7) Factors and Multiples

Learning Outcomes
Students will be able to learn:
about factors and multiples of a number.
about prime and composite numbers.
to find prime factors of a number by factor tree method and prime factorization
method.
about tests of divisibility of numbers by 2, 3, 4,5, 9 and 10.
to find Highest Common Factor (H.C.F.) by listing and common division methods.
to find Least Common Multiple (LC.M.) by listing and common division methods.

Factorsofa Number Top Tip

We have already learnt multiplication of numbers in We can always write a
which two numbers are multiplied to get the product. number as the product of
its factors
The numbers that we multiply together to get a product
Forexample, 12 =4x3.
are called factors.
Let's consider a number 16 and find out its factors.
We have, 1 x 16 16, 2 x8 = 16 and 4 x 4 16. Here, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 are the factors
of 16.
The factor of any number is a divisor that divides the number completely without leaving
a remainder.

For example, when 16 is divided by 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 separately, the remainder is 0.

Thus, we can say that both the divisor and the quotient are the factors of the dividend,
when the remainder is 0.
So, we can find the factors of a number by either multiplication or division.
EXample 1: Write all the factors of 24.
Solution Factors of 24 by multiplication
Step 1: Find out the numbers that can be multiplied to get the given number.
Try 1 1 x 24 = 24 (1 and 24 are factors of 24.)
Try 2 2 x 12 24 (2 and 12 are factors of 24.)
Try 3 3 x 8 = 24 (3 and 8 are factors of 24.)
Try4 4 x6 24 (4 and 6 are factors of 24.)

67
 possible)
Try 55x? =24 (Not
will stop here since from
om now
now
Try 6 6 x 4 24 (We on the
are repeating.) facto
number.
Step 2: Write all the factors of the given
factors of 24.
So, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 are the
Factors of 24 by division
number by a divisor that gives 0 as remainda.
Step 1: Divide the given hder.
Try 124 1 24 (quotient 24 and remainder =0)
Try 224 2 12 (quotient =12 and remainder 0)
Try 324 3 8 (quotient 8 and remainder =0)
=

Try 424 4 6 (quotient 6 and remainder =0)

= =

Try 524 5 = ? (not possible)

Try 6 2 4 6 = 4 (quotient =4 and remainder = 0)

We will stop here since division of 24 by any other number is nat

possible.
Step 2: Write the divisor and quotient of the given number as the factors of24
So, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 are the factors of 24.

Properties of Factors
1 i s a factor of every number and is the smallest factor of that number.
For example, 1 x 4 =
4; 1 x 6 6; and 1 x 25 =25, where 1 is the factor of evey
number.
1 i s the only number that has only one factor.
Forexample, 1 x 1 =1.
.Every number isa factor of itself and is the
greatest factor of that numbe.
For example, let's find the factors of 12: 1x 12 12, wher
12; 2 6 12; and
and 3 4
3 xx4 =

est factof
x
1, 2, 3,4, 6 and 12 are the factors of 12. It can
factor
be seen that 12 is the gred
of itself.
There are finite
(limited) number of factors for a
given number.
For example, 12 has only 6
factors, i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.
.Factors of a given number are always
smaller than or equal to that nber.

For example, the factors of 15 are

nu an
o r

than
of
1, 3, 5 and 15 which are either sm.
aller

equal to 15.

68
Example 2: Is 9 a factor of 3600P 40
Solution: 9 is a factor of 360 since it divides 360 exactly 9 360
without leaving any remainder. -36
9x40 360 00
- 00
So, both 9 and 40 are the factors of 360.
00Remainder

Common Factors
Remember
Common factors are the factors that are common to The largest factor that is
two or more numbers. common to all the given
numbers is called the highest
To find the common factors of two or more numbers,
common factor or H.C.F. of
find the factors of each number and then identify the the given numbers.
common factors among them.

Example 3: Find the common factors of 6 and 18.

Mental Maths
Solution: Factors of 6: O.2,3 and
Write True or False.
Factors of 18: , 2, 3, 6, 9 f6x4=24, 24 x 2 = 48, then

and 18. (a) 6 is a factor of 48. T

factors of 6 and
(b) 4 is a factor of 6. F
So, the common
(c) 24 is a factor of 48.T
18 are 1, 2, 3 and 6.
(d) 2 is a factor of 24. T

Exercise 7.1

. Write any five factors of the following numbers.

