VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI

A Project Work Phase-1 Report on

“VEHICLE SPEED DETECTOR USING ARDUINO UNO”

Submitted in partial fulfilment for curriculum prescribed for seventh

semester Bachelor’s degree in
Electrical & Electronics Engineering
During the year
2023-24

PROJECT ASSOCIATES

1. JAYANTH KUMAR M H [3PG21EE411]

2. ONTIGODI KIRAN KUMAR [3PG21EE422]
3. PRADEEP SINGH [3PG21EE424]
4. VARUN H P [3PG21EE436]

Under the Guidance of

Prof. SINDHU.R M.Tech

Assistant Professor

PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
T.B. DAM, HOSAPETE-583225
V.V. SANGHA’S
 V.V.SANGHA’S

PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
T.B. DAM, HOSAPETE-583225.
(AFFILIATED TO VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI & APPROVED BY
AICTE, NEW DELHI.)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Main project work Phase-1 entitled “VEHICLE SPEED
DETECTOR USING ARDUINO UNO” is a bonafide work carried out by
“JAYANTH KUMAR M H (3PG21EE411), ONTIGODI KIRAN KUMAR
(3PG21EE422), PRADEEP SINGH (3PG21EE424), VARUN H P (3PG21EE436)”
in partial fulfillment for curriculum prescribed for seventh semester Bachelor of
Engineering in “Electrical & Electronics” of the Visvesvaraya TechnologicalUniversity,
Belagavi, during the year 2023-2024. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions
indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the
department library. The main project work phase-1 report has been approved as it
satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Main project work phase-1 prescribed
for said Degree.

.................................. ......................................
Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD
Prof. SINDHU.R M.Tech Prof. PRAKASHA .S M.TECH. (PhD)

......................................................
Signature of the Principal
Dr. U.M. Rohitha M.Tech.PhD

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I express deep sense of gratitude to my guide Prof. Sindhu R Assistant

Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PDIT, Hospet,
for his invaluable guidance and suggestions imparted at various stages in carrying
out this project work successfully.
I would like to thank, Prof. Prakasha S Main Project Phase-1 Coordinator,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PDIT, Hospet, for his
extended encouragement and support during this Main project work.
I would like to add a few words to express my thanks to Prof. Prakasha
S, HOD of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, of PDIT, Hospet, for their
valuable and unstinted advice from time to time.
I am grateful to Dr. Rohitha U M, Principal, PDIT, Hospet, for having
provided us an excellent academic environment which has nurtured our practical
skills and for kindly obliging the requests and providing timely assistance.
I express my sincere thanks to all the faculty and staff members of
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PDIT, Hospet, for their
kind and constant support throughout the Main project Phase-1 report.
I would like to thank the Almighty, who has always guided me to work on
the right path of the life. My greatest thanks are to my parents who bestowed
ability and strength in me to complete this work.
I am also thankful to the authors whose work has been consulted, utilized
and cited in this report.
Words are often less to reveal one’s deep regards. An understanding of
work like this is never the outcome of the efforts of a single person. I take this
opportunity to express my profound sense of gratitude and respect to all those
who helped me directly and indirectly throughout the duration of this Main
project Phase-1.

PROJECT ASSOCIATES
JAYANTH KUMAR M H
ONTIGODI KIRAN KUMAR
PRADEEP SINGH
VARUN H P

iii
 DECLARATION

We, are hereby undertake that the Phase-1 project work entitled “VEHICLE
SPEED DETECTOR USING ARDUINO UNO” is carried out by us
independently under the guidance of Prof. Sindhu R, Department of Electrical
& Electronics Engineering, PDIT, Hospet, in partial fulfillment for curriculum
prescribed for seventh semester Bachelor of Engineering in “Electrical &
Electronics” of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during the
year 2023-2024. The project has been my original work and has not formed the
basis for the award of any degree, associate ship, fellowship or any other similar
titles.

PROJECT ASSOCIATES
JAYANTH KUMAR M H
ONTIGODI KIRAN KUMAR
PRADEEP SINGH
VARUN H P
iv
 ABSTRACT

There are definite rules laid out by authorities about driving cars on roads. The most
common rule in any country is speed limit in certain roads i.e. you will be in violation
of the law if your car speed exceeds this limit. In order to detect the speed of a moving
car, the patrolling officers usually depend on a handheld gun that works on Radar
Technology or Lidar Technology. This is a tedious process as the officer has to
manually check for over speeding for each vehicle. Vehicle Speed Detection or Vehicle
Speed Measurement using IR Sensor and Arduino UNO in this tutorial, we will measure
the speed of the vehicle using IR sensor, Arduino, and 16×2 LCD. In this project, we
will use two IR sensors and place it at a certain distance. As we know that to measure
the speed, we need distance and time. In order to find time, we will use the logic that
the first IR sensor will detect whether there is some vehicle present in front of the sensor
or not. Then the timer will start and will measure the duration up to the second IR
sensor. The time we will get will be in milliseconds, so, in order to convert milliseconds
into seconds, we will divide it by 1000. In this project, we have placed the two IR
sensors at a distance of 20 centimeters which is equal to 0.2 meters. Now, we want our
measured speed to be displayed in the kilometers per hour. So, in order to get the values
in the kilometer per hour, we will use the following equation. 1m/s = Km/1000 x
3600/hr. = 3.6Km/ hr. 1m/s = 3.6Km/hr. This logic will be used in our coding to
measure the speed of the vehicle.

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 CONTENTS
Page no.

Certificate ii
Acknowledgement iii
Declaration iv
Abstract v
Contents vi
List Of Figures vii
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Basic Information .................................................................................1-2

CHAPTER 2. PROBLEM STATMENT

Problem Statement .................................................................................. 3

CHAPTER 3. LITERATURE SURVEY

Literature Survey on General papers .................................................... 4-5

CHAPTER 4. BLOCK DIAGRAM AND COMPONENTS

4.1 Block diagram ......................................................................................... 6
4.2 Transmission Section ............................................................................... 6
4.3 Power Supply ........................................................................................... 6
4.4 Arduino UNO .......................................................................................... 7
4.5 LCD Display ............................................................................................ 7
4.6 I R Sensors ............................................................................................... 8

CHAPTER 5. ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

5.1 Advantages… .......................................................................................... 9
5.2 Applications ............................................................................................. 9

CHAPTER 6. FUTURE SCOPE

Future Scope……………………………………………………...........10

Reference .................................................................................................................. 11

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES

Sl. Figure Figure Description Page

No. No. No.
1 1.1 Graph Of Road Accidents In India 1
2 4.1 Block Diagram 6
3 4.2 Arduino UNO Mother Board 7
4 4.3 16*2 LCD Display 8

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VEHICLE SPEED DETECTOR USING ARDUINO UNO

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

We all know that over speed is the major cause for road accidents. In this busy life schedule,
people always prefer to drive at very speed rather than low speed to reach their respective
places in time. Thus, it is necessary to understand the need of a technology which would be
used as a speed limit enforcement system. A system which helps to limit the speed of the
vehicles and the owner would be punished under the law due to over speed and this is the best
method for making people to drive at normal designated speeds. In some places, traffic
policemen are there to monitor to proper functioning of traffic on roads and at some places,
traffic places RADAR system is used and this is a technology which is based on the Doppler
Effect and with just one trigger it can determines the speed of the vehicles. Every system
whether it is a RADAR or any other it manually requires a human to take for watching the
vehicles passing by and to report if any vehicle breaks the law or over speeds. Every system
uses advancements in technology to prioritize the automation over human handled machines.
So, the traffic monitoring system should also be made as automatic which is possible in many
ways. This paper is an idea of one of such system. The project is developed by keeping in view
all the disadvantages mentioned above and is named as Speed Check and over speed detector.
This system mainly focuses on calculating the speed of approaching vehicle that over speeds.

Fig 1.1

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Rash driving is the cause of many road accidents all over the world.More than 1,60,000 people
were killed on roads .The traffic population has increased considerably in India as there is no
means to control or monitor the speed of vehicles running on roads. This system proves highly
effective in detection of over speed driving.In this project two IR sensors, IR transmitter (IR
LED), one IR receiver (photo diode) are placed on the Arduino board. When any vehicle
crosses the two-car sensors, both IR sensors are connected to the interrupted pin of Arduino
and identify the fall wave and the time between activating the Arduino’s internal timer sensor.
And then they measure the speed and distance covered by any moving object, displayed on a
digital monitor or on a 16×2 LCD screen. So, let us start with an arduino f rom this
measurement circuit.

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CHAPTER 2
PROBLEM STATEMENT

Due to the RADAR method need integrate with expensive equipment, the cost to develop
vehicle speed detector system with this method will be high. Therefore, develop a low cost
vehicle speed detector system is needed. This low cost vehicle speed detector system will use
image processing method which will only need a video recorder and a computer is enough to
create this system. Although the cost using RADAR method is high, it will also have error and
not 100% accurate [9]. When the direction of the radar gun is not on the direct path of the
incoming vehicle, it will happen cosine error. This will cause the result of the speed that the
vehicle that being track become not accurate.

In fact, RADAR method, can only track one car at a time. This is another limitation of this
method. With image processing technology, the system can track more than one car at a same
time [9]. Besides that, although with image processing has a lot of advantages, but it also has
disadvantages, such as illuminating problem and overlapping problem. When the lighting
condition is not good, the result of tracking may be degraded. For example, when it is rainy
day, the environment is dark then the vehicle may be hard to track. On the other hand,
overlapping will also cause the tracking object hard to be track. For example, when 2 vehicle
move at the same lane and both car drive close to each other, then the rear view of the vehicle
will be block by the car that follow behind. This can cause those two object track as one object
or hard to be track. Besides that, if a car that being track block by a big truck moving on the
road, then the tracking process will be interrupted or fail.

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CHAPTER 3

LITERATURE SURVEY

A literature survey on Speed Sensing machine using Arduino involves studying various
research papers, articles, patents and technical documents related to this technology. There are
some key points often covered in such a survey.

The first thing is that, we have divided them into multiple avenues of survey research. With an
approach such as above, we aim to clearly demarcate the Hardware and Software ingenuity we
aim to develop with our project.

Using this method, one can easily attribute various survey ideas into their project, by keeping
in mind their usage and the problem-solving implementation. Various surveys have been used
by us, and these surveys have been divided into hardware and software respectively. This
signifies that, there is a separate usage for each side of our development and research. Keeping
this in mind, we have taken use of the following papers-

• Vishal Pande has proposed a framework for autonomous speed control of over speeding
vehicle using Radio Frequency to design a controller to control vehicles speed and
display to monitor the zones which can run on an embedded system platform.

• Monika Jain presented a device to detect the rash driving and alerts the traffic
authorities in case of any violation. This frame of reference intends to design a system
aimed at early detection and alerts vehicles driving patterns which is related to rash
driving. The speed limit is by the police at very location who uses the system depending
on the traffic. This device reports, displays and data base system for over speed
violation management.

• Amar Narayan developed speed estimation system that alerts drivers about driving
conditions, robust and reliable and helps to avoid joining traffic jams is an important
problem that has attracted lots of attention recently.

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VEHICLE SPEED DETECTOR USING ARDUINO UNO

• Nehal Kassem et.al introduced a novel RF based vehicle motion and speed detection
system which can detect vehicle motion estimates the vehicle speed in typical streets
with an accuracy of 90% and detects motion with an accuracy of100%.

• Ni Hlaing designed a system that detects the speed of the vehicle in the roads, main
highways and the places where the drivers over speed. If the speed exceeds the limit,
the information will be sent to PC (Personal Computer) which starts the camera which
captures the vehicle of over speed.

This is a modification that implements the use of speed sensing machine using arduino
respectively. After choosing the following papers mentioned above, we discussed on how these
aspects of papers can be utilized as per the convenience of our project and the prototype
respectively. Based on that research and discussion we formed a basic idea of out project that
is to be worked on respectively.

Based on the above composition of discussion and research, we have performed exhaustive
analysis and preform a to achieve good degree of uniquity in our project that aims to be a
prototype and also a product as well. Above literature survey is done in accordance with the
college library and also with proper citations and references.

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CHAPTER 4

BLOCK DAIGRAM AND COMPONENTS

4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 4.1

4.2 TRANSMISSION SECTION

There is a transmitter and receiver depends on the direction of the vehicle that is there is no
particular specification on these Infra-Red (IR) sensors they act as both transmitter and
receiver. The main aim of this is to calculate the speed of the vehicle or human being.

4.3 POWER SUPPLY

The board requires a 5 Volts power to make it work, the sensor and all other hardware devices
works in this much of power.

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4.4 ARDUINO UNO

The Arduino is having the following pin configuration: There are some 28 pins for making the
input and output from the Arduino board. These pins are very much helpful for the making the
board do some useful work for example it can be used to take some sensor values from the
sensors and make the decision based on the programming we have done on it. The board is
having a ATMEGA microcontroller which is like a heart of the board.

Fig 4.2

4.5 LCD DISPLAY

The below figure is a simple LCD display device which is available in the market its 16X2
display where one can able to view the 16 characters in each line and having a maximum of 2
lines. In most the embedded projects, LCD modules are very commonly used because of its
cheap price, programmer friendly and availability. LCD is a very important part of the
application to display the speed of the particular moving object. LCD’s are thinner and lighter
when compared to LED and cathode ray tube. it has major application in the field of science
and engineering on electronic devices. LCD’s provides excellent contrast. LCD’s consists of
some microwatts for display in comparison to some mill watts for LEDs. The major
applications in the field of science and engineering as well on electronic devices.

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Fig 4.3

4.6 IR SENSORS

First two digital IR Sensors are used, which is of an IR Transmitter i.e., IR LED and an IR
Receiver i.e., Photo diode, a Comparator IC and a few supporting components. To form a
Reflective Type IR Sensor, IR Transmitter and Receiver pair are placed side-by-side.

In this type, the IR Transmitter continuously emits Infrared radiations and if there is object in
front of the sensor, some of the infrared radiation hits the object and gets reflected back. The
reflected radiation falls on the IR Receiver, which means that detects the object by the sensor.
But if there is no object in front of the sensor, none of the Infrared Radiation gets reflected back
to the IR Receiver. Some IR Sensors has option to produce both Analog and Digital Outputs
but the module used has digital outputs but the module used has only digital output i.e if object
is detected the output is HIGH and if no object found the output will be LOW.

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CHAPTER 5

ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

5.1 ADVANTAGES:

➢ They reduce the risk of accidents.

➢ It is easy to implement.
➢ It reduces the man effort.
➢ It automatically captures speed without any human

5.2 APPLICATIONS:

➢ Highways.
➢ Two lane road constructions.
➢ Emergency response.
➢ Event traffic control.
➢ With this project you count how many numbers of vehicles passes on this day.
➢ Also it can be used as a traffic logger or traffic counter.
➢ Helps to accelerate vehicle speed without personal involvement.

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CHAPTER 6
FUTURE SCOPE

This project creates a straightforward and easy device for speed photography and speed
monitoring. because the number of accidents in highways is increasing day to day, it is therefore
necessary to verify the speed of vehicles and reduce the accidents on the highways as well as
to provide safe travel by controlling the vehicle by reduction of its accuracy. It also reduces the
complexity of the local road door and makes it easier to control collisions on highways. officers
can do their job while sitting in the control room and can provide their service freely and
accurately. this idea is further expanded in the future by combining a camera with a system that
can capture a photo of a car’s plate to send that to traffic officials.

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REFERENCE

[1] Vishal Pande, Malhar Malhar Mohite, Supriya Mhatre, Siddhesh Desai, Anjali Kumari,
“Autonomous Speed Control of Over Speeding Vehicle’s Using Radio Frequency”,
International Journal of advanced Research in Electronics, Electronics and Instrumentation
Engineering Vol.4,Issue 4, April 2015.

[2] Monika Jain, Praveen Kumar, Priya Singh, Chhavi Narayan Arora, Ankita Sharma,
International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing a Monthly Journal of
Computer Science and Information Technology, Vol. 4, Issue. 4, April 2015. “A system
Detection of over Speeding Vehicles on Highways”.

[4] Amarnarayan, Challa Saikumar, Chandra Mohan, Ajaykumar, Sridhar IJCRD (International
Journal of Combined Research and Development) May 2016 Automatic Over Speed
Controlling of Vehicle”.

[5] Nehal Kassem, Ahmed E. Kosba and Moustafa Youssef, IEEE 75th VTC (Vehicular
Technology Conference). RF-based vehicle detection and speed estimation”.

[6] Rajesh Kannan Megalingam, Vineeth Mohan, Paul Leons, Rizwan Shooja and Ajay M,
IEEE (GHTC) Global Humanitarian Technology Conference , pp. 528- 533, 2011. “Smart
traffic controller using wireless sensor network for dynamic traffic routing and over speed
detection “ .

[7] Automatic number plate recognition system for vehicle identification using optical
character recognition,” International Conference on Education Technology and Computer, pp.
335-338, April 2009 by Muhammad Tahir Qadri and Muhammad Asif. .

[8] Shyr-Long Jeng, Wei-Hua Chieng and Hsiang-PinLu Estimating Speed Using a Side-
Looking Single-Radar Vehicle Detector, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation
Systems. .

[9] “Vehicle Speed Measurement using camera as sensor” by A. Nurhadiyatna, B. Hardjono.

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