Republic of the Philippines

North Eastern Mindanao State University

Maharlika, Bislig City, Surigao del Sur
Telephone No. 086-645-6452
www.sdssu.edu.ph
PRINCIPLES OF REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
SHEAR IN BEAMS
Another type of beam failure other than bending is shear failure. 422.5.5 𝐕𝐜 for Non-Prestressed Members without Axial Force
Shear failures are very dangerous especially if it happens before 422.5.5.1 For non-prestressed members without axial force, Vc shall be
flexure failure because they can occur without warning. To avoid calculated by:
shear failure, the Code provides permissible shear values that
𝐕𝐂 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝛌√𝐟𝐜′ 𝐛𝐰 𝐝
have larger safety factors compared to bending failure, thus
ensuring ductile type of failure. unless a more detailed calculation is made in accordance with Table
Shear failure is an undesired type of failure and commonly stirrups 422.5.5.1.
are placed in the beam to prevent the shear failure. Table 422.5.5.1
Detailed Method for Calculating 𝐕𝐜
𝐕𝐜
Least 𝐕𝐮 𝐝 a
of a, (𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝛌√𝐟𝐜′ + 𝟏𝟕𝝆𝐰 )𝐛 𝐝
𝐌𝐮 𝐰
b, b
(𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝛌√𝐟𝐜′ + 𝟏𝟕𝝆𝐰 ) 𝐛𝐰 𝐝
and c
𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝛌√𝐟𝐜′ 𝐛𝐰 𝐝 c

422.5.6 𝐕𝐜 for Non-Prestressed Members with Axial Compression

422.5.6.1 For non-prestressed members with axial compression, Vc
shall be calculated by:
𝐍𝐮
𝐕𝐂 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕 (𝟏 + ) 𝛌√𝐟𝐜′ 𝐛𝐰 𝐝
𝟏𝟒𝐀 𝐠
unless a more detailed calculation is made in accordance with Table
422.5.6.1, where Nu is positive for compression.
Table 422.5.6.1
Detailed Method for Calculating 𝐕𝐜 for Non-Prestressed Members
with Axial Compression
𝐕𝐜
Least 𝐕𝐮 𝐝 a
of a, (𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝛌√𝐟𝐜′ + 𝟏𝟕𝝆𝐰 ) 𝐛𝐰 𝐝
𝟒𝐡 − 𝐝
b, 𝐌𝐮 − 𝐍𝐮 𝟖
and c Equation a not applicable if 𝐌 − 𝐍 𝟒𝐡−𝐝 ≤ 𝟎 b
422.5.10.1 At each section where Vu > ∅Vc , transverse 𝐮 𝐮 𝟖

reinforcement shall be provided such that the following 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝐍𝐮 c

equation is satisfied. 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝛌√𝐟𝐜′ 𝐛𝐰 𝐝√𝟏 +
𝐀𝐠
Vu
Vs ≥ − Vc
∅
422.5.10.2 For one-way members reinforced with transverse 422.5.7 𝐕𝐜 for Non-Prestressed Members with Significant Axial
reinforcement, Vs shall be calculated in accordance with Tension
Section 422.5.10.5. 422.5.7.1 For non-prestressed members with significant axial tension,
422.5.10.5.3 Vs for shear reinforcement in Section VC shall be calculated by:
422.5.10.5.1 shall be calculated by: 𝐍𝐮
𝐕𝐂 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕 (𝟏 + ) 𝛌√𝐟𝐜′ 𝐛𝐰 𝐝
Av fyt d 𝟑. 𝟓𝐀𝐠
Vs =
s where Nu is negative for tension, and Vc shall not be less than zero.
where s is the spiral pitch or the longitudinal spacing of the
shear reinforcement and Av is given in Section 422.5.10.5.5 STEPS IN DESIGNING STIRRUPS
and Section 422.5.10.5.6. 1. Solve for the factored shear force Vu .
422.5.10.5.5 For each rectangular tie, stirrup, hoop, or 2. Solve for nominal shear strength of concrete, Vc .
crosstie, Av shall be the effective area of all bar legs or wires 3. Vu > ∅Vc , stirrups are needed.
within spacing s. ∅Vc
Vu > , use minimum amount of stirrups.
422.5.10.5.6 For each circular tie or spiral, Av shall be two 2
∅Vc
times the area of the bar or wire within spacing s. Vu < , no stirrups are needed.
2
SITUATION 1. A 6-meter long simply supported beam carries a SITUATION 3. A continuous beam is reinforced as shown.
factored concentrated load of 500kN acting at midspan and As = 8-20mm diameter bars b = 350mm
factored axial compressive load of 250kN. The beam is 300mm A′s = 4-20mm diameter bars h1 = 100mm
wide and has a total depth of 700mm. It is reinforced at the ds = 10mm diameter h2 = 400mm
bottom side with 3-32mm ∅. The effective depth is 630mm and a = 45mm
compressive strength of concrete = 27.6MPa, tensile strength
kN
of bars = 276MPa. Concrete weighs 23.54 m3 .
a. Compute the ultimate shear force at critical section.
b. Compute the nominal concrete shear capacity of the
beam using detailed calculation.
c. Compute the maximum permissible spacing of 10mm ∅
stirrups.
d. Compute the actual spacing of 10mm ∅ stirrups.

SITUATION 2.

concrete fc′ = 34MPa

Longitudinal steel fy = 413MPa
Transverse ties fyv = 275MPa
clear concrete cover = 40mm
a. Calculate the shear strength provided by the concrete.
b. The 10mm diameter ties are spaced at 100mm on
centers. What is the shear strength provided by the shear
reinforcement?
c. What is the maximum allowable tie spacing?

Beam Sections: for 𝐀𝐃, 𝐁𝐄 and 𝐂𝐅 = 250mm × 400mm

Girder Sections: for 𝐀𝐁𝐂 and 𝐃𝐄𝐅 = 350mm × 600mm
Dimensions:
s = 3m L = 6m
concrete cover to the centroid of reinforcements = 70mm
concrete compressive strength 20.7MPa
reinforcing steel yield strength 275MPa
Loads:
Dead Load D = 5.5kPa (beam weight already included)
Live Load L = 4.8kPa (all spans)
Required Strength = 1.2D + 1.6L
Strength Reduction Factor phi = 0.75
a. Determine the critical design shear stress in beam BE.
b. Calculate the shear strength provided by the concrete in
beam BE.
c. Determine the spacing for the two legs of 10mm ∅.
d. Using NSCP, determine the maximum spacing of
stirrups.