(c) 64 (d) 81 (e) 112
(a) 28 (b) 48
(h) 196 (i) 200 G) 264
(f) 78 B) 148

Encircle the factor(s) of the given coloured numbers.

(a) 72 2 4 6 5

(56 4 6 9 14
(c318 6 9 3 8

(d 625 3 7 9
(e 236 6 3 4 2
3. Is 2 a
factor of 216?
4s 5 afactor of 50?
5 Find the common factors of the following numbers.
(a) 8 and 12 (c)12 and 50 (d) 20 and 60
(hy 9 and 15
69
 Multipies of a Number
of the given number other countino
ny other
and any
counting numbe
A multiple of a number is the product
The multiples of a given number are obtained by multiplying
it with
ing numk
counting numbers l
1, 2, 3, 4, 5.... and so on. Top Tip
that listed below.
Look at the first five multiples of 6
are
All the counting
18, 6x4 =24, 6x5 30 numbers such as 1,.2,
6x1 6, 6x2 12, 6x3 3.4,
6 with 1, 2, 3, are called natural
Here, the products obtained on multiplying numbers. The natural
are the first
4, and 5, i.e., 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30, respectively numbers, including 0are
five multiples of 6. called whole numbers
Example 4: Write the first five multiples of 8.
Solution: The first five multiples of 8 can be obtained by multiplying 8 with 1. 2, 3,4
and 5.
8x1 8, 8x 2 16, 8 x 3 =24,8 x 4 = 32, 8 x 5 40

So, the first five multiples of 8 are 8, 16, 24, 32 and 40.
To find whether a given larger number is a multiple of the smaller number or not, we
divide the larger number by the smaller number. If the remainder is 0, then the large
number is a multiple of the smaller number. However, if the remainder is 1 or more,ther
the larger number is not a multiple of the smaller number.
Example 5: Find whether 654 is a Example 6: Find whether 264 is a
multiple of 7 or not. multiple of 2 or not.
93 132
Solution: 7 654 Solution: 2 264
-63
24 06
21 5
03 Remainder 04
4

Since the remainder obtained

is Since the remainder obtaine
not 0, 654 is not a
multiple of 7. is 0, 264 is a multiple of 2.
Properties of Multiples
Top Tip
Every number is a multiple of 1. Multiples of a numbe
For example, 1 13 13 x can also be obtained by
where 13 is a
=

multiple of 1. SKip counting. For example

Every number is a
multiple of itself. to find the muitiples of
5,
the
For example, 7 x 1 =7
where 7 is a multiple of 7. skip count by 5.Thus
10,
multiples of 5 are 5,
15,20,...
70
 .Every number is the first and the smallest multiple of itself.
For example, the first and the smallest multiple of 9 is 9 and of 12 is 12.
A number can have infinite multiples.
For example, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, . and so on are the multiples of 2.
.Every multiple of a number is exactly divisible by that particular number.
Forexample, 8+4 2, 15 5 = 3 and 27 +9 3.
The multiples of a number are either greater than or equal to that number.
Forexample, 13 x 1
13, 13 x 2 26, 13x 3 39, and so on. Here, the
=

multiples of
13 are equal to and greater than 13 but not less than 13.
Common Multiples
When a particular number is a multiple of two or more numbers, it is called a common
muitiple.
To find the common multiples of the given numbers, follow Remember
the given steps. The smallest multiple
that is common to all
First list the multiples of each number. given numbers is called the
Continue listing the multiples ofeach number until at least common multiple
or L.C.M. of the given
least two multiples that are common to all the lists of numbers.
the given numbers are obtained.

Finally, compare and identify the common multiples.

Example 7: Find two common multiples of 2, 3 and 4.
Solution: Multiples of 2 are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12), 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26,
Multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, (12, 15, 18, 21, 24), 27, ..

Multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, . .

So, the two common multiples of 2, 3 and 4 are 12 and 24.

