Be Better

Don’t be the same

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 Your inner potential cannot
develop without your willingness
and conscious participation

- Philip Arnold

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 ECE/EEE/INSTR F341:
Analog Electronics
Lecture 1: Course Introduction
BITS Pilani Tue , 19 Jan 2021
Dr. R. N. Ponnalagu, EEE
Hyderabad Campus
About the course
Course No. and Title : ECE /EEE /INSTR F341 Analog Electronics
Instructor-in-charge : Dr. R. N. Ponnalagu Email [email protected]
Instructor Lecture L2 : Prof. Prabhakar Rao
Tutorial Instructors : Dr. R. N. Ponnalagu (T1 and T6)
Prof. Prabhakar Rao (T2 and T5)
Dr. P. K. Pattnaik (T3 and T4)
Lab Instructors : Dr. R. N. Ponnalagu, Prof. Prabhakar Rao,
Dr. P. K. Pattnaik, Dr. Amit Kumar panda
Lab experiments will be conducted by Simulation using LTspice
Schedule : Lecture : Tue, Thu, Sat, 11 am – 11.50 am,
Tutorial : Tue and Sat 8 am – 8.50 am

Lab : Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri 5.00 to 6.50 pm

4 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Google classroom :
Link for joining classroom:
https://classroom.google.com/c/MjMzNjQwMjkxNjY2?cjc=it5gdy3

link

5 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Scope, objective and course outcomes
Scope and Objective of the Course
The aim of the course is to deal with various electronic techniques and building blocks, used
in analog signal processing applications. Discrete and Integrated electronic circuits will be
studied. Experiments and projects using discrete IC modules will be carried out in the
laboratory.
Course Outcomes
After learning the course, students will be able to
• Design analog electronic circuits using opamps and discrete components for linear and non-
linear signal processing (real time) applications.
• Analyse a given analog integrated circuit and evaluate its performance.
• Convert analog to digital and digital to analog signal of desired accuracy and resolution
using data converters.
• Design voltage regulators and power supply using regulator ICs and sinusoidal and non-
sinusoidal signal generators using opamps and timer ICs.

6 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Books to follow
Textbooks:

TB1 L.K. Maheshwari, Analog Electronics, PHI, 2005

TB2 L.K. Maheshwari and M.M.S. Anand, Laboratory Experiments & PSPICE Simulation in
Analog Electronics Experiments, PHI, 2005.
Reference books

R1. A.S. Sedra, K.C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, 5th Ed., Oxford, 2004.
R2. Sergio Franco, “Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits”, 3rd
Ed. McGraw Hill.
R3. Ramakant A. Gayakwad, “Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits”, 4th Ed., 2015,
Pearson.

7 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Evaluation Scheme

Nature of the
Component Duration Weightage (%) Date & Time
Component
Midsem 30 % (60) 04.03.2021 Open book
90 minutes
11.00 to 12.30 pm
Quizzes/Assignment To be 10 % (20) To be announced Open book
announced
Laboratory – Regular 15 % (30) Lab hours Lab experiments
Lab hours
lab evaluation /Open book
Laboratory Quiz 10 % (20) To be announced Lab experiments
To be
/Laboratory /Open book
announced
Assignment
Comprehensive exam 120 minutes 35 % (70) 10.05.2021 AN Open book
TOTAL 100 % (200)

8 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

General Instructions
• Chamber consultation hour: Wednesday : 4.00 to 5.00 pm
o Please email me with your question, if possible
o Notices concerning the course will be displayed on CMS L component
o Lab experiment manual will be uploaded in CMS L component
• Make-up policy
o Make-up will be given only under exceptional circumstances and with prior permission.
o No make up for Quizzes/assignments.
• Course plan as given in the handout uploaded in CMS L

9 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

 BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus

Introduction to Analog Electronics

 “We live in a digital world
but we are fairly analog creatures”
Omar Ahmad

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Why Study Analog Electronics?

▪ Too many so called “digital devices” are

available.
▪ But the world around us is Analog.
▪ Light, sound, temperature, pressure, acceleration,
music, speech all are analog quantities.

Global electronics market

consumed more than 150
billion analog ICs in 2017

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Global Analog IC Market Growth 2020-2025
Over the next five years the Analog IC market will register a 6.5% CAGR in terms of revenue.

Global market size will reach $ 79850 million by 2025, from $ 61990 million in 2019.

