A

TECHNICAL SEMINAR
ON
BLUE BRAIN TECHNOLOGY
Technical seminar submitted to

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD,

HYDERABAD, TELANGANA.

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree in

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Submitted by

D.ASHRUTHA -21UC1A0520

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

TALLA PADMAVATHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEEING

Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH

Somidi, Kazipet, Hanumakonda-506003

2024-202
 TALLA PADMAVATHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEEING
Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH

NAAC Accredited- An ISO 9001:2015,

Somidi, Kazipet, Hanumakonda-506003

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Technical Seminar Report entitled “BLUE BRAIN
TECHNOLOGY” is being submitted by D. ASHRUTHA (21UC1A0520) in the partial
fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING from Talla Padmavathi
College of Engineering, Hanumakonda, affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University, Hyderabad, Telangana during academic year 2024-2025.

CO-ORDINATOR HOD/CSE PRINCIPAL

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am grateful to our Chairman, Mr. Talla Mallesham, for providing us ambient learning experience at our
institution.
I am greatly thankful to maneging Director, Dr. Talla Vamshi, and Director Mrs. Chaitanya, for their
encouragement and valuable academic support in all aspects.
I am thankful to our Principal, Dr. R. Velu, for his support and inspiration to carry out this Technical
Seminar in the institute.
I extend our heartfelt thanks to Mrs. J. SHILPA, Head of the Department of Computer Science
and Engineering, Talla Padmavathi College of Engineering for providing us necessary
infrastructure and thereby giving us freedom to carry out the Technical Seminar Report.
I express heartfelt thanks to the Technical Seminar Co-ordinator, Mrs. K. Madhurima
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, for her constant support
and giving necessary guidance for completion of this Technical Seminar Report.
 Abstract
The brain is the maximum complicated organ in human frame. The purpose of blue brain
thoughts technology is to feature the entire facts in the mind into a machine. we will gain this
even after the demise of a human frame. on this manner, maintain the records and intelligence.
the blue mind generation is the modern-day invention inside the discipline of neural networks.
this generation will open doors within the area of artificial intelligence. this new era has made
way for widespread development in supercomputing, also referred to as high overall
performance computers. The project seeks to understand brain processes, enabling
breakthroughs in neuroscience and artificial intelligence. Human mind is the maximum
valuable advent. The man is sensible due to the mind. "Blue brain" is the name of the arena's
first digital mind. which means a gadget can feature as human mind. These days scientists are
in research to create an artificial mind which could think, response, take selection, and hold
anything in reminiscence. Blue Brain Technology is not confined to replicating the human brain
alone; it also encompasses the study of brains across different species. This comparative
approach enhances our understanding of evolutionary aspects and highlights commonalities and
distinctions in brain organization. The potential applications of Blue Brain Technology extend
beyond neuroscience, impacting fields such as artificial intelligence, robotics, and cognitive
computing. Insights gained from simulating brain functions could inspire the development of
brain-inspired algorithms and intelligent systems.
 INDEX

S.NO CONTENTS
PAGE
NO

1. Introduction 1

2. Literature Survey 3

3. Working of Virtual Brain 4

4. Applications 9

5. Uploading the Human Brain 10

6. Blue Gene/P technical specifications 11

7. Software and hardware requirements 12

8. Advantages 13

9. Disadvantages 14

10. 15
Conclusion
Future Scope

References 17
 1. INTRODUCTION

A. Blue Brain

The name of the world's first virtual brain. That means a machine that can function as human
brain. Today scientists are in research to create an artificial brain that can think, response, take
decision, and keep anything in memory. The main aim is to upload human brain into machine.
So that man can think, take decision without any effort. Human brain the most valuable creation
of God. The man is called intelligent because of the brain. After the death of the body, the virtual
brain will act as the man. So, even after the death of a person we will not lose the knowledge,
intelligence, personalities, feelings and memories of that man that can be used for the
development of the human society. The Blue Brain Project is one of the most ambitious
scientific projects ever undertaken. It is also one of the most controversial, as there is no
consensus on whether or not it is possible to create a fully functional brain simulation.
Nevertheless, the project has made significant progress in recent years, and it is now possible
to simulate small parts of the mouse brain in detail.

The Blue Brain Project is important for a number of reasons. First, it could help us to understand
the fundamental principles of brain function. This knowledge could be used to develop new
treatments for neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Second, the
Blue Brain Project could help us to create artificial intelligence that is more humanlike. This
could have a profound impact on society, as it could lead to the development of new
technologies that are more efficient and effective than our current ones. The Blue Brain Project
is still in its early stages, and it is likely to be many years before it is possible to create a fully
functional brain simulation. However, the project has already made significant progress, and it
is clear that it has the potential to revolutionize our understand of the brain and artificial
intelligence.