Exercise 7.2

1. Fill in the
blanks.
(a) Every number is a o f 1.
(6) The multiples of any number are. or equal to that particular
number.
(c) The multiples of 9 till 81 are
(d) A number can have
multiples.
71
 numbers.
of the following
five multiples
Write the first (d) 8
2.
(b) 11
(c) 14 (e) 6
(a) 7
of the following numbers.
Write the 4th and
the 7th multiples
3. (d) 16
(b) 18
(c) 4 (e) 5
(a) 12
the given coloured numbers
the numbers which are multiples of
4. Encircle
650 418
(a) 2 24 97
436 950 277
(b) 5 65
72 615 346
(c) 3 52
96 172 81 18
(d) 9
numbers.
5. Find two common multiples of the following
(a) 3 and 7 (b) 4 and8 (c) 3, 6 and 9

Even and Odd Numbers

Even numbers are the multiples of 2 or the numbers that are divisible by 2. They end w
0, 2,4,6 and 8. Numbers such as 2, 4, 6,8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 are the first few even numbe
Odd numbers are the numbers that are not divisible by 2 and end with 1, 3, 5, 7 and
Numberssuch as 1, 3, 5, 7,9, 11, 13 and 15 are the first few odd numbers.

Mental Maths
1. Add and state whether the sum is even odd.
(a) 5+6
or
TopTip
b) 2+8 O =
E 2 is one of the
2.WriteTrue or False.
factors of all the
(a) Sum of two even numbers is even.T
even numbers.
(b) Sum of two odd numbers is odd.
(c) Sum of an even number and an odd number
is odd.

Prime and Composite Numbers Remember

A 2is the smallest prime number.
prime number is a number that has
factors, i.e., 1 and the number itself. Itonly two 2 is the only even prime number.
be divided exactly by any other cannot All other even numbers are
1 and itself. number, except composite numbers.
I f two numbers have only 1 as a
For example, numbers such as 2, 3, common factor, they are known a
13 are some of the
5,7, 11 and
prime numbers. cO-prime numbers.
Anumber other than the prime number is
has more called composite number.
umbe

than two tactors apart from 1 and the A composdexact b

its factors. number itself. It can be divioe
For example, numbers such as 4, 6, 8, 9 and 10
are some
of the Composite
composite numbers
72 n
Prime and composite Numbers between 1 and 100

121 31 41 51 61
71 81 91 Top Tip
12 22 32 42 52 62 Prime numbers that
72 82 92
13 23 differ by 2 are known as twin
33 4353 63 3 83 93 prime numbers. For example,
44 14
14 24 34 44 54 3 and 5;5
64 74 84 94 and 7;11 and 13
15 25 and so on.
35 45 55 65 75 85 95
6 16 26 36 46 56 66 76 86 96
17 27
neither prime nor
37 47 57 67 77 87 97 composite number
8 18 28 38 48 58 68 78 88 98 Prime numbers
9 29 39 49 59 69 99
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Composite
To find out whether the given number is a prime number or a
composite number, we
follow the given steps.
Find all the factors of the given number.
.If the number has only two factors, i.e., 1 and the number itself, then it is
number.
a prime
I f the number has more than two factors, then it is a composite number.
Example 8: Find out whether 7, 19, 27 and 35 are prime or composite numbers.
Solution: Write all the factors of the given numbers.

7 1x7 Factors of 7 are 1 and 7.

19 1 x 19 Factors of 19 are 1 and 19.

27 1 x 27 and 3 x9 Factors of 27 are 1, 3, 9 and 27.

35 1x35 and 5x 7 Factors of 35 are 1, 5, 7 and 35.

The numbers 7 and 19 have only two factors.
So, they are prime numbers.
Remember
0 and 1 are neither
The numbers 27 and 35 have more than two prime nor composite
numbers.
Tactors. So, they are composite numbers.

