Class 9 Information Technology

Communication Skills
1. Define the term Communication?
Communication-- The term ‘communication’ has been derived from the
Latin word “Communis”, that means ‘common’, so ‘to communicate’
means ‘to make common’ or ‘to share’. Communication is the meaningful
exchange of information between two people (sender and receiver) or a
group of people. Communication is a two-way process.

2. Explain importance of Effective Communication?

a. It forms the base of co-ordination- the two-way communication process
promotes co-operation and mutual understanding amongst the
employee and also between them and the management.
b. Basis of decision making—accurate and timely communication
provides information to an employee that is beneficial in decision
making. No decisions can be made in the absence of information.
c. Smooth workflow—to run organization smoothly and efficiently,
coordination among employee is essential and it is possible with
communication only.
d. Increase Employee competence—communication is important to
convey the targets to his team and also give instructions as how it can
be done.
 e. Boosts confidence of the employees—good communication improves
good human relations in the organization and helps workers to adjust
to the physical and social aspect of work.
3. List advantages of improving communication skills?
a. A person will have a clearer understanding of what people are saying
to you
b. People will be less likely to misunderstand you.
c. Problems will be solved quickly.
d. Person will be able to identify others needs and you will be able to
resolve conflicts.
4. List 7 C’s for effective communication.
Ans- Courtesy, Clarity, Conciseness, Correctness, Concreteness,
Completeness, Consideration.

5. Explain Element of communication.

 Sender—The person who initiates the communication process.
 Message- the information, idea, or feeling that the sender wants to
communicate
 Encoding—the process of converting the message into symbol, words or
gestures that will be understood by the receiver.
 Channel—the medium through which the message is transmitted, such
as oral, written or electronic.
 Receiver— the person for whom the message is intended.
 Decoding—the process of interpreting and understanding the message
by the receiver.
 Feedback—the response or reaction of the receiver to the message,
which lets the sender know if the message was understood as intended.
 Context- context is the situation that forms the setting for an event,
statement or idea, in which your message is delivered.

6. What do you mean by Barrier to communication?

Ans- Barriers to communication are obstacles or challenges that hinder
the effective exchange of information between a sender and a receiver.
These barriers can occur at any stage of the communication process.

7. Explain types of barriers.

a. Physical Barrier—These include noise, distance, closed doors and any
physical factors that interface with the transmission or reception of a
message.
b. Sematic Barrier—These arise from differences in language,
vocabulary and the meaning of the words leading to misunderstanding.
 c. Psychological Barrier- These include biases, prejudices, emotions and
mental state, which can affect how a message is sent, received and
interpreted.
d. Organizational Barrier—These barriers are related to the structure,
culture, polices and procedure of an organization, which can impede
the flow of communication.
e. Cultural barrier- Differences in cultural backgrounds, norms, values,
and customs can lead to misunderstanding and misinterpretations.
f. Technological Barriers- Issue related to the use of communication
technology, such as malfunctioning equipment, poor internet
connection or incompatible software can hinder effective
communication.
g. Perception Barrier—Different person perceive the same thing
differently and hence crucial to effective communication.

8. How does education affect chances of attaining a job? And what role does
communication skills play?
Education plays a critical role in job attainment for several reasons:
a. Qualifications and Requirements- Many jobs have specific educational
requirements. For instance, certain professions like doctors, engineer
and lawyers require advanced degrees. Even for entry-level positions,
employees often prefer candidates with some level of formal education,
whether it’s a high school diploma, bachelor’s degree or higher.
b. Skills and knowledge—education provides individuals with the
necessary skills and knowledge required to perform specific job tasks.
A well-rounded education equips individuals with problem-solving
abilities, critical thinking skills, and a broad understanding of their field,
making them more valuable to potential employers.
 c. Career advancement- higher levels of education are often associated
with better career prospects and higher salaries. Individuals with
advanced degrees typically have access to a wider range of job
opportunities and are more likely to be considered for leadership
position.
d. Networking opportunities—educational institutions often provide
networking opportunities that can be valuable for job seekers. Alumni
networks, career fairs, internships and other educational experiences
can help individuals connect with potential employers and advance
their careers.

9. List the communication barriers and explain.

ANs- The common communication barriers are-
a. Language barrier- Differences in language and dialect can make
communication difficult. For example, if someone speaks English and
another person speaks only French, they may have difficulty
understanding each other.
b. Cultural Barrier—differences in cultural backgrounds can lead to
misunderstandings, Gestures, customs and social norms can vary
widely between cultures and can impact communication.
c. Physical Barriers—Physical barriers such as distance, noise or lack of
access to technology can hinder communication. For example, poor
phone reception a noisy environment can make it difficult to hear or
understand someone.
d. Psychological Barriers—these include factors such as emotions,
attitudes and preconceptions that can affect how people communicate.
 For example, if someone is angry or upset, they may not be able to
communicate effectively.
e. Perceptual Barriers—Differences in perception can lead to
misunderstandings. People may interpret the same message
differently based on their own experiences, belief and values.
f. Organizational Barrier-- these include factors such as hierarchal
structures, poor communication channels and lack of feedback
mechanisms within organizations that an inhibit effective
communication/.

10. How is the culture of a region a barrier in communication in another part

of the world?
Ans- the culture of a religion can be a barrier in communication in another
part of the world due to differences in beliefs, practices and customs …
a. Different values and beliefs- people from different religious
backgrounds may have different values and beliefs, which can affect
how they communicate. For example, a person from a culture where
modesty is highly valued may feel uncomfortable communicating with
someone fro a culture where direct communication is preferred.
b. Misinterpretation of symbols and gestures- Symbols and gestures may
have different meanings in different cultures. For example, a gesture
that is considered polite In one culture may be considered offensive in
another. Tis can lead to misunderstandings and miscommunications.
c. Taboos and sensitivities—Different cultures may have different taboos
and sensitivities that need to be considered in communication. For
example, discussing certain topics such as politics, religion or personal
matters may be considered inappropriate in some cultures.
 d. Language barriers- Religious cultures may have their own language or
use religious terminology that is unfamiliar to people from other
cultures. This can make it difficult for people to communicate effectively
if they are not familiar with the language or terminology.
Understanding and respecting the cultural and religious
differences of others is essential for effective communication across different
parts of the world.

11. Methods of communication.

a. Verbal Communication- involves the use of spoken words and is one
of the most common and direct forms of communication. It can be
further divided into followings categories-
Face-to-face Direct conversation between individuals
communication
Telephone or Mobile Conversations over the phone or mobile devices
Communication
Video Conferencing Real-time video communication, often used for
meetings and conferences

Oral Communication—Oral Communication involves the use of spoken

words to convey messages. It is a key aspect of verbal communication.
Example of Oral Communication include- Formal communication and
Informal Communication.

Formal Communication- It includes lectures, conferences, discussions,

brainstorming sessions.
Informal Communication- It includes chat, gossip and casual
conversations.
 b. Non Verbal Communication- it involves conveying messages without
the use of words. This can include:
Type What it implies How to make use of non-
verbal communication
effectively
Body Movements of parts of the  Avoid pointing at people
Language or body, especially hands or with your finger.
Gestures head to express an idea or  Instead of keeping your
meaning. For example, hands in pocket while
raising a hand may mean talking, try to keep your
asking a question. hands on the sides.
 Bend your head a little
while talking or listening
to show that you are
paying attention.
Facial Expressions that convey  Keep your face relaxed.
Expressions emotions and reactions. Like  Try to match ypur
smiling to show happiness expression with what
and making a sad face when you are sayng.
you are upset  If you agree with
something, you may nod
while listening, which
indicates that it as your
assent
Eye Contacts The use of eye movements  Look at the person who
and contact to communicate is speaking
indicate interest, whereas,  Keep a relaxed,
pleasant look
 looking away can make the  Break the look every few
other person feel ignored seconds.
Paralinguistic Tone of our voice, speed and  Use a proper tone and
Volume that makes a volume while speaking.
difference in the meaning of  Maintain a moderate
the communication. rate.
Speaking too fast may show
excitement or nervousness
and speaking too slow may
show seriousness, sadness
or making a point.
Posture Postures are the position of  Keep your upper body
the body. They show our relaxed and shoulders
confidence and feelings. For straight.
example, straight body  Sit straight, rest hands
posture is seen as and feet in relaxed
confidence. position
 Keep hands by your
sides while standing
Space The space between two  Maintain proper space
person while depending on the
communicating, generally relationship, which could
depends on the intimacy or be formal or informal or
closeness between them the closeness with the
person with when you
are talking.
Touch We communicate a great  Shake hands firmly
deal through our touch, such
 as shaking hands and patting  Avoid other touch
on the back. For example, gestures such as
sports coaches pat on the stroking your hair,
back of the players to scratching your nose etc
encourage the players. during formal
communication.

c. Written Communication- It involves the use of written words to convey

messages. This includes:

Letters Traditional way of sending written messages

Emails Electronic method of sending written messages
Text Short written messages sent via mobile phones
Messages
Reports Detailed written documents on specific topics
Memos Brief written communications, often used within an
organization.
Social Media Messages shared on social media platforms
Posts
 d. Visual communication—It involves the use of visual elements to
convey messages. This includes:

Graphs and Visual representation of data

Charts
Diagrams and Drawings that explain concepts or processes
Illustrations
Videos Recorded visual media
Photographs Still Images
Sins and Visual symbols used to convey information quickly.
Symbols
Info graphics Graphic visual representations of information, data or
knowledge
 e. Digital Communication- It encompasses various forms of
communication using digital platforms and technologies:

Social Media Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

Instant Apps like WhatsApp, Messenger and WeChat
Messaging
Forums and Online discussion sites and personal or professional blogs
Blogs
Websites Information shared through web pages
Online Meetings Real-time meetings and presentations over the internet
and Webinars

12. Which method of communication is considered easiest and why?

Ans- The method of communication considered the easiest can vary
depending on context, personal preferences and specific circumstances.
However, Oral communication is often read as the easiest method for
several reasons:
a. Immediate Feedback- Oral Communication allows for instant feedback
and clarification, reducing the chances of misunderstandings. This
immediate interaction makes it easier to correct and adjust the
message on the spot.
b. Personal Connection- Speaking directly to someone can create a more
personal and engaging interaction. The use of tone, pitch and body
language helps convey emotions and build rapport, making
communication more effective and natural.
 c. Spontaneity and Flexibility-Oral communication can be spontaneous
and does not require the time and effort needed to draft, edit and revise
written messages.
d. Ease of Expression- For many people, speaking is more natural form
of communication compared to writing. It requires less formal training
and can be more intuitive, especially for everyday conversations.
e. Efficiency- Oral communication can be quicker for conveying
information and making decisions, particularly in dynamic
environments where time is of the essence.
13. Explain Importance of communication.
Most of the communication, in our day-to-day, is done using body
movements (face, arms, movements etc) and voice control (voice, tone,
pauses etc)

Methods of communication

14. Perspectives in Communication??

Perspectives are ideas, views or fixed ways of thinking. These sometimes
affect our communication. For example, if you have a fixed idea that your
 teacher or father is strict, even when they are being friendly, you may
think they are scolding you even though they are polite.
15. Factors affecting Perspectives in Communication?
Ans-
Factor How the factor can become a barrier
Language In case of use of incorrect words, unfamiliar language and
lack of detail, language can act as a barrier to communicate
what one wishes to convey
Visual Visual perception is the brain’s ability to make sense of what
Perception we see through our eyes.
Past Letting our past experience stop us from understanding or
Experience communicating clearly. For example, The shopkeeper
cheated me last time, let me be careful.
Prejudice Fixed ideas, such as thinking “No one in my class likes me”
may stop a student from communicating openly in the class.
Feelings Our feelings and emotions, such as lack of interest or not
trusting the other person affect communication. For example,
I am not feeling well, therefore, I don’t want to talk”
Environment Noise or disturbance in the surroundings may make
communication difficult. Example- talking to a friend in a
function where there is loud music being played.
Personal Personal factors include your own feelings, habits and ways
Factors of thinking. For example fear, and low confidence may make
communication difficult
Culture Signs which have a different meaning in different cultures,
such as showing a thumb may mean ‘good job’ done for some
people but may be insulting to others
 16. Define Public Speaking?
Public speaking is speaking in front of a large group. It can makes most
peoples nervous. A person can use 3Ps method to etc over fear and
become a confident and effective speaker.

3Ps of Public Speaking

Prepare  Think about your topic
 Think about what your listeners need to know about the
topic.
 Think about the best way to make your listeners
understand your topic
 Write what you plan to say
Practice  Practice by yourself first, talk in front of a mirror
 Talk in front of your family and friends and ask them what
they think.
 Speak clearly, loudly and at the right speed (not very fast
not very slow)
Perform  Take a few deep breaths if you are feeling nervous.
 Think about what you have prepared and start speaking
confidently.
 Chapter-2 Self-Management Skills

1. Explain Self-Management.
Ans- Self-management involves understanding what your interests and
abilities are, having a positive attitude and grooming yourself in order to
develop self-confidence. Being able to manage yourself helps you to
avoid stress and provides opportunities to get involved in fun activities.

2. How can self-management help a human being?

Ans- Self Management can help in-
a. Developing good habits
b. Overcoming bad habits
c. Reaching your goals
d. Overcoming challenges and difficulties

3. What does Self-management include? Explain in detail

Self-management include—
Self-Awareness Knowing yourself as an individual your values, likes,
dislikes, strengths and weaknesses.
Self-Control Ability to control your behavior, discipline etc.
Self-Confidence Believing in yourself that you can do any task that is
given to you and not scared of taking risks.
Problem solving Understanding a problem and finding a solution using
step-by-step method
Self-Motivation Doing tasks on your own without any external
motivation
Personal hygiene Keeping oneself clean, healthy and smart
and grooming
Positive Thinking Expressing certainty or affirmation even in tough
situations
Team work Working together with people to accomplish shared
goals
Time Achieving tasks on time and according the plan
Management
Goal setting Planning concrete goals to be accomplished within a
set timeframe.

4. How can a person identify strengths and weaknesses

Identifying Strengths Identifying Weaknesses
Take time off to think about what Point out the areas where you
you do well struggle and what you find difficult
to do
Think of anything that you are Look at the feedback you receive
always good at from others
Think about what others Be open to feedback and accept
appreciate about you your weaknesses without feeling
small about it. Look at it as an area
of improvement.
5. Differentiate between Interest and Abilities.
Interests are things that we enjoy doing. On the other hand, Ability is an
acquired or natural capacity that enables an individual to perform a
particular job or task with considerable proficiency.

6. Define Self-confidence and explain qualities of Self-confident people.

Self-confidence is a quality we build when we believe in our strength to
success in anything we do in life. People who are confident believe that
they can do anything given to them in any situation.
 Self-belief
 Hard Work
 Positive Attitude
 Commitment

7. What are the factors that affect self-confidence?

Some of the factors that decrease self-confidence—
a. When we think we cannot do a particular work.
b. When we keep thinking of our past mistakes and feel bad about it,
instead of learning from them.
c. When we expect to be successful at the first attempt itself and do not
try again.
d. When we surrounded by people who have a negative attitude, which is
reflected in their speech.
8. How self-confidence can be built?
There are three steps to build self-confidence-

9. What do you mean by Positive thinking? Explain in detail.

Ans- Positive thinking requires a person to look at the good in things,
observe, understand and patiently work towards improving them rather
than worrying and/or looking for the bad in things.
Positive things lead to good results like
 Overcoming challenges
 Making you do well or making you an energetic individual
 Helping you get better at work, and
 Making you and people around you happy

10. How can a person make their thinking positive?

There are few simple steps to cultivate a positive attitude in life—
 You can use the abbreviation “SMILE” to understand it.

11. Identify ways in which you can develop a positive attitude.

Ans- Developing a positive attitude involves adopting various practices
and mindsets that can help you maintain optimism and resilience. Some
of effective ways to cultivate a positive attitude:
 Practice Gratitude
 Surround yourself with Positive People
 Engage in Regular Exercise
 Mindfulness and meditation
 Set and achieve goals
 Positive Self-Talk
 Limit exposure to negative influences
  Learn and grow
 Help others
 Take care of your health
 Laugh and have fun
 Seek professional help if needed.

12. List three things you will do for personal grooming in each of CARE,
WASH AND AVOID to keep clean

13. Demonstrate the techniques to wash your hands effectively.

Ans- Essential steps of hand washing-
a. Wet hands with water
b. Apply enough soap to cover all hand surfaces
c. Rub hands pal, to palm
d. Right palm over left dorsum and vice versa
e. Palm to palm with fingers interlaced
f. Back of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked
g. Rotational rubbing of left thumb clasped in right palm and vice-versa
h. Rub inner surface of palm
i. Rub inner surface using the thumb
j. Rinse hands thoroughly with water
k. Use towel to dry
l. Your hands are clean

14. What do you mean by Personal Hygiene? Why it is important?

Ans- Personal Hygiene is the habit or practice of keeping ourselves clean.
Being healthy allows you to be regular at school, college or work.
It is important because, it helps us
a. Stay healthy
b. Create a good image of ourselves
c. Avoid feeling ashamed in public due to our bad breadth, body, odour
etc.

15. Define Grooming and its importance.

Ans- Grooming is the process of making yourself look neat, tidy and
smart. The way you dress, and groom can either send the message that
you are confident, smart and sincere.
Grooming is important because they help us in
 Look smart
 Feel confident about ourselves
 Make a good impression of ourselves

16. Define Guidelines for dressing and grooming.

17. Why monitoring progress is considered important?
Ans- Monitoring progress is considered important for several ky reasons:
a. Goal Alignment and Adjustment—Regularly tracking progress helps
ensure that efforts are aligned with the initial goals and objectives. If
deviations are identified, it allows for timely adjustments to strategies
or plans.
b. Motivation and Engagement—seeing progress can be powerful
motivator. It provides a sense of accomplishment and encourages
continued effort and perseverance.
c. Performance Measurement—it provides concrete data to measure
performance against targets. This can be critical in identifying areas
where performance is strong and areas that may require additional
focus or resources.
d. Accountability—Regular monitoring holds individuals or teas
accountable for their performance and actions. It creates a sense of
responsibility and encourages a proactive approach to meeting
objectives.
e. Problem Identification and Resolution—BY keeping an eye on
progress, potential problems can be identified early.
f. Resource Management—Monitoring helps in understanding whether
resources are being directed towards the most impactful activities.
g. Continuous Improvement—It fosters a culture of continuous
improvement. By regularly assessing progress, it is possible to
implement incremental changes that can lead to better processes and
outcomes over time.
h. Transparency and communication—It facilitates clear communication
among stakeholders. Regular updates and reports on progress keep
 everyone informed and aligned, reducing misunderstandings and
ensuring cohesive efforts.
i. Risk Management—It helps in identifying and managing risks early. By
monitoring progress, potential risks can be spotted and mitigated
before they become significant issues.
j. Strategic Planning and Decision Making—It provides valuable data that
can inform strategic planning and decision-making processes.
Understanding what is working and what is not allows for better, more
informed decisions.
Conclusion—monitoring progress is essential for ensuring that goals are
met efficiently and effectively, maintaining motivation and accountability,
identifying and resolving issues early, and fostering continuous
improvement and strategic decision-making.

18. Describe the term Self-evaluation.

Ans- Self-evaluation is when you take a look at your own work and think
about what you did well and what you could do better. It helps you
understand your strengths and weaknesses so you can improve in the
future.

19. List three ideas for checking in with your progress and recognizing
completion on your actions.
a. Progress Journal:
 Description- Keep a journal or a digital document where you
regularly write down what you have done for your IT project.
 How to use it:
 o Everyday or in a week, write a brief summary of what you
accomplished what you found challenging, and what you
plan to do next.
o For example, If you are working on a website, you might
note that you finished the homepage design this week and
plan to work on the about page next.
 Benefits: this helps you keep track of your progress over time and
recognize how much you have achieved. It also helps in identifying any
repeated cha
b. Checklist or Task List:
 Description: Create a checklist or task list for each proect or assignment.
 How to use it:
o Break down your project into smaller tasks. For example, tasks
for a website project could include “Create homepage layout”,
“Add images”, “Write content for the about page”, etc.
o As you complete each task, check it off your list.
c. Regular Review Meetings
 Description: Set up regular review session with a teacher, parent,
or a classmate to discuss your proress.
 How to use it:
o Schedule a regular time, like once a week, to meet and
discuss what you have accomplished.
o During the meeting, share what you have completed, any
obstacles you faced, and your plans for the next steps.
o Ask for feedback and suggestions on how you can improve
or handle any issues.
  Benefits: Getting feedback from others can provide new perspectives and
ideas. It also holds you accountable and keeps you motivated to keep
making progress.
By using these methods, you can effectively monitor your progress and
recognize when you completed your tasks, which can help you stay organized
and motivated in your IT Projects.

20. Explain SMART goal setting for self-management with an example from
your day-to-day life.
Ans- SMART stand for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and
Tie-bound.
a. Specific—The goal should be clear and specific. It should answer the
questions of what you want to accomplish, why it is important, who is
involved, where it is located, and which resource or limits are involved.
b. Measurable—The goal should be quantifiable, allowin you to track
progress and determine when the goal is accomplished. It answers the
questions of how much, how many, and how you will know when it is
accomplished.
c. Achievable—The goal should be realistic and attainable, but still
challenging. It answers the question of how the goal can be
accomplished and whether you have the necessary skills and
resources.
d. Relevant—the goal should matter to you and align with other relevant
goals. It answers the question of whether this goal is worthwhile and if
it is the right time.
e. Time-bound—The goal should have a deadline or a defined timeframe.
It answers the question of when the goal will be achieved.
Example from Day-to-Day Life—
Scenerio: Suppose you want to improve your fitness level by incorporation
regular exercise into your daily routine.
Smart Goal: “I will improve my fitness by going for a 30-minute run in the park
near my house, five days a week, for the next three months.”

a. Specific:
 What: Improve fitness by running.
 Why: To enhance overall health and well-being
 Who: Myself
 Where: In the park near my house
 Which: Running gear like shoes, comfortable clothing, and a fitness
tracker.
b. Measurable:
 How much: 30-minute runs
 How often: 5 days a week
 How long: For the next three months
 Measurement: Track the duration and frequency of runs using a
fitness app.
c. Achievable:
 Assess current fitness level to ensure running for 30 minutes is
attainable.
 Plan a gradual increase in running time if currently not achievable.
 Ensure availability of necessary resources like running gear and
time in the schedule.
d. Relevant:
 Aligns with the broader goal of improving overall health.
 Considers current health conditions and fitness levels.
  Fits into daily schedule without causing undue stress or conflict with
other commitments.
e. Time-bound:
 Start date: From today
 End date: In three months
 Set intermediate check-ins, like weekly or monthly reviews, to
assess progress and make adjustments if needed.
By using the SMART criteria, the goal becomes clear, realistic, and structured,
enhancing the chances of successful achievement and making it easier to track
progress and stay motivated.

21. Describe how positive thinking helps in self-management.

Ans- Positive thinking plays a crucial role in self-management by
influencing your mindset, behavior and overall approach to life’s
challenges. There are some ways in which positive thinking can enhance
self-management:
a) Improved Stress Management
b) Increased Resilience
c) Enhanced Motivation
d) Better Health and Well being
e) Improved Relationships
f) Enhanced Problem-Solving Skills
g) Increased Focus and Productivity
h) Provide sense of ownership and control over own behavior
i) Increases self-confidence and improve decision-making
j) Helps to develop critical thinking and problem solving approach
 k) Inculcate effective task and time management
l) Enables efficient goal setting and goal achievement
m) Improves adaptability and optimism.

22. Define Factors that influence Self-Confidence

Self-confidence is influenced by a variety of factors, which can be broadly
categorized into internal and external factors. Understanding these
factors can help individuals build and maintain a healthy level of self-
confidence.
Internal Factors-
 Self-Awareness
 Self-Esteem
 Past Experiences
 Self-Talk
 Competence and skills
 Physical and Mental Health
External Factors
 Social Support
 Environment
 Cultural and Societal Influences
 Education and Training
 Feedback and Recognition
 Role Models and Mentors
Cultural Factors
Physical Factors
Social Factors
 Part B Unit 3: Digital Documentation

1. What is Word Processor?

Ans- A word processor is a software program capable of creating, storing,
editing formatting, inserting and modifying pictures, graphs, tables and
printing the document. Word processor provides much greater flexibility
than text editor, such as Microsoft Notepad or Word pad that only allows
creating and editing plain text documents.

2. Describe features of Word Processor?

Ans- Word processor has the following features-
a. Editing—Editing means correction, modification, insertions or
deletions. You can insert or delete text anywhere in the document.
b. Formatting—like boldface, underlining, different font and size,
adjustable margins make the document presentable in form or style.
c. Spell check—it allow user to check the spelling of words. It even
provides you with the alternate spellings.
d. Grammar checking- it is used to check the grammatical mistakes and
it gives the alternative to correct.
e. Footnotes and cross reference- automates the numbering and
placement of footnotes and enables you t easily cross-reference other
sections of the document.
f. Mail-merge—you can end the same document to a number of
people/addresses.
3. Write examples of Word Processor.
Ans- Example of Free/open source Word-Processor software:
OpenOffice Writer of Suite LibreOffice and Apache OpenOffice
Example of Proprietary Word Processor- Microsoft Word, Apple Pae of
Apple
Example of Web-based Word-Processor- Google Docs, Office 365 Word,
Microsoft OneDrive Word.

4. What do you mean by WYSIWYG

Ans- WYSIWYG stands for What You See Is What You Get. It means a
document appears on the display screen exactly as it will look when
printed.

5. Describe Components of Word Window.

Ans- The different components or elements of Microsoft word are:
 File Tab
 The quick Access Toolbar
 Title Bar
 Ribbon
 Ruler
 Text/Document Area
 The vertical and Horizontal scroll bars
 Status Bar
6. Define word wrapping
As user begin typing the cursor moves along from left to right of the
document. In case the text does not fit into the same line it will
automatically move to the next line. This feature of word processor is
referred to as Word Wrapping.
 7. Shortcut Key Table

Keyboard Shortcut
To save a document Ctrl+S
To open a document Ctrl+o
Select a word Double Click
Select a paragraph Triple click
Select a line Ctrl+click
Undo command Ctrl+z
Redo Command Ctrl+y
To cut/move the selection Ctrl+x
To copy the selection Ctrl+v
Paste special Alt+ctrl+v
Spell & rammar F7
Thesaurus Shift+F7
Bold Ctrl+B
Italic Ctrl+I
Underline Ctrl+U
Justify Ctrl+J
Subscript Ctrl+=
Superscript Ctrl+Shift++
Left Ctrl+L
Right Ctrl+R
Justify Ctrl+J
Center Ctrl+E
 8. By default how many recent documents Word has?
Ans- By default Word has 25 recent documents.

9. Name two application area where word processor is extensively used.

Ans- Academic and Professional Writing, Business Documentation

10. Write steps to create a new document.

Ans- steps to create a new document
Step 1- click on file or press short cut key Ctrl+N
Step 2- Click on New
Step 3- Click on Blank Document
Step 4- Click on Create
A new document will be created.

11. Compare a text editor with a word processor?

Ans- A text editor and a word processor are both tools for creating and
editing text, but they serve different purposes and come with distinct
features.
Text Editor Word Processor
Purpose Designed primarily for Aimed at creating and formatting
writing and editing plain text, documents with rich text,
often used by developers suitable for reports, letters and
and programmers for coding essays. For example, MS-Word
and scripting. For example,
Notepad
Features Offers basic text It provides advanced formatting
manipulation, syntax options, such as fonts, colors
highlighting for code. It and page layouts and supports
focuses on simplicity and multimedia elements like images
efficiency for coding and and tables. It includes tools for
configuration files. spell check, grammar check and
real-time collaboration
Editing It works with unformatted It supports rich text formatting
Capabilities text and excels in handling and structures document
programming and markup elements like headers, footers,
languages. and tables of contents.
File types Commonly handles plain Deals with formatted document
text and code files such as files like .doc, .docx and .odt and
.txt, .html, .css, .js can export to formats like .pdf

Conclusion: A text editor is ideal for coding and plain text tasks, while a
word processor is suited for creating and formatting rich text documents.

12. How many ways, a document can be viewed in MS-Word? Explain each
view.
Ans- A document in Microsoft Word can be viewed in 5 different ways-
a) Print Layout
b) Read Mode
c) Web Layout
d) Outline
e) Draft
a. Print Layout—this is the default view. This view is best used when your
document will contain elements like images, headers and footers,
columns etc.
b. Read Mode—in this view, user can see the document as it would appear
on a printed page.
c. Web Layout view—This view shows the document as it would look if a
web page.in this view, you can see the background text is wrapped to fit
the window and images appear as they would online.
d. Outline View- Using Outline view you can view the document as an outline
and show the outlining tools. This is useful, if user is moving sections of
your documents.
e. Draft View- This view is used to view the document as a draft, to enable
you to quickly edit the text. Certain elements of the document, such as
headers and footers, will not be visible in this view.

13. Describe the two methods of changing the view of the document.
Ans- there are two ways of changing the view –
a. User can click the view tab and then choose a particular view from the
views group.
b. Alternatively, user can use the view buttons next to the zoom slider in
the bottom right of the work space.

14. How user can select text?

Ans- user can select text by using keyboard or mouse or a combination
of both devices.
a. Using Keyboard- to select using Keyboard, position the cursor to the
left of first character from where you wish to select the text. Hold down
the shift key and move the cursor by using the keyboard.
 b. Using Mouse- to select the text using mouse, follow the steps:
(1) Position the cursor to the left character to be selected.
(2) Hold down the left mouse button and drag it to the end point of
selection.
(3) Release the mouse button
(4) The selected text gets highlighted.

15. How user can delete a text?

Ans- Using a Keyboard- to delete a character
a. Place the cursor on the left of the character to be deleted.
b. Press Delete key
Or
a. Place the cursor to the right of the word to be deleted.
b. Press Backspace Key.
Using Keyboard- To delete a word:
a. Place the cursor on the left of the word to be deleted
b. Hold down the ctrl key
c. Press Delete key.
Or
a. Place the cursor on the right of the word to be deleted
b. Hold down the ctrl key
c. Press Backspace key.

Using Mouse-
a. Select the word and press either delete key or the backspace key.
16. Define Undo Command
Ans- Undo command is used to reverse the last action. By default word,
saves 100 undoable actions.

17. Define Redo Command.

Ans- Redo command is used to reverse the undo command

18. What do you mean by Copy and paste command?

And-Copy command creates a duplicate of the selected text. Paste
command is used to paste the selected text in another location of the
document where the insertion point is positioned.

19. What do you mean by cut and paste command?

Ans- Cut command deletes the selected text from its original position the
paste command then pastes the text in the document where the insertion
point is positioned.

20. What is the difference between cut/paste and copy/paste command?

Ans- Cut/paste command delete the selected text from its original position
and paste in the new position. Copy/paste command create the copy of
the text in the new position.

21. Define Spell and grammar options. Explain the reason of different
colored lines.
ANs- it helps users to identify and correct spelling and grammatical errors
in their text. it is available on Review Tab, in the proofing group. It shows
three colored lines- Red, Green and Blue
Red Line- indicates a spelling mistake
 Green wavy line- indicate a grammatical mistake
Blue line- indicates contextual spelling error.

22. Define Thesaurus Command.

Thesaurus is a built-in dictionary that provides you with synonyms,
antonyms or alternate spellings for a given word. It is in the Review tab,
in the proofing group.

23. How will you replace a word with its synonym?

Ans- By using Thesaurus Command

24. You have to find the word Hi and replace with Hey!.Which command will
you use?
Ans- Replace command (Short cut key Ctrl+H)

25. What is the usage of Goto command?

Ans- the Goto command is used to quickly navigate to specific locations
within a document.

26. Define Formatting Text.

Ans- Placing the text according to a desired style by changing the font
type, font size, font style and font color and also the alignment of the text
to change how it is displayed on the page is formatting.

27. The default font is Calibri. The size of the text is measured in points.
These are 72 points in an inch. The default font size is 12 points.
 28. What do you mean by Subscript and Superscript?
Ans- Subscript: This command creates small letters below the line of text.
Writing chemical equations is an example of subscript text. For example
c+o2
Superscript: This command creates small letters above the line of text.
Writing mathematical equations is an example of superscript command.
For example: x2+y2

29. Differentiate between Justify and left alignment?

Ans- Alignment means placement of the text with respect to the left and
right margin.
Left Alignment: aligns the selected text to the left with a raged right edge.
Justify Alignment: The text is aligned at both left and right margins.

30. What is the use of header and footer?

Ans- Headers and Footers are sections of a document that appear at the top
(header) and bottom (footer) of each page. They are used to include
information that is repeated across multiple pages, providing consistency and
aiding In navigation

31. What information you can add in a header and a footer?

Ans- Header is displayed at the top of every page on half inch from the
edge of the page. Footer is displayed on the bottom of every page. It is
used to detail information, such as organization or department name,
page number, name of the author etc. it is not a part of the main
document.

32. Write a shortcut keys to print and preview a document.

33. Ans- Short cut key to Print is Ctrl+p and Preview a document is Ctrl+F2

34. Distinguish between page margin and paragraph indenting.

Ans- Page margins are the space that is present in the between the
page edge and the text. The page margins allow the user to control
where the text is to be printed on the page. Paragraph indent is the
distance or the blank space that is needed to separate a paragraph from
the left or right page margins.

35. Write steps to put border around a page or a round the selected text.
Ans- Step 1 Select the text
Step 2 On the Home tab, in the paragraph group, click the border drop-
down list and select Borders and shading option. Borders and shading
dialog box will appear.
Step 3 Click Border tab.
Step 4 select the border type that you want put around a page or around
the text.
Step 5 Click the ok button.

36. How will you modify the style of the heading of your document?
Ans- you can change the font and formatting of a heading style. Just
select the heading text you want to customize, modify its style the way
you want, and then on the home tab, in the style group, right-click the
heading style that you customized and click update heading to match
selection.
37. List the different types of alignment. Which text alignment is most
preferred in documentation?
Ans- there are 4 types of Horizontal alignment: Left, Right, Centralized
and Justified. There are 2 types of Vertical alignment: Top and Bottom.

38. Explain the term indent. What are the different types of indent available
in MS-Word.
Ans- The distance between text boundaries and a page margins is called
indent and the process of providing it is called indentation. There are
broadly types of indents: Positive indent, Negative indent, Hanging
Indent.

39. What do you understand by the term page margin? Explaining with the
help of an example.
Ans- Page margin is the blank space around the edge of the page. You
insert text and graphics in the printable area between the margins. For
example, Headers, footers and page numbers.

40. What is a tab stop? List the different types of tab stops and how can you
remove it if not required
Ans- A quick way to set the margins is by using tab stops on the horizontal
ruler. By default, word sets left-aligned tab stops every half inch. The
different types of tab stops are
 Left tab: aligns the left end of the text with the tab stop.
 Right tab: Aligns the right end of the text with the tab stop.
 Center tab: Aligns the center of the text with the tab stop.
  Decimal tab: Aligns the decimal point in the text (numeric value) with
the tab stop.
 Bar tab: draws a vertical line at the position of the tab stop.

41. Define Table. Why it is used?

Ans- A table is an organized arrangement of data in rows and columns.
Tables are useful for various tasks such as presenting text information
and numerical data.

42. Define Cell.

Ans- Cell is the intersection of row and column. To move from one cell to
another cell in the table, use Tab key.

43. Where is the option to insert table?

ANs- user will click on the insert tab, in the Table group.

44. What do you mean by Merge cell?

Ans- The process of combining two or more cells in the same row or
column into a single cell is called Merge Cell.

45. What do you mean by split cells?

Ans- Breaking up or dividing a cell into multiple cells is called splitting.

46. What do you mean by Mail Merge? List two documents which are
needed for mail merge?
Ans- Mail merge is used to send the same basic letter to a large number
of people. A list of names and addresses and pf the people when the letter
 is to be sent is different. It merges the letter and the address list to such
as to produce multiple letters, labels, envelopes.

The two documents which are needed for mail merge—

a. Main document- the document that contains the main content or text
which is to be sent.
b. Data Source- The file where all the addresses of the receipents are
stored.
The process of combining the main document and data source is called
Merging.

47. What are the steps to perform mail merge?

Mail Merge involves the following three steps:
a. Creating the main document
b. Creating the data source
c. Merging main document and data source

48. Describe the steps to create a data source.

Ans- Go to Mailing-
Select receipts in the mail merge group.
Chose Type a new List…. From the drop down menu.
Create the data source—a new address list dialog box will appear.
Enter the data for each entry. By default, word provides fields like Title,
First name, Last name, Company Name, Address Line 1 etc…

49. What are the steps to merge main document with data source?
Ans- the steps to mere main document with data source are:
a. Prepare your data source: Ensure data source is organized with clear
column headers. (eg First Name, Last Name, Address)
b. Open your main document—open Microsoft word and create a new
document or open an existing document you want to use as the main
document.
c. Start the Mail merge Wizard: follow the step by step mail mere wizard.
d. Select Document type: Choose the type of document you want to create
lie letters, email messages etc
e. Select starting document: after selecting document (current document, or
start from a template or start from an existing document). Click Next :
Select Recipients.
f. Select Recipients: Use an existing list and browse to locate your data.
And open it.
g. Write your letter:
i. Insert place holders for the data fields. Place the cursor where you
want to insert the information from your data source.
ii. Click ‘insert merge field’ in the mailing tan and choose the field you
want to insert like first name, last name etc
iii. Repeat this process for all fields you want to merge.
h. Preview your letter: click preview results in the mailing tab to see how
your document will look with the actual data.
i. Click finish and merge in the mailing tab.
Class 9 Information Technology
Unit 3: Information and Communication Technology Skill 1
1. What do you mean by ICT?
Ans- ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. It
includes a diverse set of technological tools and resources used to
communicate, create, disseminate, store and manage information.
2. What are the basic ICT skills that user need to know?
Ans- The basic ICT skilled that user need to know are-
a. Knowing how to operate computers and
b. Knowing how to browse the internet for collecting, storing and
disseminating information.
3. Explain the usage of ICT at Workplace?
Ans- At workplace, we use different computer software and applications to
compete tasks like
 Making documents, calculations, tables, graphs etc.
 Applications to do every day work like buying thins, booking train
or bus tickets
 Internet banking and making online payments
4. What does Modern ICT include?
Ans- it include
 Creating, curating, managing images and documents
 Gathering and processing data and presenting them
 Working with audio and video tools to create media rich
communications
 5. Explain uses of ICT at home.
Ans- ICT is used at home for Communication, Entertainment, Education
and learning, home automation.
6. Explain uses of ICT in different Sectors.
Ans-

7. What are the emerging skills in ICT?

Ans- Cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence ad Machine Learning, Data
Science and Analytics, Cloud Computing

8. What are the key skills one should possess to use ICT?
Ans- To use ICT, one should possess the following key skills--
 Basic computer literacy
 Internet Navigation
 Digital Communication
 Cybersecurity Awareness
 Data Management
 Software Proficiency
 Problem solving and trouble shooting
 Adaptability and continues learning

9. What is the difference between Mobile phones and smart phones?

ANs- Mobile phones are ICT tools for talking to people but smartphones are
more advanced.
Mobile phones are used to make phone calls and receive calls.
With a smartphone, addition to make and receive calls, user can browse
the web, send emails, make video calls, play games, and listen to music,
watch movies and many more.

10. Write name of Popular Operating System for smartphone.

Ans- Android OS, Apple iOS, Window Mobile
11. What is the difference between TV and Radio as an ICT tool?
Ans- TV and Radio are used as an ICT tool since a long time. Radio is
used to broadcast audio while TV is used to broadcast audio-visual
information to many people.
12. What do you mean by an Apps?
Ans- Apps (Applications) are software programs that perform different
functions. Some of the apps are already present on the phone or tablet.
These are called “Default apps”. Besides, there are hundreds of apps
that can be purchased and downloaded free of cost from online stores.
13. Some of the default Apps installed on smartphones and simple
mobile phones

14. Difference between Smartphone and Tablet.

15. Explain Basic controls of Mobile Device Layout.
Ans- some of the basic controls user see on mobile device are:
 Power button: this is used to star and shut down a mobile
device.
 Screen: A screen on which we perform functions by touching
with our fingers.
 Back Button: User can use the back button to o back to the
previous screen in an application.
 Microphone: this is present at the bottom of the mobile and user
speak into the microphone when we talk to someone.
 Menu Button: This is used to show the options available in a
particular app. This may not be present in all mobile devices.
 Home button: This brings you back to the home screen from
wherever you are on another page or using an app.
 Earpiece: This helps you to listen to voice calls.
 Volume button: this helps you to increase or reduce the sound of your
mobile.
16. Basic Features of Mobile device:

17. Explain Basic Gestures used in mobile phone.

Ans- The basic gesture are:
 Tap: Touch the screen with your finer, once, to click.
 Tap and hold: This is similar to right-clicking your mouse.
 Drag: To tap, hold and move your finger across the screen.
 Swipe: To slide finer to the right, left, up or down of the screen like
turning a page.
 Double Tap: To tap twice quickly-this is to zoom out (increase the
size) of something. For example, to make a word appear bigger.
 Pinch: To bring thumb and finer together on the screen- to
zoom in (reduce the size). For example, to make a picture appear
smaller.
18. What do you mean by Computer? Identify the basic parts of a
computer.
Ans- A computer system is a programmable machine designed to
store and retrieve information and perform arithmetic and logical
operations to produce meaningful results in desired format.
It consists of 3 main units: Input unit, Central Processing unit (CPU),
Output unit.
Some other important parts of a computer system are storage
devices, ports and connections.
19. List the use of input and output devices.
Ans- Input Unit- it helps the user to enter raw data and instructions into the
computer system.
Output Unit- it provides meaningful result in the desired format for the user.
20. List the functions of the CPU.
Ans- CPU- it performs the required operations as per given instructions.
It further divided into 3 parts: Control Unit, Arithmetic and Logical Unit
(ALU) and, Memory Unit
Control unit receives each and every instruction from the user and
coordinates between different parts to perform various operations.
ALU performs all the mathematical and logical calculations. Memory unit
stores data while other operations are being performed.
21. Write about Basic components of computer system?
Ans- computer components consists of- Hardware and Software.
Software can be further classified into 2 types- System Software and
Application Software.
22. Common Peripheral Devices are—

23. What do you mean by IPO cycle?

ANs- IPO means Input Process Output Cycle. It means user give
instructions, (convert them into binary codes or machine language,
processes them and gives the result.
 24. Types of Memory Storage Devices..

25. Differentiate between RAM and ROM.

Ans-
Aspect RAM ROM
Purpose Temporary storage for Permanent storage
data and instruction for firmware and
needed by the CPU essential instructions
while performing tasks like BIOS
Volatility Volatile (data is lost Non-volatile (data is
when power is off) retained even when
power is off)
Mutability Read and write memory Typically Read only
memory
Speed Faster, providing quick Slower compared to
access to data RAM
Usage Stores active data and Stores firmware or
 programs boot loader
programs
Capacity Usually larger capacity Usually smaller
capacity
Cost More expensive Less expensive

26. Define Motherboard.

Ans- Motherboard, also referred to as System board, is the main circuit
board inside a computer. It connects input, processing and output
device.
27. Define Storage Device.
Ans- Storage devices are used to store digital information and to transfer
files from one computer to another one. The commonly used storage
devices are USB flash drive, hard disk, CD, DVD, etc…
28. Identify the different ports and connections on a computer.
Ans- the different ports and connections to be used –
 Universal Serial Bus or USB – connects peripheral devices such
as a mouse or a keyboard or a printer to a computer using the
cable.
 Display Port- it connects the monitor or any display unit to the
computer using the cable. These can be of different types like
VGA (Video Graphics Array), and High Definition Multimedia
Interface (HDMI) depending on the requirement.
 Audio ports: it helps to connect microphone, speakers
and headphones to a computer system.
  Ethernet Port: is used for connecting the system to high speed
internet cable.
 Power Port: is used for connecting the computer system to
the power supply.

29. What do you mean by Hardware and Software?

Ans- Hardware: The physical parts that can be seen and touch are called
hardware.
Software: when user start computer, a program is displayed on the
monitor. This is done by Software. Software cannot be touched or feel.
Hardware would not be of any use without the software.
30. Give name some of the software’s.
Ans- the most important software in any computer is Operating
System (OS). Most commonly used operating systems for laptops and
desktop are Ubuntu, Microsoft Windows, and Mac OS. All the computer
applications, such as Browsers, Games, Office tools etc are also
software programs that perform a particular function.

31. Give name of Mobile software’s.

Ans- mobile operating systems are Apple iOS, Google Android.
32. What is the basic function performed when a computer starts.
Ans- computer runs a basic program called BIOS (Basic Input/output
System) as soon as it is switched on or the power button is pushed
on. After self-test BIOS load the Operating system

33. Describe the functions of at least 5 types of key.

Ans- Keyboard has many types of keys which a specific functions
 Function Keys- these are used to perform specific functions.
Their functions differ from program to program. Keys labelled
from F1 to F12 are function keys.
 Control Keys- Keys such as Ctrl, Shift, Spacebar, Alt, Caps lock
and Tab are special control keys that perform special
functions depending on when and where they are used.
 Enter Key- it is used to move the cursor to the beginning of a
new line. In some programs, it is used to send commands and
to confirm a task on a computer. In some programs, it is used
to send commands and to confirm a task on a computer.
 Punctuation Keys- it includes keys for punctuation marks such as
 colon, semicolon, question mark, single quotation marks and double
quotation marks.
 Navigation Keys- Keys such as Arrow keys, Home, End, Page up,
Page down are Navigation keys. These are used to move up and
down, right and left in a document. Home and End keys move the
cursor to the left/right end of a line of text. Page up and page down
keys are used to move one page up and one page down.
 Command Keys- keys such as Insert (INS), delete
(DEL) and Backspace are command keys.
 Windows Key- pressing this key opens the Start menu.
34. Describe the function of Mouse.
 Point and click
 Drag and drop
 Double-click
35. Explain Block diagram of CPU.
  Input Unit—it is used to ive input into the computer. Keyboard is
an example of input device.
 CPU—CPU also known as the Brain of the computer. It has three
parts—Control Unit, Arithmetic and Logical unit (ALU) and Output
Unit
o Control Unit- it controls the operations of all parts of the
computer.
o ALU- it performs Arithmetic (+,-,*,/ etc) and Logical (<,>,<=,>=
etc) operations.
o Memory Unit- Computer stores information, intermediate
results of processing and the final results of processing
before these results are released to an output device.
 Output Unit- Computer gives output (Result) through an output device.
For example Monitor is an output device.

36. Explain Classification of Memory.

Ans-
 Internal Memory—Also called Primary memory or Main memory of
the computer stores the program and data. It is built in memory,
where data is being manipulated. There are two types of memory-
RAM and ROM
 RAM- RAM (Random Access Memory) is the name given to the
group of chips inside the processing where the data is held
temporarily while processing takes place.
 ROM- ROM (Read Only Memory) is held on chip inside the
 processor and is used to hold data which cannot be changed by
user. Programs are stored in ROM chips when a computer is
manufactured.
 Secondary Memory (External Memory)—Secondary storage
devices are used to store large volumes of data permanently.
37. Compare Primary Memory and Secondary Memory.
Ans- Primary memory is fast, directly accessible by the CPU,
volatile, used for active data and instruction. Where as
Secondary memory is slow, larger storage capacity non-volatile
used for long-term storage of data and programs.

38. Briefly describe the Types of System software.

Ans- System Software – Program designed to act as
intermediaries between the hardware and application programs are
known as System software. It controls and co-ordinates the computer’s
hardware and software. It ha further 3 categories-
 Operating System—it is the first program loaded into memory when
the computer is turned on. Without it user cannot use any other
application.
 Utility software— refers to a type of computer program designed to
perform tasks that enhance the usability, performance and maintainence
of a computer system.
 Language Translator—it is used to translate input given by the user in
human understandable language to Machine language. Three
types of translators are used- Assembler, Interpreter and Compiler.
39. Describe the Types of Application software.
Ans- Application software consists of programs that direct computers
to perform specific tasks. Application software can be divided into:
 Integrated Packages—it consists of a collection of application
package which shares a common set of commands. An
integrated package may be a Word processor, spreadsheet,
data base and graphics package all in one.
 Tailor-made Software—it is designed according to the needs of an
organization. For example, Accounting Management, reservation
system software.
 General Purpose package- most application software’s are not
specific to a particular type of business. For example, Ms-Access,
a data base package can be used to develop tailor made software.
40. Define File and Folder.
Ans- File—File is a piece of information. The work that you do is stored in
a file.
Folder- Folder is a storage area that stores your files of similar type.
These files can be programs or documents.
Folder can also have another folder, called Subfolder.
41. File Explorer- To manage your files and folders.
 42. What is the difference between drive and folder?
Ans- A drive is the location where the files and programs are saved.
and folder is a storage area that stores your files of similar type.

43. Define the terms Gateway and Backbone.

Ans- Gateway- it allows different networks to communicate with each
other using different protocols. The most common gateway is a router
that connects a home or enterprise network to the internet.
Backbone—is a network’s central structure, which connects network
with each other and hence it is the most important part of the internet.

44. What is needed to connect to the internet?

Ans- To connect to the internet, you need:
 A device, such as a computer, laptop or mobile.
 A connection device, i.e. a modem
45. Explain Types of connection
Ans- Wired Connection: when computer is connected to the internet using
a wire, it is called a wired connection. We use Ethernet cables to connect
to the modem which connects to the ISP using a phone line.

Wireless connection: user can connect computer to the internet using

wireless technology. Laptops need a wireless internet card to connect to
a modem with using any cable.
46. Define Bandwidth.
Ans- Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be transmitted over
a network in a certain amount of time.
Example: the amount of water flowing through a pipe depends on
its thickness. Similarly, the amount of data that your network can
receive or send depends on its bandwidth,
47. How bandwidth is expressed?
Ans- in digital devices, the bandwidth is usually expressed in Bits per Sec
(bps) or Bytes per sec.
48. Uses of internet—
49. Write Types of Internet Access.
Ans- there are 2 types of internet access-
 Dial-up connection—it uses a telephone line or cable to dial into an
ISP and a modem attached to a computer
 Broadband connection— Broadband is the transmission of high-
quality data of wide bandwidth.

50. What do you mean by Internet Browser?

Ans- A internet browser is an application or a software program on
your computer or laptop which helps you visit the various websites.
Some examples of browsers are google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and
Internet Explorer.

51. Define WWW.

WWW stands for World Wide Web. It is also said to be Web. Web is
a huge collection of information. It is a vast network of linked
hypertext files, stored on computer throughout the world that can
provide a computer user with information on a hue variety of subjects.

52. Web page is made up of-

a. A web page
b. A web Browser
c. A system to transfer information between the web browser and the
web pages.
53. What do you mean by Web Page, Web Browser,
Ans- Web Page—A web page is a document present on a computer that
is connected to the internet. Web page has a unique address/location like
the address of a house.

Web Browser- A web browser is a software application for using and

sharing information on the World Wide Web.

54. Most popular Web Browsers used now a days-

55. Important Parts of a Web Browser-

Address bar- (alt+d)—to type the address/URL of a web page.
Tabbed browsing- it allows a user to view multiple pages in the same
window.
Back and forward buttons (Alt+left or right arrow keys): it allow user to o
back to the last page viewed or go back to the last page viewed.
Refresh button (F5) : to reload the page
56. Define E-mail.
Ans- E-mail, short for Electronic Mail, is a quick way of sending
messages to people using the internet.
57. How does E-mail work?
 Ans- Files containing videos, documents, spreadsheets, etc can be
sent along with e-mail as attachments.

58. Compare Postal mail and E-mail.

59. Explain E-Mail ID or Address.

Ans- An Email address is made up of 2 parts separated by the @ symbol.
The part before the @ symbol is created by the user and is usually the
name of the person. The part after the @ symbol is the domain name of
e-mail service provider. i.e. the company that provides the e-mail service.
 60. Advantages of E-mail.
Ans- E-mail allows users to send and receive messages instantly,
regardless of geographical location. It’s advantages are-
 Speed and Efficiency
 Cost effective
 Documentation
 Accessibility

61. E-Mail Account Providers-

62. What characters should the password have in e-mail address, to
make it more secure?
Ans- Password should be the combination of alphabets, numbers and
special characters.

63. Steps to write an E-mail

64. Write steps to attach file to an e-mail.

Ans- to add an attachment, user need to click on the Attach button-
 The attach button often has a paperclip as its symbol.
 When you click on the attach button it opens up a new window.
 The window shows you files and folders on your computer.
  Find and then click on the file you want to attach and press ok.
 The file will now show as an attachment in your e-mail.
 The name of the file will be shown next to a paper clip symbol.

65. Write steps to manage folders and organize your e- mails.

Ans- the Inbox holds e-mail that people have sent to you.
 Sent folder holds e-mails that you have sent to people.
 Drafts folder holder holds all the e-mail you have started
writing, but not yet sent.
 Junk/Spam folder holds e-mails that may not be useful.
 Trash can or folder holds e-mail that you no longer need and
have deleted.
66. Describe the term Social Media. List the benefits of social
media.
Ans- Social media refers to the means of interactions among people
in which they create, share and/or exchange information and ideas in
virtual communities and networks. Some of the benefits of social media
are—
 Connect with the world
 Quick chats
 Knowledge galore
 Business booster
 Show off your talent
 Career kickstart
67. What do you mean by Blogs? Explain different types of blogs.
Ans- A Blog or Web log is a type of web page that serves as a publicly
accessible personal journal for an individual.it is updated regularly and
reflects the personality of the author. Different types of Blogs-
 Personal Blog- it is commonly written in the personal language
and with emotional touch for friends and colleagues.
 Corporate Blog- it contains information about the
organization, its culture or strategies, purpose that is called
corporate or official blog.
 Forum Blog- is a place to discuss general blogging issues by
asking question, giving answers, express thins and share how we
can improve in blogging.
 Review Blog- is a blog where a blogger share reviews about different
products like Mobile phones and other products
Unit-4 Entrepreneurship Skill
1. Define the following terms- Entrepreneurship, Enterprise and
Entrepreneur.
Ans- Entrepreneurship—it is the process that involves developing a
plan, launching and running a new business idea to meet the
customer’s need that has not been addressed.
Enterprise—it is the project or the outcome of the Entrepreneurship-
it refers to a person working for himself or herself.

2. List three businesses seen around you. Share details of what the
business does, and how they run it?
Ans- Mr. Rohit is a person who runs a supermarket next to our. The
stocks in his shops are very fresh and are given at a discount. His way
of dealing with the people is very good.
a. He keeps the stocks up to date.
b. He does the stocks home delivery
c. Way of dealing with customers is very nice.

3. Define the role and benefits of entrepreneurship.

ANs-Role of Entrepreneurship-

a. Economic Development
b. Innovation
c. Market Dynamics
d. Social Change
Benefits of Entrepreneurship:
a. Job Creation
b. Financial Independence
c. Innovation and creativity
d. Job creation
e. Economic growth
f. flexibility and autonomy

Economic Development- Money in circulation

 Social Development- creation of jobs—as the business grow, it
needs more work to be done and so creates more jobs. Good
quality jobs lead to more people earning money and having a
good life.

 Improved standard of living- More things available to live a

comfortable life—entrepreneur sell products which make life
of people more comfortable and increase their living standard.
For example- use of tractor, mobile phone etc
  Optimal use of resources—there are various natural resources
present around us renewable and non- renewable.
Entrepreneurs keep working to find the most optimal ways of
using the resources to reduce costs and increase their profits.

 More benefits at lower process products and services at competitive

prices—as entrepreneur compete in the market, prices of products
come down.

4. Explain the qualities of an entrepreneur?

Ans- An entrepreneur needs to have the following set of qualities-
 Patience
 Positivity
 Hardworking, never giving up and Perseverance
 Confidence
 Open to trial and error
 Creativity and innovation
5. Distinguish characteristics of entrepreneur and wage employee.
Ans- Ability to take risks
 Innovations
 Vision
 Leadership
 Open mind
 Confident and well informed
6. Explain Characteristics of Entrepreneurship
Ans- An entrepreneurship has the following characteristics-
 Ability to take up risks.
 Believe in hard work and discipline.
 Adaptable and flexible to achieve the goals of enhancing
quality and customer satisfaction.
 Knowledge of the product and services and their need or demand
in the market.
 Financial literacy and money management skills.
 Effective planning and execution.
7. What are the Benefits of Entrepreneurship? ANs- the
various benefits include the following:
 Do what you are interested in: entrepreneurship allows you to start
and do something you like using your hobbies and skills.
 Work yourself, and not for others: as an entrepreneur, you can work
for yourself and not for someone else.
 Make profits for yourself: As an entrepreneur, you can decide how
much money you want to earn and how you want to earn it.
 More risk, more profit: even though there are risks in
entrepreneurship, it allows you to decide how much risk you want
to take. Usually, the larger the risk, the bier could be the profit!

8. What is the significance of entrepreneurs with concern to the GDP?

Ans- Enterpreneurship is concerned with the production of oods and
services with the production of oods and services in the economy.thus,
 it directly affects employment, revenue generation and foreign
exchange
9. What is the Role of entrepreneurs in the economy?
Ans- By establishing the business entity, entrepreneurs invest their own resources and
attract capital (in the form of debt, equity etc) from investors, lenders and the public.
This mobilizes public wealth and allows people to benefit from the success of
entrepreneurs and growing businesses.
10. Name any one factor that is common to both
entrepreneurship and wage employment on contract basis.
Ans- Financial compensation is the common to both entrepreneurship
and wage employment. In both scenarios, individuals work with the
primary objective of earning an income. Entrepreneurs earn profits
from the business ventures, while contract employees receive wages
or fees for their services.
11. Identify unique features of entrepreneurship versus wage
employment.
Ans- Unique feature of Entrepreneurship—
Job security and benefits—wage employment typically offers greater
job security and benefits compared to entrepreneurship. Employee’s
often receive a steady paycheck, health insurance, retirement plans
and other benefits provided by their employer. This stability can
provide a sense of financial security and predictability.

12. Explain Types of Business activities.

Ans- there can be three types of business activities-
  Product business—a business where a seller and buyer
exchange an item, which can be seen and touched, is called
a product based business. For example, a sports shop.
 Service business—a business where a seller helps the buyer to
finish some work. For example, a cricket coaching center.
 Hybrid business—a hybrid is the one where the business is
doing both selling product and selling service. For example,
Rahul starting a sports academy for coaching and selling sports
equipment.

13. Differentiate between product based business and service based

business.

14. Define Manufacturing business and Trade businesses.

Ans- Manufacturing Business- these are the businesses that make a
product and sell it.
Trade Business- these are the businesses that buy and sell a product.
They also transport the products from factory to warehouses and then finally
to shops near the customers. For example, Wholesalers, Distributors, and
Retail Shops.

15. What do you mean by Entrepreneurship Development process?

Ans- Entrepreneurship development is the process of improving the
skills and knowledge of entrepreneurs. It can take place through formal
and informal learning system. In formal learning system, training programs
are conducted to bring about awareness, knowledge and skills related
to entrepreneurship.

16. Identify the characteristics of business.

Ans- Economic Activity
 Production and exchange
 Profit motive
 Risk and uncertainty
 Continuity and regularity
 Customer satisfaction
 Legal and ethical conduct
 Oranisational structure
 Capital requirement
 Innovation and adaptability
 Market orientation
 Human resources

17. Write steps to start a business.

18. What do you understand by a Sole proprietorship
Ans- A sole proprietorship is a type of business structure owned and
operated by a single individual.

19. Why is partnership considered by some to be a relatively

unpopular form of business ownership?
Ans- partnership considered by some to be a relatively unpopular form of
business ownership are—
 Unlimited Liability
 Joint and Several Liability
 Potential for conflict
 Shared Profits
 Difficulty in transfer of ownership
 Raisin capital
 Complexity in decision making
 Regularity and compliance requirement
 Limited scalability
20. Why is it important to choose an appropriate form of
organization?
Ans- It is important to choose an appropriate form of business
organization because the choice of the form of organization will
determine the success and outcome of selecting the organization. Once
selected it is difficult and expensive to change it later.
 Unit 5 - Green Skills
1. Explain Non-renewable and Renewable Resources
 2. Activities that damage our earth and environment.
Ans-
 Overexploitation
 Mining
 Deforestation
 Pollution

3. Write Types of Pollutant.

Ans- Type of pollutents are
 Air pollutant
 Water pollutant
 Soil pollutant
 Noise pollutant

4. Write factors which are responsible for polluting the environment.

Ans- The factors which are responsible for polluting the environment
are-
 Exhaust fumes released from vehicle pollutes the air.
 Excessive use of chemicals in agriculture (like insecticides
and fertilizers) affect the alkalinity of the soil or the soil pH.
 Excessive use of chemicals adversely affect the health of
 microorganisms and other organisms in the soil.
 Plastic waste like bottles, bags, etc. thrown on land and sea pollutes
the water and destroy the flora and fauna.
 Dangerous gases released into the air.
5. Types of Pollution
Ans-
6. What do you mean by Green House effect?
Ans- the greenhouse effect refers to the process
where greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere
trap heat from the Sun, warming the planet’s surface.
This natural phenomenon is crucial for maintaining
Earth’s temperature suitable for life.

7. Write names of Natural Disasters.

ANs- Natural disasters include Floods, Earthquakes, Landslides,
and Storms etc.

8. Explain 3 R’s.
Ans- There are 3 R’s which you can apply for saving the environment-
Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. It is a concept of the modern waste
management.
 Reduce: do not use what you do not need. If we reduce at
source, there is a lesser chance of waste generation and the
pressure on our already stretched natural resources is reduced.
 Reuse: Reuse the materials for other purposes, such as making
pillow covers or rage out of used shirts or ladies suits.
 Recycling: Recycling is reusing some components of the waste that
may have some economic value. Example of Reduce, Reuse and
Recycle
9. Write Actions for saving the Environment

10. What are the five sources of energy available to us?

Ans- the five sources of energy available to us are-
 Solar Energy
 Wind Energy
 Hydro Energy
 Biomass energy
 Fossil fuels (Coal, oil,, natural gas)
 11. What are the sources of pollution?
Ans- Sources of Pollution are-
 Industrial Activities
 Transportation
 Agricultural activities
 Household activities

12. Explain Soil conservation. How is it useful?

Ans- Soil conservation refers to the strategies and practices used to

prevent soil erosion, degradation and loss of fertility. It involves
various methods aimed at protecting soil from the adverse effects of
wind, water, and human activities.
Use of Soil conservation--
 Prevents Soil Erosion
 Maintains soil fertility
 Protects water quality
 Promotes biodiversity
 Maintenance of soil fertility
 Control on grazing
 Reforestation
 Terracing
 Contour ploughing
13. What do you mean by Water conservation? How It can be
achieved?
Ans- conservation and management of water are essential for the survival
of mankind, plants and animals. This can be achieved by adopting the
following methods-
 Growing vegetation in the catchment areas, which will hold water
in the soil and allow it to percolate into deeper layers and
contribute to formation of ground water.
 Constructing dams and reservoir to regulate supply of water to the
fields, as well as to enable generation of hydroelectricity.
 Sewage should be treated and only the clear water should be
released into the rivers.
 Industrial wastes should be treated to prevent chemical and
thermal pollution of fresh water.
 Judicious use of water in our day-to-day life.
 Rainwater harvesting should be done by storing rainwater and
recharging groundwater.
 Watershed, which is a single unit of land with its water drainage
system includes soil and water

14. Define Energy Conservation. Write ways of conserving energy.

Ans- Energy conservation means saving energy and use them
 efficiently. Some ways of conserving energy is described following-

15. Define Food conservation.

Ans- food conservation and storage have been practiced to feed mankind
in times of shortage. Food is stored in ware houses on large scale and in
refrigerators at home.
16. Define Forest conservation.
Ans- forest conservation means the retention of existing forest or the
creation of new forest at the levels prescribed by the state or local
authority.
17. Describe 3 methods of water conservation.
Ans- Water efficient fixtures, Rainwater harvesting,
water landscaping
18. What do you mean by Sustainable Development? What does
it include?
ANs- Sustainable development is defined as development that meets the
 needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generation to meet their own needs.(World Commission on
Environment and Development 1987).
It includes the following:
 Reducing excessive use of resources and enhancing resource
conservation.
 Recycling and reuse of waste materials.
 Scientific management of renewable resources, especially
bio-resources.
 Planting more trees
 Green grassy patches to be interspersed between concrete
buildings.
 Using more environment friendly material or biodegradable
materials.
 Use of technologies, which are environmental friendly and based on
efficient use of resources.

19. What is the aim of green growth?

Ans- the concept of green growth aims at achieving economic
growth that is socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable.
20. Define Green Economy.
Ans- UNEP defined Green economy as “one that results in improved
human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing
environmental risks and ecological risks and ecological scarcities.
In other words, ‘Green Economy’ is a system which helps in
economic growth while at the same time, taking care of the environment.
21. Explain components of Green Economy.
22. What do you mean by Green Job?
Ans- A green job can be with business, nonprofit or animations,
government or education. Some green jobs may have specific
requirements for green skills, such as organic farmer needs to have a
knowledge and skills for growing organically certified crops.

23. What do you mean by Green Skills?

Ans- The skills used for promoting green economy are known as
green skills. These skills are needed in areas similar to renewable
energy, sewer water, treatment, climate resilient cities, green
construction, solid waste management etc.
In other words, Green skills, Skill for sustainability, also known as
green skills, are the technical skills, knowledge, values and attitudes
needed in the workforce to develop and support sustainable social,
economic and environmental outcomes in business, industry and
the community.”
24. List the name of areas in which green skills contributes to the
sustainable development.
Ans- the following are the areas in which green skill contributes to the
sustainable development-
 Using renewable energy (example using solar power and wind
energy)
 Water and waste management
 Rain water harvesting
 Conserving energy
 Reducing pollution

25. Explain knowledge and skills needed for managing resources

and supporting efficiency
Ans-
 26. What do you mean by GSDP?
Ans- GSDP means Green Skill Development Program. The program
endeavor’s to develop green skilled workers having technical knowledge
and commitment to sustainable development, which will help in the sustainable
development goals.

27. What are Green Jobs?

Ans- Green job is employment in any industry that contributes to
preserving or restoring environmental quality in that sector and allowing
for sustainable development. Green jobs can be in any sector, such
as agriculture, manufacturing, research and development activities etc.
28. Sectors which have the potential for green jobs are
 Part B Unit 1- Introduction to IT and ITeS
1. What do you understand by the term IT and ITeS?
Ans- Information Technology means creating, managing, storing and exchanging
information. It includes all types of technology used to deal with information such as
hardware and software technology.
ITeS- Information Technology that enables the business by improving the quality of
service is information technology enables services. ITeS is also called web enabled
services or remote services.

2. What are the prons and cons of using ICT?

Ans- Advantages/ Prons of using ICT-
a. Fast communication
b. Digital content can be accessed anytime and anywhere
c. Creation of new and interesting jobs
d. Teachers can explain difficult topic very easily
Disadvantages-
a. Information on smart phone or computers can be hacked.
b. Information on internet is not reliable
c. Making our memory poor
d. Virus may damage your computer system

3. What precautions are required to ensure that ICT use is safe?

Ans- Precautions required to use ICT-
a. Install Antivirus and update it regularly.
b. Use strong password for system login and for email id.
c. Clear computer history, if your computer is shared with others.
d. Protect important files using the encrypted tools.
e. Do not click on any unknown link.

4. What are the main four sub-sectors in the IT-BPM industry?

Ans- Four main sub sectors are:
a. IT services
b. Software Products
 c. Business Process Management
d. Engineering Research and Development.

5. Give example of use of IT in everyday life.

Ans- In our daily life, we use washing machines, microwave oven and many other
products which have embedded software. We can store all the information about
our important work, appointments schedules and list of contacts in a computer.

6. What are the various processes of education where IT is used?

Ans- the various processes of education where IT is used are:
a. ICT in the classroom- ICT Is used for education in the classroom, such as
1. E-learning classroom
2. Smart-board presentation
3. Videos on experiments
4. Creation of images and video
5. Desktop publishing of magazines, letters and documents
6. Educational games
b. Education- anywhere anytime: Any student can access digital book, videos or any
other educational resources from various websites anytime by using internet.
c. Teaching aids and media- ICT is used mostly as a teaching aid in schools to
1. Use pictures, animations
2. Make the lessons interesting
3. Organize lessons
d. Learning management system (LMS): A learning management system is being
used by many countries to manage school systems. Using LMS a student can learn
lessons anytime and anywhere, submit queries, getting replies etc…

7. Which software are used in digital communication/

Ans- Digital communication makes use of the computer for email, chatting, FTP,
telnet and video conferencing. The software used are Skype, WhatsApp, Gmail,
Facebook, Instagram, Twitter etc.

8. For what purposes is IT used in Business

 Ans- Computers are used in business organizations for payroll calculation, budgeting,
sales analysis, financial forecasting etc. IT facilities marketing, customer visit,
product browsing, shopping basket checkout, shopping, receipt and process order.

9. Explain the usage of IT in Agriculture?

Ans-In the agricultural industry, productivity has increased. Technology has helped
farmers replace the old ways of farming with machines that can do the job in less
time. The usage of IT in Agriculture is followed-
 IT helps in precision farming by using sensors, PS, and data analytics to monitor
crop health, soil conditions and weather enabling farmers to optimize resource
use like water, fertilizers and pesticides.
 IT allow farmers to store, analyze and retrieve large amounts of data related
to crop yields, market prices and agricultural trends.
 Online platform provide farmers with access to real time information on
weather, pest control and market prices, helping them increase their
productivity and profit.
 IT enables automation in farming equipment, such as drones and smart
irrigation systems, reducing labor costs and increasing efficiency.
10. Write the name of inventions of mobile apps for farmers.
Ans- Kisan Suvidha, Pusa Krishi, MKisan Application and Farm-o-pedia

11. Which are the prominent areas where IT is used in Science and Engineering?
Ans- IT is used in Science and Engineering for performing complex scientific
calculations. Computer Aided Design (CAD) or Computer Aided Manufacturing
(CAM) applications are used for drawing, designing and for simulating and testing
the designs. IT is used for visualizing 3-D objects.

12. Why most of the companies prefer India for outsourcing IT enabled services
(ITeS)?
Ans- Most of the companies prefer India for outsourcing IT enabled services because
of the following reason-
a. India’s strength in the form of low staff costs.
b. A large pool of skilled, English speaking workforce
c. Conducive policy environment and government support
13. Write name of popular IT-ITeS Employers in India.
Ans- Popular IT-ITeS Employers in India are-
a. Tata Consultancy Services Ltd.
b. Infosys Technologies Ltd.
c. Wipro Technologies Ltd
d. HCL Technologies Ltd
e. Tech Mahindra Ltd

14. Write name of services offered by ITeS.

Ans- ITeS offers different services include-
a. Medical Transcriptions
b. Document Processing’
c. Data Entry and Processing
d. Data warehousing
e. IT help desk Services
f. Application Development
g. Enterprise Resource Planning
h. Telecommunication services
i. Quality Testing
j. Application development and maintence

15. What do you mean by BPO Services

Ans- BPO services means performing business operations through an external
service provider. Some of the BPO services are as follow-
a. Financial and Accounting
b. E-Publishing
c. Health care
d. Software Testing
e. Taxation and Insurance
f. Legal Services and Content
g. Document Management
h. Multimedia and Design

16. What do you mean by BPM?

 Ans- BPM is an approach to identify, design, execute, document, measure, monitor
and control both automated and non-automated business processes to achieve
consistent, defined targets aligned with an organization’s strategic goals.
BPM contributes towards the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and
exports, create employment, raises income levels and promote exports.

17. List the various uses of IT in a banking system.

Ans- Computer is an essential part of the moder baking system. Recurring deposit
(e-RD), fixed deposits (e-FD), money transfer from one account to another (NEFT,
RTGS), online transactions are done using internet. Bank customers use ATM for cash
deposits and withdrawal.

18. Which are the different areas of healthcare where IT is used? And how?
Ans- ICT is used in the health sector in numerous ways. Hospital Management
System is used to maintain and manage patient’s records. The computerized
machines are used in scanning and diagnosing different diseases. Some of the
machines are CAT, MRI, ECG, EEG etc

19. Full forms

a. IT- Information Technology
b. ICT- Information Communication Technology
c. BPO- Business Process Outsourcing
d. BPM- Business Process Management
e. GDP- Gross Domestic Product
f. KPO – Knowledge Process Outsourcing
g. LPO- Leal Process Oursourcing
h. ITeS- Information Technology enabled Services
 Unit 2: Data Entry & key board skills
1. Discuss the various types of keys available on a computer keyboard.
Ans- various types of keys are available on a computer keyboard are:
a. Alphanumeric Keys- All of the alphabet (A-Z) and numbers (0-9) on the keyboard.
b. Punctuation Keys: All of the keys associated with Punctuation such as the comma,
period, semicolon, brackets, and parenthesis and so on.
c. Arrow Keys- there are 4 arrow keys to move the cursor up, down, right, left.
d. Shift or Alt Keys- To move the cursor in more than one position at a time.
e. Backspace Key- Deletes the character just to the left of the cursor.
f. Caps Lock Key- It is a toggle key, which when activated, causes all alphabetic
characters to be uppercase.
g. Ctrl Key- the control key is used I conjunction with other keys to produce control
characters.
h. Delete key- the Del key deletes the character at the current cursor position, or
the selected object, but does not move the cursor.
i. Enter key or return key- it is used to enter commands or to move the cursor to
the beginning of the next time,
j. Esc key- the escape key is used to send special codes to devices and to exit (or
escape) from programs and tasks.
k. Function key- Special keys labelled F1 to F12. These keys have different meaning
depending on which program is running.

2. Differentiate between Home Keys and Guide Keys.

Ans- Home Key: Alphabets ASDF are home keys for the left hand and semi colon LKJ
for the right hand. The fingers are trained to make the correct movement to other
keys and each finger returns immediately to its respective home key after pressing
the corresponding key in any other row.
Guide Key- on a computer keyboard, keys F and J are called uide keys for left and
right hand, resp. both contain a small raised tangible mark with the help of which
the touch typist can place the fingers correctly on the home keys.

3. What do you understand by Guide Keys? Name the guide keys of a computer
keyboard
 Ans- Those keys which help in the placement of fingers on Home keys is called Guide
key. On a computer keyboard, keys ‘F’ and ‘J’ are called guide keys for left and right
hand resp.

4. Define Touch typing method.

Ans- Touch typing is a method of typing without looking the keys on the key board.
Touch typing can be done with two hands or by using a single hand also.

5. What happen when a key is pressed from the keyboard?

Ans- When a key is pressed, electrical signals are transmitted to a micro-controller
in a coded form to the computer describing the character which corresponds to that
key.

6. Define Ergonomics.
Ans- Ergonomics means to know how to interact with manmade objects.

7. What are the successful keyboarding tips?

Ans- the following points may be kept in mind for successful keyboarding
techniques-
a. Press the keys with feather touch.
b. Rest your fingers on home how.
c. While typing, release the key immediately as soon as you press it.
d. Do not look at the keyboard while practicing
e. Press the keys only with the fingers allotted for them.
f. Do not take any mental stress while typing.
g. Maintain a balance between speed and accuracy

8. What is the right posture to sit while working on the computer?

Ans- some of the factors to be considered while working are
a. Sitting Posture- While working on computer, sit straight, slightly bending your
neck forward. Touch the lower portion of your back to the lower portion of the
back rest of the chair. Touch both the feet to the floor.
 b. Position of hands- Put your forearms at level with the keyboard and palms down
as shown below. Keep your wrist straight and and your elbow naturally.
c. Monitor placement- Do not bend your neck while working on the monitor and
keep the upper border of screen at eye level. Eep an approximate distance of
about 60-65 cam for 17 inches screen.
d. Mouse and keyboard placement- keep the keyboard and mouse together at an
approximate distance of 20 cm. same height of keyboard, mouse and elbows
helps the users to work comfortably.
e. Chair and table adjustment- Adjust computer chair and table to an optimal height.
f. Placement of matter to be typed- place the matter for typing to the left or right
side of the keyboard preferably on a copy holder which has a sloping surface.
g. Positioning of fingers on the keyboard- In the home row approach, also all the
eight fingers of both the hands rest on home keys during the keyboard operation.
The thumb of the right hand is used to operate the space bar.

9. What do you mean by Touch typing and Touch typing software?

Ans- the method of typing fast with accuracy and without looking at the keyboard.
Touch typing software is a typing software that helps to learn the skill of typing and
is available for free of cost.

10. What are the different components of the Rapid Typing tutor?
Ans- the different components are- Title bar, Current lesson, lesson editor, options,
minimize, maximize, close, select course, select lesson, start/pause button, current
lesson time, restart the current lesson, text area, status, speaker, virtual keyboard.

11. List examples of typing software.

Ans- Rapid typing tutor, Typing Trainer, Type Faster, Tux typing

12. Full forms-

a. CPM- Character Per Minute
b. KPM- Keys Per Minute
c. WPS- Words Per Second
d. CPS- Character Per Second
e. KPS- Keys Per Second
f. WPM- Words Per Minute
 Spreadsheet Software
1. What do you mean by Spreadsheet? Write it’s advantages
Ans- A spreadsheet is a grid which interactively manages and organizes data in rows
and columns. It is also called Electronic Spreadsheet. It can also store, manipulate and
create graphical representations of data. It is used for managing financial and
accounting documents, creating data reports, generating invoices, and for doing a
variety of calculations on data etc.
Advantages
a. A spreadsheet software can create graphical representations of data.
b. It can be used to calculate and analyze the data for decision making.
c. It also provides built-in formulae and functions or common mathematical, financial,
statistical operations.
d. It is widely used for data analysis and accounting applications.

2. Write examples of spreadsheet software.

Ans- Microsoft Excel, Libreoffice Calc, Open Office Calc and Apple Inc. Numbers

3. What do you mean by Entering Data?

a. Label- Label is the way text entered by using a keyboard. It may combine with
letters, numbers and special symbols. By default the labels are left aligned.
b. Values- The numerical data consisting of only numbers are called values. By default
values are right aligned.
c. Formulae- any expressions that begins with an equal ‘=’ is treated as formula.

4. Write steps to rename sheet.

Ans- Steps to rename sheet
A. Select the menu sheet- Rename sheet
B. Give appropriate name and click ok.

5. Write steps to save the worksheet.

Ans- Steps to save the worksheet
a. Click on file- Save.
b. A save dialog box will appear.
c. Select the location where you want to save the file.
d. Enter the name of the file
e. Click on save button.

6. Steps to work in worksheet

a. Steps to insert the column before any column- position the cursor on any cell of the
column before which you want to insert the column and select sheet-> insert
column-> columns-> Column left
 b. Steps to insert the column after (right side) any column- Position the cursor on any
cell of the column after which you want to insert the column and select sheet->
insert column-> columns-> columns right

7. What do you mean by Function?

Ans- Functions are predefined formula in Excel which is used for tasks like finding the
sum, count, average, maximum value and minimum values for a range of cells.
Commonly used basic formulas-

8. Explain formatting the work sheet.

Ans- The cell that can be formatted using format cells dialog box. The format cells
dialog box can be opened using format- cells using the format menu, or from context
menu opened through right clicking the cell. Short cut to open this format cell dialog
box is Ctrl+1.
Various options of format cell dialog box are shown below-
a. Formatting a range of cells with decimal places: following are the steps to format a
cell to the required number of decimal places:
(i) Select the range of cells.
(ii) Open the format cell dialog box
(iii) Click the number tab.
(iv) Select the number
(v) Change the decimal places as required
(vi) Click ok
b. Formatting a range of cells to be seen as labels:
(i) Select the range of cells
(ii) Open the format cells dialog box
(iii) Click the number tab
(iv) Select text
 (v) Click ok
(vi) Enter numbers
c. Formatting of a cell range as different date format
(i) Select the range of cells
(ii) Open the format cells dialog box
(iii) Click the number tab
(iv) Select the date category
(v) Select the date format
(vi) Click ok.
d. Formatting alignment of a cell range: follow the steps below to format the
alignment of range of cells.
(i) Select the range of cells
(ii) Open the format cells dialog box
(iii) Click the alignment tab
(iv) select left, right or center
(v) Click ok

9. What do you mean by Fill handle of a cell?

Ans- The small black square in the bottom-right corner of the selected cell or range is
called a fill handle.

10.Explain Referencing in detail.

Ans- Referencing is the way to refer the formula or function from ne cell to the next
cell along the row or column. There are three types of referencing- Relative
referencing, absolute referencing and mixed referencing
a. Relative Referencing- when you drag any formula in any row r column in any
direction, the formula gets copied n the new cell with the relative reference. For
example A1
b. Mixed Referencing- in mixed referencing, the $ sin is used before row number or
column name to make it constant. For example A$5, $C14
c. Absolute Referencing- In absolute referencing, a $ symbol is used before the
column name as well as row number to make it constant in any formula. For
example, $C$12

11.What do you mean by Chart? Write steps to create a column chart.

Ans- Charts are used to represent the data in graphical form. There are various types
of charts like Column chart, Bar chart, Line chart, Pie chart, XY Scatter chart.
Steps to create a column chart-
a. Select the range of data say A1:F7
b. Click on insert->chart
c. Select the type of chart like column chart
d. Click finish
12.What is an active cell? How to delete the contents of an active cell?
Ans- The currently selected cell is called an active cell. To delete the contents of an
active cell, press delete button from the keyboard.

13.How do formulae work in a spreadsheet?