Figure 1.1:Blue brain

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B. Need of Virtual Brain
Today we are developed because of our intelligence. Intelligence is the inborn quality that
cannot be created. Some people have this quality, so that they can think up to such an extent
where other cannot reach. Human society is always in need of such intelligence and such an
intelligent brain to have with. But the intelligence is lost along with the body after the death.
The virtual brain is a solution to it. The brain and intelligence will be alive even after the death.
We often face difficulties in remembering things such as people names, their birthdays, and the
spellings of words, proper grammar, important dates, history facts, and etc. In the busy life
everyone wants to be relaxed. Virtual brain may be a better solution for it.

Figure 1.2:Virtual Brain

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 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

[1]. The research "The Blue Brain Nexus: A Platform for Data-Driven Neuroscience" by

Cantarelliet al. (2021) outlines the Blue Brain Nexus, a platform for gathering and distributing

neuroscience data. Tools for data analysis and visualisation are included on the platform, which

is meant to make cooperation and data reuse.

[2]. Henry Markram, the creator of the Blue Brain Project, is interviewed in this Nature (2019)
article titled "The Future of Neuroscience." Markram talks about the project's development and
prospective effects on medicine and neuroscience. The Brain Simulation Platform, a software
platform created by the Blue Brain Project for simulating neurological systems. The paper
describes the platform's features and its applications in research and teaching.

[3]. Markram, H. (2021). The blue brain project: A decade of progress and the road ahead.

Nature Reviews Neuroscience, offers a statistical breakdown of the publications, partnerships,

and impact of the Blue Brain Project. The project's contributions to neuroscience and its

potential for new discoveries are highlighted.

[4]. Markram, H., & Oberheim, K. (2023). The blue brain project: A new era of neuroscience.
Science. Human Brain is the most complicated creature on earth that will be demolished after
certain decay of years. This research paper is based on the theoretical concept. How its
intelligence can be preserved for future use and what methodology is used for preserving it. It
also discussed about its merits, demerits and lots of other things that we can do with it.

[5]. Markram, H., & Eglen, S. J. (2023). The blue brain project: A synthetic brain for
understanding the human brain.

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 3.WORKING OF VIRTUAL BRAIN
There are three main steps for working of the virtual brain:

i)Data Acquisition.

ii) Simulation. iii)Visualization

of Results.

i)Data Acquisition

The journey of constructing a virtual brain begins with the meticulous collection of high
resolution anatomical and functional data from real human brains. This information serves
as the foundation upon which the digital replica is constructed. Researchers employ
sophisticated imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron
emission tomography (PET), to capture intricate details of the brain's structure and activity.

Figure 3.1: Representing Data acquisition.

ii) Simulation

a) NEURON
Once the raw data is acquired, the next step involves transforming it into a computational
model that can simulate the brain's dynamic activity. This is achieved by employing
mathematical algorithms and computational power to represent the electrical signals that
neurons use to communicate. The goal is to create a model that accurately reflects the

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complex interplay of billions of neurons and trillions of synapses that make up the brain’s
intricate network.

Figure 3.2: Representing Simulation

b) Simulation speed
In 2012 simulations of one cortical column (~10,000 neurons) run at approximately 300 x
slower than real time. So, one second of simulated time takes about five minutes to complete.
The simulations show approximately linear scaling - that is, doubling the size of the neural
network doubles the time it takes to simulate. Currently the primary goal is biological
validity rather than performance. The simulation time step for the numerical integrations is

0.025 Ms and the time step for writing the output to disk is 0.1 Ms.

c) Workflow
The simulation step involves synthesizing virtual cells using the algorithms that were found
to describe real neurons. The algorithms and parameters are adjusted for the age, species,
and disease stage of the animal being simulated. Every single protein is simulated, and there
are about a billion of these in one cell. First a network skeleton is built from all the different
kinds of synthesized neurons. Finally, the neurons are functionalized and the simulation
brought to life.

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d) BBP-SDK

The Blue Brain Project - Software Development Kit is a set of software classes (APIs)

that allows researchers to utilize and inspect models and simulations. The SDK is a C++

library wrapped in Java and Python.

iii) Visualization of results

The final stage involves translating the computational simulation into a visually
comprehensible form. This is where visualization techniques come into play, allowing
researchers to transform the abstract data into meaningful representations of brain
activity. They utilize sophisticated software tools to create 3D models and animations
that depict the flow of information, the firing of neurons, and the overall patterns of
brain activity. The virtual brain, once completed, provides a powerful tool for exploring
the intricate workings of the human brain. It enables researchers to study complex
phenomena such as learning, memory, and consciousness in a way that was previously
not possible. By simulating brain function, scientists can gain insights into the
underlying mechanisms of neurological disorders and develop new therapeutic

approaches.