Prime Factors
prime factor is a prime number that divides the given number exactly. When the prime
umbers are multiplied, they give the original number.
Every Composite number can be written as a product of factors that are prime numbers.
73
 factors.
Let's write 24 as a product of its prime
number that can divide 24 exactly. tly. 2
244 52 x
12
Step 1: Start with the
smallest prime
divide 12. 12=2 x6
number that can
smallest prime
Step 2: Now think of the 2
of 12 in the step 1. So,
it becomes 24 =2 x x 6,
Put 2 x 6 in place
6 2 x 3.
by 2, i.e.,
=

be divided
We also know that 6
can

have 24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3.
So on putting 2 x 3 in place of 6, we

2, 2, 2 and 3, which
are all prime number,
So, the prime factors of 24
are

are factor tree

Prime factors can be obtained by two methods. These methods meth
nod
and prime factorization method.
Let's learn how to find the prime factors of a given number using these two methods

Factor Tree Method

In factor tree method, we keep breaking down the given number into factors till we ge
the factors which are all prime numbers. These prime numbers are usually circled. The
shape of a factor tree depends upon how we factorize a number.
Example 9: Find the prime factors of 96 by making a factor tree.
Solution: 96 96 96
(3) x 32
(2) x 48 24

(2) x 24 (2)x 16 (2) x (2) (2) x

12
(2) x 8
2)x12 (2 x 6

(2) x 2)x (3
2x 6
2x3 2x2

So, the prime factors of 96 are 2 x 2 x 2x 2 x 2x 3.

Prime Factorization Method

Factorization means breaking a number into

gives the original number. We can its
factors, which when multiplied togeth
write every multipe facto c t o s

called prime composite number as a proau

that are prime numbers. Ihis Is
Ifone or both the numbers are not factorization.
prime, then break
g e tt h e

prime factors. the numbers further

74
This method is used when it becomes difficult to make factor trees for larger numbers. We
sart with the smallest prime number that can divide the given number exactly. We keep
gn dividing the number til we get a prime number or 1 as the quotient. Then we multiply
I the prime numbers to obtain the given number.

Eample 10: Find the prime factors of the following numbers using the prime factorization
method.

(a) 84 (b) 384

Solution: (a) 84 (b) 384
2 84
(84 2 42) 2 384 (384 2 = 192)
2 42 2 192 (1922 = 96)
(422 21)
3 21 2 96 (96+2 48)
(213 7)
(7 7 1) 2 48 (48+2 24)
1 (Quotient) 2 24 (24 2 12)
( 1 2 2 = 6)

2 6 (62 3)
3 3 (33 1)
1 (Quotient)
So, the prime factors of 84 are So, the prime factors of 384 are
2x 2x3 x7. 2x2x2x2x2x2 x2x3.

E x e r c i s e 7.3

1 Fill in the blanks.

a) and are the prime numbers having a difference of 1.
(b) is the smallest composite number.
(c) 2 is the only .
L prime number.
(d) and are neither prime nor composite numbers.

e The two prime numbers less than 7 and having a difference of 3 are.
and
(t) Each prime number has only 2 factors.
g)Thereare prime numbers between 1 and 100.
n) Two consecutive and
are. prime numbers
i s the method of breaking a number into its factors, which when
multiplied together gives the original number.
75
 and underline the ultiples of
even multiples ot the the
given
2. Circle the odd multiples Co
numbers. 45
39 42
(a) 3 21 27
32 36 40 44
(b) 24 28
40 45 50
(c) 5 25 30 35
42 48 54
24 30 36
(d)6
3. Write all the prime numbers
less than 50.
between 30 and 70.
4. Write all the composite numbers
or composite.
5. Find whether the given numbers are prime
(a) 67 (b) 113 (c) 137

(d) 123 (e) 71 () 125

6. Find the prime factors of the following numbers by factor tree method.

(a) 24 (b) 52 (c) 16

(d)12 (e 45 ( 36

7. Find the prime factors of the following numbers by prime factorization met
(a) 63 (b) 108 (c) 314
Wd)-46 (e 280 121
8.Complete the sequences given below.
(a) 1,3, 5, 7,. (Hint: Odd numbers)
(b) 2,4, 6, 8, (Hint: Even numbers)
(c) 2, 3, 5, 7, (Hint: Prime numbers)
(d) 4, 6, 8, 9 , .
(Hint: Composite numbers)
Tests of Divisibility of Numbers
Divisibility test is a
test or a rule which helps us to know whether one number is
by another number or not.
Forexample, 14 is divisible by 2 because
since 13+2
14 2 7 remainder 0. 13 is not divi
6 with remainder 1.
This test helps find the factors of
us to
large numbers. Top Tip
Let's see and use some divisibility rules
to find if Every number is
is divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5, 9 and 10, without
a number divisible by 1
calculations. doing much

