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Day12 MaterialPDF

The document provides an overview of file handling in Python, including how to read from and write to files using various modes. It emphasizes the use of the context manager (with statement) for efficient resource management and error handling. Additionally, it outlines real-world use cases such as logging, data processing, and configuration management.

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10 views5 pages

Day12 MaterialPDF

The document provides an overview of file handling in Python, including how to read from and write to files using various modes. It emphasizes the use of the context manager (with statement) for efficient resource management and error handling. Additionally, it outlines real-world use cases such as logging, data processing, and configuration management.

Uploaded by

sriradhan1802
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Day 12: File Handling (Material)

File handling in Python allows you to read from and write to files on your system. It is a
core aspect of many applications, as it enables data persistence.

1. Reading from and Writing to Files

Opening a File

Python uses the built-in open() function to work with files. The syntax is:

open(file, mode)

• file: The name or path of the file.

• mode: The mode in which the file is opened.

o 'r': Read (default mode).

o 'w': Write (overwrites if file exists, creates if it doesn't).

o 'a': Append (adds to the file, if it exists).

o 'b': Binary mode.

o 'x': Create (fails if the file exists).

Reading Files

1. Reading the Entire File

2. with open("example.txt", "r") as file:

3. content = file.read()

4. print(content)

o file.read(): Reads the entire file content as a string.

5. Reading Line by Line

6. with open("example.txt", "r") as file:

7. for line in file:

8. print(line.strip()) # Removes any trailing newline or whitespace

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9. Reading a Specific Number of Characters

10. with open("example.txt", "r") as file:

11. part = file.read(10) # Reads the first 10 characters

12. print(part)

13. Reading All Lines into a List

14. with open("example.txt", "r") as file:

15. lines = file.readlines()

16. print(lines) # Each line is stored as an item in a list

Writing to Files

1. Overwriting the File

2. with open("example.txt", "w") as file:

3. file.write("This will overwrite the file content.\n")

4. Appending to a File

5. with open("example.txt", "a") as file:

6. file.write("This will be added to the file.\n")

7. Writing Multiple Lines

8. with open("example.txt", "w") as file:

9. lines = ["Line 1\n", "Line 2\n", "Line 3\n"]

10. file.writelines(lines)

2. Context Manager (with Statement)

What is a Context Manager?

A context manager automatically handles opening and closing resources, like files,
ensuring there are no memory leaks or issues due to forgetting to close a file.

Using with for File Handling

with open("example.txt", "r") as file:

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content = file.read()

print(content)

• Advantages:

o Automatically closes the file after the block executes.

o Ensures proper resource management.

How it Differs from open() Without with

Without with:

file = open("example.txt", "r")

try:

content = file.read()

print(content)

finally:

file.close()

With with, this is handled implicitly, making your code cleaner and less error-prone.

Examples

1. Copying File Content

with open("source.txt", "r") as source, open("destination.txt", "w") as dest:

for line in source:

dest.write(line)

2. Counting Words in a File

with open("example.txt", "r") as file:

content = file.read()

words = content.split()

print(f"Number of words: {len(words)}")

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Phone: +91 97419 82589, +91 97318 52489
Web site: aipoch.ai, mind2i.com
3. Logging with Append Mode

with open("log.txt", "a") as log:

log.write("This is a new log entry.\n")

4. Reading a Binary File

with open("image.jpg", "rb") as file:

data = file.read()

print(f"Read {len(data)} bytes.")

Important Points

1. Error Handling

o Always use try-except blocks when working with file operations outside
with to handle errors gracefully.

try:

file = open("nonexistent.txt", "r")

except FileNotFoundError:

print("File not found.")

finally:

if file:

file.close()

2. File Modes

Mode Description

r Read (default). File must exist.

w Write. Overwrites the file or creates a new one.

a Append. Adds data to the end of the file.

x Create. Fails if the file exists.

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Mode Description

b Binary mode. Used for non-text files.

3. Efficient Resource Management Always prefer the with statement for file
handling as it minimizes the risk of resource leaks.

Real-World Use Cases

1. Log Files: Record user activity in a system log.

2. Data Processing: Read and process CSV or text data for analytics.

3. File Backups: Create automated scripts to copy or backup files.

4. Configuration Management: Store application settings in text files and read


them during runtime.

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Phone: +91 97419 82589, +91 97318 52489
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