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Chap 1

The document outlines key concepts in computer science related to file management and database systems, including file types, data handling processes, and definitions of records and files. It discusses the importance of backup and recovery, data manipulation, and the components of a database system. Additionally, it differentiates between data redundancy and inconsistency, and explains the functionality of indexed sequential files.

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8 views4 pages

Chap 1

The document outlines key concepts in computer science related to file management and database systems, including file types, data handling processes, and definitions of records and files. It discusses the importance of backup and recovery, data manipulation, and the components of a database system. Additionally, it differentiates between data redundancy and inconsistency, and explains the functionality of indexed sequential files.

Uploaded by

Babar ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Punjab Group of Colleges

Past Papers Short Questions Computer Science Part-II

Chapter#1
Q1: Describe the file types from a usage point of view and a functional point of view.
From the usage point of view, files are divided into three categories:
• Master File
• Transaction File
• Backup File
From the functional point of view, files are divided into two categories:
• Program Files
• Data Files
Q2: How can you describe data handling in a file management system?
In a file management system, data handling involves various processes and operations related to
managing files and organizing data stored on a computer's file system.
Here is how data handling is described in a file management system:
• File Organization
• File Access
• File Editing
• File Storage and Retrieval
• File Backup and Recovery
Q3: What are program files?
Program files are the files that contain software instructions.
Example: Source program files and executable files. The extension of source and executable files
are .com and .exe respectively.
Q4: Define file organization & Name different types of file organization.
File Organization
Files are organized on storage media for quick and efficient access. It is also kept in view while
organizing files on storage media how efficient it is to create or delete a file.
Following are the different types of file organization:
• Usage Point of view
• Functional Point of view
• Storage Point of view

Q5: What are a Direct Access File and a Sequential Access File?
Direct or Random Files
In direct or random files data is stored on a calculated address. Each record is accessed directly.
Indexed Sequential Files
The data in this type of file can be accessed sequentially as well as randomly based on a key
value.
Q6: List the file type from a usage point of view.
• Master File
• Backup File
• Transactional File

Q7: What is an extension of a database file in MS ACCESS?


The extension of the database file in MS ACCESS is .mdb
Q8: Define database system.
A database system is software designed to efficiently manage, store, retrieve, and manipulate
large volumes of organizational data.
Q9: List different objectives of Databases.
The following are the objectives of Databases:
• Data Integration
• Data Integrity
• Data Interdependence
Q10: Differentiate between data redundancy and data inconsistency.
Data Redundancy Data Inconsistency
Data redundancy refers to the repetition or duplication of data within a database or information
system. Data inconsistency occurs when the same data element has different values in
different parts of the database.
It occurs when the same data is stored multiple times in different locations or tables within a
database. It can arise due to data redundancy, human error during data entry or updates, or
lack of proper data validation checks.

Q11: State the purpose of backup and recovery.


The purpose of backup and recovery in a database system is to safeguard data against loss,
corruption, or accidental deletion and to ensure the continuity of organizational operations in
case of any disasters or system failures.
Q12: What is Data Manipulation?
The process of applying different operations on data is called data manipulation. It includes the
operations of classifying, calculations, sorting, and summarizing.
Q13: What is a Record? What is a File?
A collection of related fields treated as a single unit is known as a record. For example, an
employee’s record includes a set of fields about the employee such as Employee Number,
Employee Name, etc.
A collection of related records treated as a single unit is called a file. Multiple records of
employees are treated as a single unit to form a file.
Q14: How does a Backup File contribute to protecting data in an organization?
Backup Files are like safety copies of important files. They're made using special tools to keep
crucial data safe from problems like computer crashes or mistakes. If something bad happens to
the main files, the Backup Files can be used to restore them.
Q15: How does an Indexed Sequential File manage to provide both
sequential and random access?
In Indexed Sequential Files, the key field of each record is stored along with its corresponding
address in an index. This index allows for random access to records based on their keys, while
the sequential arrangement of records enables sequential processing when needed.
Q16: Name four major components of a database system.
The four major components of a database system are:
• Data
• Hardware
• Software
• Personnel
Q17: Define DBMS.
A collection of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information from a
database. There are many different types of DBMS, ranging from small systems that run on
personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes.
Example

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