76
 Divisibility
Dlvislbility Rule Example
by
Anumber is divisible by 2, if the digit 128 is divisible by 2 since the
at its ones
digit
2 place is even, i.e., 0, 2, 4, at the
6 and 8.
ones place is even.

A number is divisible by 3, if the

sum 234 is divisible by 3 since the sum
3 of all its digits is divisible by 3.
of all its digits, i.e., 2+3+4
which is divisible by 3.
9, is
A number is divisible by 4, if
the 3,596 is divisible by 4 since the
number formed by its last
two digits number formed by the last two
(i.e., ones and tens) is divisible by 4 digits of the number,
i.e., 96 is
divisible by 4.
A number is divisible by 5,
5 if the digit 1,565 is divisible by 5 since the
at its ones place is either 0 5.
or digit at the ones place is 5.
A number is divisible by 9, if the sum 3,402 is divisible by 9 since
9 of all its digits is divisible by 9. the
sum of all its digits, i.e., 3 + 4 + 0+
2 is 9, which is divisible
by 9.
A number is divisible by 10, if the
10 digit 4,250 is divisible by 10 since the
at its ones place is 0. digit at the ones place is 0.

Example 11: Is 286 divisible by 2?

Solution: In
286, 6 at the ones place is an even number. So 286 is divisible by 2.
Example 12: Is 342 divisible by 3?
Solution: 342
3+4+2=9
Since the sum of all the digits of 342 is 9, it is divisible by 3.
Example 13: Is 140 divisible by 5?
Solution: In 140, the digit at the ones place is 0. So 140 is divisible by 5.

Exercise 7.4
Which of the following numbers are divisible by 2?
(a) 96 (b) 132 (c) 443 (d) 105 (e) 274 (f) 370

77
 2. Which of the following numbers are divisible by 3?
(a) 83 (b) 126 (c) 219 (d) 317 (e) 543 () 906
3. Which of the following numbers divisible by 4?
are

(a) 48 (b) 76 (c) 627 (d) 266 (e) 716 (f) 834
4. Which of the following numbers divisible by 5?
are

(a) 160 (b) 295 (c) 384 (d) 432 (e) 730 (f) 810
5. Which of the following numbers are divisible by 9?
(a) 81 (b) 207 (c) 438 (d) 603 (e) 61 (f) 373
6. Which of the following numbers are divisible by 10?
(a) 80 (b) 100 (c) 209 (d) 708 (e) 560 (f) 75
Highest Common Factor (H.C.F.)
Highest Common Factor (H.C.F.) is the highest
the greatest factor that divides all the
or
given numbers without leaving any remainder. It is also called the Greatest Commoon
Factor (G.C.F.).
H.C.F. of two or more numbers can be obtained by two methods. These
methods are the
listing method and the common division method. Let's learn about them.
Listing Method
In this method, list the factors of the given numbers.
we
Then we find the highest or the
greatest factor among the common factors of the
given numbers.
Example 14: Find the H.C.F. of 12 and 18 by method. listing
Solution: Step 1: List all the factors of 12 and 18. Remember
The numbers with
Factors of 12 = 1, 2,3, 4, 6 and 12 H.C.F. as 1 are called
Factors of 18 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 18 co-prime numbers.
The H.C.F. is
Step 2: Compare and identify the common always
smaller than or equal
factors of 12 and 18 among the list tothe smaller number.
of factors.
Factors of 12 =(1), (2), (3), 4, (6) and 12
Factors of 18 =
(1), (2), (3), (6), 9 and 18
Step 3: Write the common
factors of 12 and 18.
Common factors of 12 and 18 1, 2, 3 and 6
Step 4: Write the highest factor
among the common factors as H.C.F. of 12
and 18. Here, 6 is the
highest common factor
So, the H.C.F. of 12 and 18 is 6.
78
 Division Method or Prime Factorization Method
Common

method, find the H.C.F. of two or more numbers by dividing them together
we
ie
In this factor and then multiplying them to get the H.C.F. of the given
he least
the leas
common
com

by
numbers

of 15 and 30 using common division method.