Figure 3.3: Representing Visualization of results

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3.1 FUNCTIONING OF HUMAN BRAIN
The human ability to feel, interpret and even see is controlled, in computer like calculations,
by the magical nervous system. Yes, the nervous system is quite like magic because we can’t
see it, but its working through electric impulses through your body. To understand this
system, one has to know the three simple functions that it puts into action: sensory input,
integration, motor output. The human brain is the most complex organ in the human body,
comprising over 100 billion neurons and hundreds of trillions of synapses. It is responsible
for all aspects of human behaviour, including thought, emotion, and memory.

The basic functions of the brain can be divided into three main stages:

A. Sensory Input

B. Integration

C. Output

A. Sensory Input:
Sensory cells, also known as neurons, receive information from the five senses: sight,

hearing, smell, taste, and touch. This information is then transmitted to the brain via

electrical signals.

B. Integration:

The brain integrates the information from the sensory cells and processes it to form a

coherent experience. This process involves the activation of different groups of neurons and

the formation of neural networks. C. Output:

The brain sends signals to the muscles and glands to produce a response to the information

that it has received. This response can range from a simple movement to a complex thought.

Blue Brain technology is a scientific project that aims to create a digital simulation of the
human brain. The project is based on the idea that the brain can be understood by studying the
interactions of its individual neurons. By simulating these interactions, the project hopes to
uncover the secrets of the brain and how it works.

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3.2 BRAIN SIMULATION
Brain simulation is the use of computers to model the human brain. This can be done by
creating a detailed map of the brain's structure and function, and then using this map to
simulate the brain's activity. Brain simulation is a complex and challenging task, but it has
the potential to revolutionize our understanding of the brain and to lead to new treatments
for neurological diseases.

There are two main types of brain simulation:

Natural brain simulation:

This type of simulation uses data from real brains to create a model of the brain. This data
can be collected from a variety of sources, such as MRI scans, PET scans, and
electroencephalography (EEG).
Stimulated brain simulation:
This type of simulation uses a computer model to stimulate the brain. The model is based on
our understanding of how the brain works, and it is used to predict how the brain will respond
to different stimuli.

Figure:3.2.1: Natural Brain and Virtual Brain

Brain simulation is a powerful tool that has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of

the brain and to lead to new treatments for neurological diseases. However, it is important to

note that brain simulation is still in its early stages of development.

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 4.APPLICATIONS OF BLUE BRAIN

Understanding the Brain and Neurological Disorders

Blue Brain technology could provide a powerful tool for understanding the complex

workings of the human brain. By studying the simulated brain, scientists could gain insights

into how the brain processes information, learns, and remembers.

Artificial Intelligence and Brain-Computer Interfaces

Blue Brain technology could also lead to advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and
braincomputer interfaces (BCIs). By understanding the architecture and function of the
human brain, scientists could develop more intelligent AI systems that are capable of
learning and adapting on their own. BCIs could also be used to restore lost function to people
with paralysis or other neurological disabilities.

Personalized Medicine and Mental Health

Blue Brain technology could also be used to develop personalized medicine approaches for
treating mental health disorders. By simulating individual brains, scientists could identify
the specific neural networks that are involved in different disorders. This information could
then be used to develop targeted treatments that are more effective than current medications.

Education and Virtual Reality

Blue Brain technology could also have applications in education and virtual reality. By

creating simulations of different environments, educators could create immersive learning

experiences that are more engaging and effective.

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 5.UPLOADING HUMAN BRAIN
The uploading is possible by the use of small robots known as the nanobots. These robots
are small enough to travel throughout our circulatory system. Traveling into the spine and
brain, they will be able to monitor the activity and structure of our central nervous system.
They will be able to provide an interface with computer while we still reside in our biological
form. Nanobots could also carefully scan the structure of our brain, providing a complete
readout of the connection. This information, when entered into a computer, could then
continue to function as us.
Thus, the data stored in the entire brain will be uploaded into the computer IBM, in
partnership with scientists at Switzerland's Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne's
(EPFL) Brain and Mind Institute will begin simulating the brain's biological systems and
output the data as a working 3-dimensional model that will recreate the high-speed
electrochemical interactions that take place within the brain's interior. These include
cognitive functions such as language, learning, perception and memory in addition to brain
malfunction such as psychiatric disorders like depression and autism. From there, the
modelling will expand to other regions of the brain and, if successful, shed light on the
relationships between genetic, molecular and cognitive functions of the brain.

Figure 5.1: Nanobots

Once the microcircuit is built, the exciting work of making the circuit function can begin.
All the processors of the Blue Gene are pressed into service, in a massively parallel
computation solving the complex mathematical equations that govern the electrical activity
in each neuron when a stimulus is applied. As the electrical impulse travels from neuron to
neuron, the results are communicated via inter-processor communication (MPI), Currently,
the time required to simulate the circuit is about two orders of magnitude larger than the
actual biological time simulated.

