected errors in
ways that prevent loss in information and long downtime periods.

4.5.2 Security Requirements:

System should use secured Database.

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Normal users can just read information but they cannot edit or modify anything
except their personal and some other information.
System will have different types of users and every user has access constraints.
Proper user authentication should be provided.
No one should be able to hack users password.
There should be separate accounts for admin and members such that no member
can access the database and only the admin has the rights to update the database.

4.5.3 Performance Requirements:

The system shall accommodate a high number of books and users without any fault.
Responses to view information shall take no longer than 5 seconds to appear on the
screen.

4.5.4 Error Requirements:

WMS products shall handle expected and non-expected errors in ways that prevent
loss of information and a long downtime period.

4.6 SRS (Waste Management System) | Appendices:

Appendix A:

A: Admin, Abbreviation, Acronym, Assumptions.

B: Books, Business rules.
C: Class, Client, Conventions.
D: Data requirement, Dependencies.
G: GUI.
N: Non-functional Requirement.
O: Operating environment;
P: Performance, Perspective, Purpose;
R: Requirement, Requirement attributes;
S: Safety, Scope, Security, System features;
U: User, User class and characteristics, User requirement;

Glossary:

The following are the list of conventions and acronyms used in this document and the
project as well:

Administrator: A login id representing a user with user administration privileges to

the software.
User: A general login id assigned to most users.
Client: Intended users for the software.

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User Interface Layer: The section of the assignment refers to what the user
interacts with directly.
Interface: Something used to communicate across different mediums.

5. Coding or Implementation of Waste Management System

At this stage, the fundamental development of the product starts. For this, developers
use a specific programming code as per the design. Hence, the coders need to follow
the protocols set by the association. Conventional programming tools like compilers,
interpreters, debuggers, etc. are also put into use at this stage.

Coding Implementation Phase

In Our project, as we will be using node.js and mongodb so we will install all required
software’s:

Environment Creation:

Required Softwares:

Node.js (Installation Guide)

VS Code ( you can use any other suitable editor as well )
Mongodb (Required) and Mongodb Compass (Optional) (Installation Guide)

After we downloaded the above required software now we will start creating our
project . In the following article We will discuss about different different modules
compiled with same category.

We will discuss it stepwise :

4.2 Project Setup

In our project we are using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Tailwind.css and Node.js to build
the project so in this stage we are going to code our project. Before going further lets
talk about the environment we need for the project.

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Source Code: https://github.com/geeksforgeeksorg/Waste-management-

system

Here are the steps to run the code on your computer:

Step 1: Download the source code from GitHub

In this step we download the project from github go to project SOURCE CODE
LINK then click on code then click on Download ZIP. After downloading the zip file
extract the it at your desired path. Make sure you have downloaded the Node.js and
MongoDB on your local computer.

Or you can also clone the repository by the command:

git clone https://github.com/geeksforgeeksorg/Waste-management-system.git

Step 2: Open the Command Prompt or Terminal

Navigate to the folder where you extracted the project files.

Step 3: Install Node.js Dependencies

In the command prompt or terminal, run the following command to install all
necessary packages:

npm install nodemon

npm install

Step 4: Run the Node.js Application

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In the command prompt or terminal (from the project directory), start the application
by running:

npm start

You should see a message indicating that the server is running, typically something
like:

Application is running successfully

DB Connected

Step 5: Access the application

Open your web browser and go to:

https://localhost:3000

You should see your application running.

Admin Module Credentials:

Username: [email protected]
Password: Admin@123

Here are the screenshots of the project:

User Module important screenshots

1/3

Driver Module important screenshots:

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1/3

Admin Module important screenshots:

1/4

Step 6- Testing Waste Mangement System

Testing is a crucial phase in the development of a Waste management system (WMS)
to ensure that it meets its intended requirements, functions correctly, and is free of
bugs. Below are some key steps and considerations for the testing phase of a Waste
management system.

Unit Testing:

Test individual components or modules of the Waste Management System (WMS)

in isolation to ensure their proper functioning.
Identify and fix any bugs or issues found at the component level, such as request
creation, user authentication, or driver assignment logic.

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Integration Testing:

Verify that different modules and components of the WMS work together
seamlessly.
Test the data flow and interactions between various parts of the system, such as the
user module, driver module, and admin module.

Functional Testing:

Validate that the WMS performs its intended functions accurately and efficiently.
Test core functionalities like raising and tracking waste collection requests,
assigning requests to drivers, updating request status, and generating reports.

User Interface (UI) Testing:

Ensure that the user interface is user-friendly, intuitive, and visually appealing for all
user roles (users, drivers, and admins).
Check for consistency in design elements and responsiveness across different
devices and screen sizes.

Performance Testing:

Assess the system's performance under normal and peak load conditions, such as
during high volumes of waste collection requests.
Check response times, scalability, and overall system stability when handling
multiple concurrent users and operations.

Security Testing:

Identify and rectify any security vulnerabilities in the WMS.

Ensure that user data, driver information, and waste collection records are handled
securely, and unauthorized access is prevented.

Usability Testing:

Evaluate the WMS from an end-user perspective to ensure ease of use for all user
roles.
Gather feedback on user interfaces, navigation, and overall user experience for
raising requests, checking assignments, and managing the system.

Compatibility Testing:

Test the WMS on various web browsers, operating systems, and devices to ensure
cross-platform compatibility.

Regression Testing:

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Conduct tests to ensure that new changes, updates, or fixes do not negatively
impact existing functionalities of the WMS.
Re-run previously executed test cases to verify the overall system stability after
introducing changes.

Deployment Testing:

Conduct tests in the production environment to ensure a smooth transition from the
testing phase to the live operation of the WMS.
Verify that the system functions as expected when deployed in the real-world
environment

Step 7- Creating Project Presentation on Waste Management

System:
In this phase of software development, Team will have to present their work in front of
authorities and they will judge your work and give suggestions on the improvement
areas. Please make sure to host your web project before this step to make a good
impression on the judges and authorities.

The ideal length of the ppt should be min 10 slides and maximum 15 slides , you will
not have too much time to explain your project so prepare your presentation carefully
using important key points.

Project Presentation Phase

Some of the key points (slides) which your presentation should have are given below:

1. Project Name and Team Details

2. Introduction
3. Purpose
4. Project Scope
5. Problem Statement
6. Proposed Solution
7. Product Functionalities
8. Flow chart of the project

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9. Analysis of model
10. Summary

Step 8- Writing a Research Paper on Waste Management System

Project:
You can also write a research paper on the basis of your work . The Research paper
will explore the significance of implementing an Integrated Waste Management
System Project (WMS) to enhance the efficiency, accessibility, and overall functionality
of libraries.

Key points for this paper includes:

Abstract
Introduction
Related Work
Methodologies Used
Features
Result and Discussion
Acknowledgement

Future Enhancements for Waste Management System Project

IoT and Sensor Integration: Deploy smart waste bins with fill-level sensors and
GPS tracking to optimize collection routes and schedules based on real-time data.
Mobile Apps: Develop user-friendly mobile applications for users to raise requests,
drivers to update statuses, and admins to monitor performance on the go.
GIS Integration: Incorporate Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for spatial
analysis, mapping waste collection points, routes, and disposal facilities for better
planning.
Gamification and Incentives: Introduce gamification elements like rewards,
leaderboards, and social media integration to encourage user participation, promote
sustainable practices, and foster community engagement.

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Check Out Some Other CS Projects down below:

Meeting Application Project
Hospital Management System Project
Food Delivery Application Project
Online Learning Management System ( SRS )
E-Commerce Website Project in Software Development
Online Chat Application Project in Software Development
URL Shortener Generator Project
Creating and Hosting E Portfolio Website from Scratch | Portfolio Website Project
Weather Forecast Project
Age Calculator Application Project

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