MAKING REGRESSION ANALYSIS EASY

USING A CASIO SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

Astrid Scheiber
CASIO

Adequate knowledge of calculator skills makes the teaching of Statistics to Grade 12

learners easier and enables the educator to assist their learners more efficiently. This
workshop will guide you through Linear Regression Analysis, including finding
relationships between variables, the line of best fit and making projections, using the
CASIO Scientific calculator.
Motivation: As of 2014, the Grade 12 Statistics syllabus involves the learners’
making use of available technology to: [12.10.1 (b)] calculate the linear regression
line which best fits a given set of bivariate numerical data and [12.10.1 (c)]
calculate the correlation co-efficient of a set of bivariate numerical data. As
stated by the current Maths CAPS document. This workshop serves to increase
educators’ understanding of the CASIO Scientific calculator. In turn, it will foster
self confidence and a positive attitude towards Statistics, enhancing both the
educators’ and learners’ understanding of the topic.
Content: This workshop will cover: Identifying the relationship between bivariate
numerical data, inputting bivariate data into the CASIO scientific calculator,
calculating the correlation co-efficient, finding the equation of the regression line,
calculating projected values - Interpolation & Extrapolation, using TABLE MODE to
find the co-ordinates of the line of best fit & selecting random samples.

WORKSHEET:
When we investigate statistical information, we often find there are connections
between sets of data. When working with two variables ( x ; y ) this is considered
working with bivariate data.

Linear Regression predicts a relationship between a dependent variable (y) and an

independent variable (x), where the relationship approaches that of a straight line.
y = A + Bx
Correlation Co-efficient (r) is the measure of the strength of the relationship
between the variables. It tells us the strength and direction of the correlation.
-1 ≤ r ≤ 1
Scatter Plots showing Correlation:

• If r is close to 0, then there is a weak linear relationship

• If r is close to -1 or +1, there is a strong linear relationship
The sign of r indicates whether the data has a positive or negative correlation (sloping
line of best fit)
• Positive correlation: As one quantity increases, the other one increases
OR as one quantity decreases, the other one decreases
• Negative correlation: As one quantity increases, the other one decreases
OR as one quantity decreases, the other one increases

Consider the following table:

Atmospheric
Temperature (°C)
pressure (kPa)
10 100,3
15 100,5
20 101,0
25 101,1
30 101,4

Pressure is dependent on Temperature

Hence: temperature is the x variable and pressure the y variable.
 We can represent this data by means of a SCATTER PLOT. If the data shows a
pattern, we can identify whether it forms a linear function or some other type of
function such as a Quadratic or Exponential function.

The relationship between Temparature

and Atmospheric pressure
101,4

101,2

101
Atmospheric Pressure

100,8

100,6

100,4

100,2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
100

99,8

99,6
Temperature

It is clear from the graph that the points tend to form a pattern which resembles a
straight line

Using the CASIO Scientific Calculator:

MODE 2: STATISTICS
1. Single variable / Data handling
2. Linear regression
3. Quadratic regression
4. Logarithmic regression
5. Exponential regression
6. AB exponential regression
7. Power regression
8. Inverse regression
 Enter STAT MODE for Bivariate data 2

Enter the data into the table: Input x-values, use the arrows to move the cursor to the
y-column & then input y-values
10=15=20=25=30=R$100.3=1
00.5=101=101.1=101.4=

Clear the screen - ready for the Regression sub menu

Cq1 5
Breakdown of Regression sub menu
Key Menu Item Explanation
5: Reg 1. Regression co-efficient of A
2. Regression co-efficient of B
3. Correlation co-efficient r
4. Estimated value of x
5. Estimated value of y

1. CALCULATE THE CORRELATION CO-EFFICIENT

3=
There is a strong, positive linear correlation between temperature and atmospheric
pressure.
Once it is determined that – 0,7 < r < – 1 OR 0,7 < r < 1 we can calculate the line of
best fit, which helps us to predict future values.
y = A + Bx where A is the y-intercept and B is the gradient/slope
2. CALCULATE THE VALUES OF A & B

• Calculate A Cq151=
 • Calculate B Cq152=

So the line of best fit is: 𝒚 = 𝟎, 𝟎𝟓𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗𝟗, 𝟕𝟒

3. FIND A SECOND POINT TO PLOT THE LINE OF BEST FIT

Cq1 4

2=

Cq145=
Once you plot the linear equation you can then make projections.

101,4
101,2
Atmospheric Pressure

101
100,8
100,6
100,4
100,2
100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
99,8
99,6
Temperature

HOW TO MAKE PROJECTIONS ON THE CALCULATOR

RULE: Step 1: Input what is given
Step 2: Regression sub menu select which variable is required
 A. What is the approximate temperature if the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa.

C100q154=
Extrapolation: value predicted lies outside the domain and range of the
data set given
B. What is the approximate atmospheric pressure when the temperature is 18°C.

C18q155=
Interpolation: value predicted lies within the domain and range of the data
set given

LIKE US ON VISIT OUR WEBSITE FOR

RESOURCES

CASIO CALCULATORS SOUTH AFRICA www.casiocalcs.co.za

RANDOM INTEGERS – The simplest way to choose a random sample of numbers

Select a random sample of 6 numbers, between 1 and 49, to play the lotto:

Q.1q)49)=
*NOTE*
• The calculator will give a different string of numbers each time
• Integers are repeated
• This function can be used to flip a coin (1,2)
• This function can be used to throw a die (1,6)
LINEAR REGRESSION ACTIVITY
The following table shows the age and mass of ten babies:
Age (in weeks) 4 5 12 10 6 1 9 13 2 7
Mass (in kg) 3,3 3,8 5,5 5 4 3 4,2 5 3,5 4,7

a) Use the information to draw a scatter plot.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MASS OF A BABY AND ITS

AGE
5,5

4,5
Mass (in kg)

3,5

2,5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Age (in weeks)

b) What pattern do the points form?

 c) Find the correlation co – efficient (rounded off to 3 decimal places)

How to set your calculator to round off to 3 decimal places

Key Sequence:

Now select decimal places

d) How would you describe the relationship between the data?

e) Find the equation of the line of best fit.

f) Plot the line of best fit on the scatter plot.

Mrs van der Merwe’s baby is 10,5 weeks old.

g) Read the estimated value for the mass of Mrs van der Merwe’s baby off
the graph and note it down

h) Using the calculator: find the estimated mass of her baby.

i) Are the 2 values similar?

How to clear your calculator from rounding off

Keys Sequence:

Select

Norm 1 is the default setting and gives answers in scientific notation.

e.g. 1 ÷ 50 000 = 2 x 10-5
Norm 2 is generally preferred as answers are only expressed in scientific notation
when they are too big to fit on the screen.
e.g. 1 ÷ 50 000 = 0.00002
 Calculators play a vital role in the classroom:
not by substituting Mathematics, but by supplementing our subject.
It’s conventional Mathematics by new methods.

REFERENCES:
RADMASTE Centre, ACE – Data Handling and Probability FET (2010) University
of the Witwatersrand, SA.

MARC ANCILLOTTI, Data Handling – Scatter plots of bivariate data.