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6. BLUE GENE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

1. 4,096 quad-core nodes (16,384 cores in total).

2. Each core is a PowerPC 450, 850 MHz.

3. Total: 56 teraflops, 16 terabytes of memory.

4. 4 racks, one row, wired as a 16x16x16 3D torus.

5. 1 PB of disk space, GPFS parallel file system.

6. Operating system: Linux SUSE SLES 10.

7. Public front end: bluegene.epfl.ch and processing log.

Figure:6.1: Blue Brain Storage Rack

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7.SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
1. A super computer.
2. Memory with a very large storing capacity 256MB or 512 MB.
3. Processor with a very high processing power.
4. A very wide network.
5. Linux and c ++ software.
6. A program to convert the electric impulses from the brain to input signal.
7. Very powerful Nanobots to acts as the interface between the natural brain and
computer.
8. The Blue brain has some 8000 processor which map 1 or 2 simulated brain neurons
to each processor.

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 8. ADVANTAGES

1. We can remember things without any effort.

2. Decision can be made without the presence of a person.
3. Even after the death of a man his intelligence can be used.
4. The activity of different animals can be understood i.e. by interpretation of the
electric impulses from the brain of animals, their thinking can be understood easily.
5. It would allow the deaf to hear via direct nerve stimulation, and also be helpful for
many psychological diseases. By downloading the contents of the brain that was
uploaded into the computer, the man can get rid of from the madness.
6. Blue Brain is an approach to store and analyse the data.
7. Improved treatment of mental health disorders.
8. Improved Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.

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 9. DISADVANTAGES

1. We become dependency upon the computer systems.

2. Others may use technical knowledge against us.

3. Computer viruses will pose an increasingly critical threat.

4. Since the neural schema of the human is hacked when blue brain project is related to

the brain.

5. Brain simulation requires a lot of computational power, and this can be a challenge

to provide.

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 10.CONCLUSION

We will be able to transfer ourselves into computers at some point. Most arguments against
this outcome are seemingly easy. They are either simple minded, or simply require further
time for technology to increase. The only serious threats raised are also overcome as we note
the combination of biological and digital technologies. Very soon this technology will be
highly accepted all over the world. IBM is developing blue brain which is going to be the
world’s first virtual brain within 30 years. Using the Blue Gene supercomputers, up to 100
cortical columns, 1 million neurons, and 1 billion synapses can be simulated at once. This is
roughly equivalent to the brain power of a honey bee. Humans, by contrast, have about 2
million columns in their cortices. Despite the sheer complexity of such an endeavour, it is
predicted that the project will be capable of this by the year 2023

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 10.1 FUTURE SCOPE

The Blue Brain project will dedicate significant effort to this task. Current Blue Brain project
reconstructions omit many features of neural anatomy and physiology that are known to play
an important role in brain function. The BBPs current digital reconstructions are first drafts,
to be refined in future releases. The fact that they are detailed means they are “data ready”.
It is easy to incorporate data from new experiments as they become available. Future BBP
work will enrich the reconstructions with models of the neurovascular glia system,
neuromodulator, different forms of plasticity, gap-junctions, and couple them to
neurorobotics systems, enabling in silicon studies of perception, cognition and behaviour. A
second major effort will be dedicated to reconstructions and simulations on a larger scale
than neural micro circuitry. The Blue Brain team is already working with communities in
the Human Brain Project and beyond, to build digital reconstructions of whole brain regions
and eventually the whole mouse brain. This work will prepare the way for reconstructions
of the human brain, on different scales and with different levels of detail. Finally, a very
large part of BBP activity is dedicated to engineering: developing and operating the software
tools, the workflows and the supercomputing capabilities required to digitally reconstruct
and simulate the brain and to analyses and visualize the results.

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 REFERENCES

[1] G. Kohila, J. Jaresiah "BLUE BRAIN TECHNOLOGY" International Journal of

Advanced Research in Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology. [2] The
research "The Blue Brain Nexus: A Platform for Data-Driven Neuroscience" by
Cantarelliet.
[3] Henry Markram, the creator of the Blue Brain Project, is interviewed in this Nature
(2019) article titled "The Future of Neuroscience.
[4] Nakul Ghimire, Fahad Iqbal "Blue Bain" International Journal of Computer Science
and Information Technology Research.
[5] http://research.ibm.com/bluebrain.
[6] Reimann et al (2024) "A Digital Reconstruction of the Human Brain’s Neocortical
Microcircuitry".
[7] Markram et al (2022) “The Blue Brain Project: Whole Brain Simulation at the
Cellular Level”.
[8] EPFL (Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne 2024)

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