▪ Increasing adoption of IoT in various industries (Industry 4.0) is demanding the analog IC design.
▪ Analog devices has a large portfolio of sensing, measuring, interpreting, connecting and power management
parts.
▪ Rising proliferation of smartphones, feature phones, and tablets are driving the market.
▪ Analog ICs are used in a wide range of applications including fourth and fifth generation (4G/5G) radio base
stations, portable device batteries, electric vehicles.
▪ RFICs (Radio Frequency ICs) which are widely used in cellphones and wireless devices are analog circuits that
usually run in the frequency range of 3 kHz to 2.4 GHz (3,000 hertz to 2.4 billion hertz) circuits that would work
at about 1 THz (1 trillion hertz) being in development, which will further grow the analog IC market in this
segment.
▪ The market is growing, as every digital consumer product, from appliances and cell phones to music players, has
analog ICs feeding its digital heart, including other applications, such as automotive, communication, military,
health care, communication, aerospace and consumer electronics, etc.
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List of Top Key-players/Leading Manufacturers of Analog (IC)
Market report :

➢ Texas Instruments
➢ Renesas
➢ Analog Devices
➢ Skyworks Solutions
➢ ST Microelectronics
➢ Infineon
➢ ON Semiconductors
➢ NXP Semiconductors
➢ Microchip
➢ Maxim Integrated
➢ Qualcomm
➢ Mixed-Mode Technology
➢ Taiwan Semiconductors
➢ Richtek Technology
Why Study Analog Electronics?

Signal contains information about a variety of things or activities

in the physical world.
ex.
Information about weather which is in the form of a signal that represent the air temperature, pressure & wind speed.
Voice of a singer – acoustic signal.
Status of a reactor
➢ To extract useful information from the signal(s), the observer (human or machine) invariably
need to process the signal in some predetermined manner. – Signal processing
➢ Conveniently performed by electronics systems.
➢ First requirement???
➢ Signal should be in electrical form (either voltage or current)
➢ How to get that?
➢ Transducers
➢ ex. Microphone – Pressure transducer which converts sound waves into voltage.
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Why Study Analog Electronics? – contd..

In our course we will assume that our signals of interest are in electrical domain (Voltage or Current)

a. ???
b. ???
a. Thevenin form
b. Norton form

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Why Study Analog Electronics? – contd..

Analog signal
• Amplitude of signal exhibits continuous variation over its
range of activity
• All signals existing in nature are analog
• Electronic circuits used for processing analog signals are
analog circuits

Discrete time signal then quantized

and digitized to obtain digital signal
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Analog vs Digital

• ANALOG • DIGITAL

• Analog systems compute with • Digital systems compute with discrete

continuous values/signals of physical values of physical variables (0s and 1s).
variables

• Computations may be offset prone since • Immune to noise.

it is sensitive to mismatch in physical
parameters and noise.

• Cascading many analog stages • Complex systems are easily built.

accumulate noise; complex systems are Mostly blocks/modules are repeated.
difficult to build.

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
 Analog vs Digital

• DIGITAL
• ANALOG

• Analog signal processing is faster • Data conversion is needed which

and does not requires data requires time.
conversion.

• Wider band width and dynamic • Dynamic range depends on the

range number of bits

• Uses continuous (infinite) range of • Finite range of values

values to represent information

INSTR F312 : Transducers & Measurement Systems– Dr. R. N. Ponnalagu, EEE 21 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
INSTR F312 : Transducers & Measurement Systems– Dr. R. N. Ponnalagu, EEE 22 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Why Study Analog Electronics? – contd..

Further processed in digital system

Conditioned by amplifiers and filters Ex.
and converted to digital by ADC Mixing, editing, special effects addition
Transmission, storage and retrieval

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Ex. Analog system for strain measurement

Physical Change

VS R
Vo =
Resistance Change 2 R

Voltage
Change

Analog Electronics

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Analog system as Weigh Scale

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Ex. Blood Pressure monitor

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Why Study Analog Electronics?
• To design

• Power supply
• Voltage regulators
• Voltage converters
• Battery management
• Amplifiers (different varieties)
• Data converters
• Clock and timing circuits
• Sensor products
• Switches
• Transmitters/ receivers
• Filters
• Signal generators
• Interface circuits
• Driver circuits
• Smart and intelligent sensors
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus