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Department of ECE: 24EC1101 Fundamentals of Iot & Sensors

This session focuses on the ATMEGA328P microcontroller, covering its basic concepts, features, architecture, and applications. Students will learn to define microcontrollers, describe the ATMEGA328P's specifications, and understand its role in various fields. The session also includes comparisons with microprocessors and practical applications of the ATMEGA328P in embedded systems.

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harsha
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18 views22 pages

Department of ECE: 24EC1101 Fundamentals of Iot & Sensors

This session focuses on the ATMEGA328P microcontroller, covering its basic concepts, features, architecture, and applications. Students will learn to define microcontrollers, describe the ATMEGA328P's specifications, and understand its role in various fields. The session also includes comparisons with microprocessors and practical applications of the ATMEGA328P in embedded systems.

Uploaded by

harsha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of ECE

24EC1101
FUNDAMENTALS OF IoT & SENSORS

Session - 6

ATMEGA328P
MICROCONTROLLER
AIM OF THE SESSION

To familiarize students with the basic concept of Microcontroller (ATMEGA328P)

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

This Session is designed to:


1. Demonstrate MICRO CONTROLLER BASICS & TYPES
2. Describe ATMEGA 328P
3. List out the FEATURES and Architecture of ATMEGA328P
4. Describe the Pin Diagram and Applications of ATMEGA328P

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this session, you should be able to:


1. Define Microcontroller
2. Describe Features of ATMEGA 328P Microcontroller
3. Summarize Architecture and Applications of ATMEGA328P
INTRODUCTION

A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit that combines a microprocessor core with memory, input/output
(I/O) peripherals, and other components required for a specific task or application.

Key characteristics of a microcontroller include:


CPU RAM ROM
• Integration
• Real-Time Operations
• Low Power Consumption Serial
• On-chip Peripherals I/O Timer Comm.
• Programming and Flexibility Port
INTRODUCTION

 Microcontrollers find applications in various fields like consumer electronics, automotive systems, industrial

automation, and more.

 Peripherals: it is a device, used to transfer information into and out of computer. The term peripheral device refers

to all the hardware components that are attached to a computer and are controlled by the computer system but

they are not the core components of the computer.


5
MICROPROCESSOR VS MICROCONTROLLER
Microprocessor Microcontroller
It is a CPU, CPU is stand alone, RAM, ROM, I/O ports, CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O Devices and timer are all on a
timers are connected separately single chip.

Designer can decide on the amount of ROM, RAM, and Fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports
I/O ports

Expensive For application in which cost, power and shape are


critical

General purpose Single purpose (control oriented)

High processing power Low processing power

High power consumption Low power consumption (it uses Bit level construction)

Typically 32/64 bits Typically 8/16 bits

Instruction sets focus on processing intensive operation Instruction sets focus on control and bit level operation

6
TYPES OF MICROCONTROLLERS
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ATMEGA328P
Timers

• Timers are essential components in microcontrollers and other embedded systems for a variety of reasons.

They provide precise timing control, generate accurate time delays, and enable synchronization of various

operations.

• Timers are often used to generate PWM signals. PWM is crucial for controlling the speed of motors,

28 = 256 Count regulating the brightness of LEDs.


216 = 65,536
• Event Counting

• Generating Delays:

• Periodic Tasks
Flash Memory

• It is secondary memory.

• It is not volatile.

• It works on the principal of EEPROM.

• Flash memory can be erased multiple times and update the data or program integrated into it.

• So it gives flexibility to the updation of the program but ROM has no such type of features.
ROM (Read Only Memory)

• It stores data permanently.


• It is slower.
• Cheaper than RAM.
• Stores the data that are required to start a computer.
• Memory size is very less compare to RAM. It may be in MB.
• Size is very less.

RAM (Random Access Memory)


• It stores data temporarily.
• It is volatile in nature.
• Two types: Dynamic RAM, Static RAM.
• Dynamic RAM use capacitor and Static RAM use transistors.
• Very fast, expensive.
• RAM data can be read, erased, modification is possible.
• Use to store data for current instruction processing.
• Size is big compared to ROM
FEATURES OF ATMEGA328P

• The ATmega328P is based on the AVR 8-bit RISC architecture

• Flash Memory: It has 32KB of in-system programmable flash memory

• EEPROM: The microcontroller has 1KB of EEPROM

• SRAM: It includes 2KB of SRAM

• Clock Speed: It operates at a clock speed of up to 20MHz

• GPIO Pins: It offers 23 General Purpose IO pins.

• Timers: It has 2, 8-bit and 1, 16-bit timer.

• Operating Voltage:1.8 to 5.5V


PIN DIAGRAM (28 DIP) OF ATMEGA 328P0

 Five input pins:VCC, AREF, AVCC, GND and GND.


 Remaining 23 are I/O pins:

 B (PB0-PB7)=8 pins, C (PC0-PC6)=7 pins, D (PD0-


PD7)=8 Pins
 ATmega328P gives the support of 2 interrupts
within the controller which can be used to get the
attention of the CPU at any instant. Interrupt pins
of ATmega328P are given below. INT0 – GPIO4 and
INT1 – GPIO5
 Two wires used to send and receive the data (RX –
GPIO2,TX – GPIO3).
HARDWARE DEVICES: Micro Controllers

Uses Accessibility Prototyping


Embedded systems, automation, Great for hobbyists, and students Used for testing and development
and more before production
Microcontroller AT Mega 328P
 Performance is high, it is having a large no of pins and features.
 It is designed by 8-bit CMOS technology which enhances its performance and its power efficiency by auto sleep and
internal temperature sensor.
 This ATmega328P IC comes with internal protections and multiple programming methods which helps the engineers
to priorities this controller for different situations.
 The IC allows multiple modern era communications methods for other modules and microcontrollers itself, which is
why the microcontroller ATmega328P usage has been increasing every day.
APPLICATIONS OF ATMEGA328P
SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following can not be a clock frequency of a ATMega 328P0
Microcontroller?

(a) 12 MHz
(b) 16 MHz
(c) 20 MHz
(d) 24 MHz

2. How many digital I/O pins are there in Arduino UNO board?

(a) 14
(b) 16
(c) 20
(d) 23
SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

3. The number of bits of data that the Atmega328P can handle at a time is____.

(a) 32
(b) 16
(c) 8
(d) 4

4. How many digital I/O pins are there in ATMega328P0 Microcontroller?

(a) 14
(b) 16
(c) 20
(d) 23
SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

5. The number of timers in Atmega328P is ____.

(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4

6. Architecture of Atmega328P is based on AVR ________?

(a) CISC
(b) RISC
(c) Both RISC and CISC
(d) None of these
TERMINAL QUESTIONS

1. Draw the pin diagram of ATMega328P Microcontroller and list out its features.

2. With the help of the block diagram explain in detail about ATMega328P Microcontroller.

3. What is Microcontroller and how it is different from Microprocessor. List out the differences

between Microcontroller and Microprocessor.

4. List out few applications of ATMega328P Microcontroller.

5. What is the role of different types of memories available on ATMEGA 328P?

6. Explain the need of Interrupt Control described in the block diagram of ATMEGA 328P.
REFERENCES FOR FURTHER LEARNING OF THE SESSION

Sites and Web links:


1. https://dronebotworkshop.com/arduino-uno-atmega328/
2. https://components101.com/microcontrollers/atmega328p-pinout-features-datasheet
THANK YOU

Team – Fundamentals of IoT & Sensors

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