Ans- Any expression that begins with an equal ‘=’ is treated as formula. In the
expression, the ‘=’ followed by values, cell address and functions are called as formula.
Fr example =A1+B1 adds the values of cell A1 and B1.

14.How to make visible the desired toolbar in a spreadsheet?

Ans- Steps to make visible the desired toolbar are-
a. Select toolbar option from the view menu.
b. Click on the desired toolbar from the list of toolbars.

15.Give the syntax and example of any three mathematical functions in spreadsheet
Ans following are the three mathematical functions

16.Give the syntax and example of any three statistical functions in spreadsheet.
Following are the three statistical functions in spreadsheet:
17.Give the syntax and example of any three decision making functions in spreadsheet.
Following are the three decision making functions I spreadsheet-
18.Give the syntax and example of any two date and time functions in spreadsheet.
Following are the two date and time functions in spreadsheet-

19.Explain the advantages of drawing a chart.

Advantages of drawing a chart are-
a. It summarizes large data into graphical form.
b. It gives better understanding of trends or comparison to audience.
c. It easily compares two or more data values.

20.Explain in one line each the various types of charts.

Ans- various types of chart are-
21.Write any five Components of a chart in a spreadsheet.
Ans- components of a chart in a spreadsheet are:
a. Chart area of the chart
b. Plot area off the chart
c. Data Points that are plotted in the chart
d. Horizontal and Vertical Axis in the chart
e. Legend of the chart
f. Cart and Axis title used in the chart
g. Data Label for identifying details of data point in the chart.
 Digital Presentation
1. What do you mean by Electronic/Digital presentation?
Ans- A digital presentation is a visual tool used to communicate ideas, conduct training, or showcase a
company’s offerings. It presents information in a clear and engaging way, often incorporating
multimedia elements such as images, videos, charts and animations.

2. What are the components of PowerPoint?

Ans- File Tab, Quick Access toolbar, Ribbon, Slide Pane, Slide Navigation Pane, Notes Pane, Slide
View options, Zoom Control, vertical and horizontal scroll bars.

3. List the possible multimedia contents that are included while creating a presentation.
Ans- Possible multimedia contents that are included while creating a presentation are: Audio, Video,
Image, and Animation

4. List the important points to be considered while making an effective presentation.

Ans- Important points to be considered while making an effective presentation are:
a. On one page or slide try to include 5 to 8 lines.
b. In presentation keep the font size appropriate so that the audience can easily read the content.
c. The grammar and language should be correct in your presentation.
d. Try to avid inserting more than two graphics (images, drawings, tables or charts) in any side.
e. Pay attention to target group to meet the requirements of the target audience.

5. What are the advantages of using a presentation?

Ans- Advantages of using a presentation are:
a. The concepts that are difficult to explain by teacher, can be easily presented to the audience.

6. What are the steps to add picture or objects to the slide?

Ans- to insert an image in your document, follow the steps
a. position the cursor where you want to insert the file
b. select Insert then click on image

7. Define slide navigation pane.

Ans- the slide navigation pane allows you to view and work with the slides in a presentation.

8. Explain slide view options.

Ans- the slide view options are:
a. Normal view- this view shows the slide navigation pane and the selected slide. This is the default
view.
b. Slide sorter- it displays the smaller versions of all of the slides in the presentation.
c. Reading view- it hides all editing tools to make your slides easier to review.
d. Slide show- it will play your slides as an actual presentation.

9. Write steps to create a blank presentation.

Ans- to create a new presentation, follow the steps-
a. Select the File tab to go to backstage view.
b. Select New on the left side of the window, then click Blank presentation.
c. A new presentation will appear.
10. Define template. Write steps to create a template
Ans- A template is a pre-designed presentation user can use to create a new slide show quickly include
designs. To create a new presentation from a template, follow the steps-
a. Click on file tab
b. Select New. User can type a word in search box to find templates
c. Select a template. A preview of template will appear.
d. Click create to use the selected template.

11. What do you mean by place holders?

Ans- Place holders can contain different types of content, including text and images. Place holders have
text, which the user can replace with your own text. Others have thumbnail icons that allow users to
insert pictures, chart and videos.

12. Explain the qualities of good presentation.

Ans- while working on the presentation, user should keep in mind the following points:
a. Check out the design template
b. Use standard position, color and style.
c. Only use necessary or essential information.
d. Content should be understandable to anyone who reads it.
e. Use colors that are contrast in but not distracting
f. Limit words on your slides.
g. Highlight the most important points.
h. Keep you slides simple
i. Use animations and transitions sparingly
j. Modulate your tone
k. Review and rehearse

13. Define Slide, Template and Placeholder

Ans- Slide: it is like a page of the presentation and contain placeholder to hold different types of content.
Slides when put together, make up your presentation.
Template: a pre-designed presentation user can use to create a new slid show quickly.
Place holder: An area in the slide to contain different types of content, including text and images.

14. Distinguish between normal views and outline view.

Ans-
Outline view Normal View
Purpose Focuses on the textual Used or creating and editing slides
content of slides.
Features Displays slide titles and Displays three panes: Slide pane,
main text in an outline slide/outline pane and the notes
format, without showing pane
graphics or design elements.
Focus It provides a hierarchal view Allows users to see the slide
of the presentation’s design, layout and content
structure visually
Content Useful for quickly editing User can directly edit slide content
interaction text, rearranging slides and like text, images, charts and
organizing content objects
Best for Structuring and reviewing Working on the visual and design
slide content without aspects slides.
distractions from design
elements.
 15. What is the slide sorter view and why is it used?
Ans- slide sorter view displays all the slides in a presentation as thumbnails in a horizontal ris format. It
is used to
a. Reorganize slides: drag and drop slides to rearrange the sequence easily.
b. Delete slides: Quickly identify and remove unnecessary slides.
c. Add transitions: apply or adjust transitions between slides.
d. Overview of the presentation: get a clear view of the entire presentation’s flow and structure.
e. Rehearse timing: adjust and manage the timing for slides during rehearsals.
16. Define Themes, Indentation and line spacing.
Ans- Theme: It is a predefined combination of colors, fonts and effects that can quickly change the look
and feel of your entire slide show.
Indentation: the increase or decrease of space between the left and right margin of a paragraph and is
used to create to visually set paragraphs apart from one another.
Line spacing: the space between the lines can be adjusted to improve readability or to fit more lines on
the slide.

17. Write steps to apply a theme to a presentation.

Ans- To apply a themes. Follow the steps:
a. Select the design tab, click the more drop-down arrow o see all of the available themes.
b. Select the desired theme.
c. The theme will be applied to your entire presentation.

18. Write steps to format a backgrounds as per your requirement.

Ans- To format the slide background, follow the steps-
a. Select the desn tab, click the format background command.
b. The format background pane will appear on the right. Select the desired fill option.
c. The background style of the selected slide will update.

19. Write the steps to create format line and paragraph spacing in a slide.
Ans- To format line spacing, follow the steps-
a. Select the text.
b. On the home tab, in the paragraph group, click the line spacing command.
c. Select the desired line spacing from the menu.
Steps for paragraph spacing in a slide-
a. Select the line spacing options.
b. The paragraph dialog box will open, allowing you to adjust the paragraph spacing, which is the amount
of spacing that is added before and after each paragraph.

20. Write the steps to print handout.

ANs- this option prints thumbnail versions of each slide, with optional space for notes. This layout is
especially useful if user want to give your audience a physical copy of the presentation take notes on
each slide.

21. What are the different layout to print a presentation?

Ans- Full page slide, Note, Outline and Handouts

22. Define Smart Art.

Ans- A graphical visual representation of information.
23. Define Table.
Ans- Text arranged in a grid, organized by columns and rows.

24. Write the steps to insert a picture online.

Ans- to insert the picture online, follow the following steps-
a. Click on the insert tab, in the image group, click the online pictures command.
b. The insert picture dialog box will appear.
c. Choose he search engine or one drive
d. Select the desired image, then click insert.

25. Write the steps to insert text in a shape.

Ans to insert the text in the shape, insert the shape first. When the shape appears in the document, user
can simply be typing.

26. Write the steps to group the shapes.

a. Press and hold ctrl while you select each object.
b. Select Shape format>Group>Group
c. Format or move the grouped object however you want.

27. How will you change the thickness of the line?

Ans- On the shape format tab, select shape outline. Shape format tab will be visible only if you have selected
the line. Point at weight, then select the line weight that you want. To create a custom line weight, click
more lines, and then choose the options that you want.

28. Write the steps to insert the table.

Ans- To insert a table, follow the steps-
a. Open a presentation, click where you want the table to be inserted.
b. On the insert tab, in the tables group from the table frop down choose an option
c. Click the blank boxes to insert x column x row table.

29. How smart art is different from list.

Ans- Smart art allow users to communicate information with graphics instead of just using text. List is
a text-based format for presenting information use bullets, numbers or letters to organize items.

30. How can you format a picture?

Ans- PowerPoint allow you to change the picture style and shape, add a border, crop and compress
picture, add artistic effect etc.

31. Define Transition.

Ans- Transition is an animation that occurs when power point advances from one slide to the next during
a slide show.

32. What d you mean by Slide Master?

Ans- Slide master controls all aspects such as back ground color, font style and any recurring text or
pictures and easiest way to set up the appearance of all the slides in a presentation.

33. Write steps to create a slide master slide.

Ans-to use slide master, follow the steps-
a. On the view tab, in the Master view group, click the slide master button. By default, PowerPoint
presentation has three masters: slide master, Handout Master, Notes master
b. Click the slide master
 c. Using the commands in the slide master view, user can adjust font type and size, format the
background, add graphical objects, insert or remove place holders.
d. After this, click on Close Master View button.

34. List the categories of built-in transition effects in power point.

Ans- Random Bars, Blinds, Checkerboard, Cover, Cut, Dissolve, Fade, Peel Off, Push, Reveal, and
Rotate, Spiral, Split, and Wipe etc.

35. What are the steps to add sound and duration in you presentation?
Ans- To add sound to the transition, follow the steps-
a. Click on transition tab, in the timing group, click the arrow next to the sound button.
b. Choose the sound you want.
c. To select the speed of transition, specify the length in the duration button.

36. What is the purpose of slide master?

Ans- The purpose of slide master is to provide consistent design, customization, time-saving,
standardization, global edits, layout control.
37. Explain Indent Markers with options.
Ans- Indent markers are located to the left of the horizontal ruler, and they provide several indenting
options:
a. First-line indent marker
b. Hanging indent marker
c. Left indent marker
Important Points-
1. Back rounds can have Solid, radiant, Pattern and Picture ill options.
2. Each document theme consists of 3 design elements- Theme color, Theme fonts, Theme effects
3. Handles of image help you control the shape. There are three types of handles- Sizing handles, Yellow
handle, Rotation Handle.
4. Sizing handle- drag the sizing handle until the shape or text box is of the desired shape.
5. Yellow shape- used to customize the shapes.
6. Rotation handle- click, hold and drag the rotation handle to rotate the shape.
7. Word art allow you to add effects (wavy, slanted, inflated) to the text inside of a tet box.
8. Smart art graphics- it allow you to communicate information with graphics instead of just using text.
There are variety of styles to choose from like List, Process, Cycle, Hierarchy, Relationship, Matrix, and
Pyramid.
9. In the table tool tab, user can chae the color of table, add shading borders font style etc. this tab will only
be available if user has selected the table.
10. User can duplicate slides, move slides and delete slides directly.
11. Adjust placeholder includes to select a placeholder, to move a place holder, to resize a place holder, to
delete a place holder
12. Short cut keys-
a. New file- Ctrl+N
b. New slide- Ctrl+M
c. Save- Ctrl+S
d. Cut- Ctrl+X
e. Copy- Ctrl+C
f. Paste- Ctrl+V
g. Duplicate slides- Ctrl+D
h. To use pen while presenting your slide show- Ctrl+P