Exam
15: Find the H.C.F.
numbers 15 and 30 in a row by 15, 30
Solution:
Step 1: Write the given
shown.
separating them using commas as

Divide 15 and 30 by the smallest

factor that
Step 2:
numbers to find their
is c o m m o n to both the
3 15, 30
quotients.
5, 10
divisible by 3. So, 3 is the
Here, both 15 and 30 are
common factor. We get 5
and 10 as the quotients of
15 and 30, respectively.
the smallest
Step 3: Divide the obtained quotients by 3 15, 30
common factor. We know
that 5 and 10 are divisible
5 5 , 10
1 and 2
5 is the c o m m o n factor. We get
by 5, thus, 1, 2
respectively.
as the quotients of 5 and 10,
we
to divide 1 and 2 any more,
Since there are no common factors
will stop here.
the left column
factors, i.e., 3 and 5 that are
on
Step 4: Write the common

the H.C.F. of 15 and 30.

and multiply them to get
3x 5 15.
So, the H.c.F. of 15 and 30
Least Common Multiple (L.C.M.)
numbers.
smallest common multiple of the given
Least Common Multiple (L.C.M.) is the
Facts about L.C.M.
LC.M.
The product of two prime numbers gives their
3.
For example, 2 x 3 =6 where 6 is the LC.M. of 2 and
5.
3 x5 1 5 where 15 the LC.M. of 3 and
is
7.
5x7 35 where 35 is the LC.M. of 5 and
numbers Mental Maths
If the smaller number in the given
IS a factor of the greater number, then the
Find:
8reater number will be the L.C.M. of the two
of 5and 10
=.

(a) the LCM.

numbers. and 18
(b) the LCM. of6
=
,

(c) the LCM.of 10and 40=

For example, let's find the L.C.M. of 8 and 24.

Multiples of 8 are 8, 16, 24, 32, 40,.

79
 Multiples of 24 are 24, 48, 72, 96,...
So, L.C.M. of 8 and 24 is 24.
We can see that 8 is a factor of 24. So we can say that the greater number 24 i5 the

LC.M. of 8 and 24.

numbers can be obtained by two methods. These methods are the
L.C.M. of two or more
listing method and the common division method. Let's know about them.

Listing Method

In this method, we list the multiples of the given numbers and then look for the smallest
number that appears in each list to find the L.C.M. of the given numbers.
Example 16: Find the L.C.M. of 4 and 8 by listing method
Solution: Step 1: List the multiples of each number.
Multiples of 4 =4, 8, 12, 16, 20,
Multiples of 8 8, 16, 24, 32, 40,
= ..

in the list.
Step 2: Find the multiples of 4 and 8 that appear
common
8.
8 and 16 are the two common multiples of 4 and
of 4 and 8. Here 8
Step 3: Write the smallest or the least common multiple
and 8.
is the least common multiple (L.C.M.) of 4
So, L.C.M. of 4 and 8 is 8.

Factorization Method
Common Division Method or Prime
commas in between.
Step 1: Arrange the numbers with
the least (smallest) prime number
Step 2: Divide at least one of the given numbers by
and bringing down the undivided numbers as it is.

numbers are reduced to 1 in the last

row.
Step 3: Repeat step 2 till all the
to get the LC.M. of the given numbers.
Step 4: Multiply all the prime numbers
factorization method.
Example 17: Find the L.C.M. of 11 and 16 by prime
Solution: Step Write the given numbers 11 and 16 in a row by 11, 16
1: separating them using commas as shown.
divides at
Step 2: Choose the smallest prime number that
2 11, 16
least one of the given numbers. Here, only 16 is
divisible by the smallest prime number, i.e., 2. 11, 8

So, bring down the number 11 that is not divisible

by 2 as it is.
2 11, 16
Step 3: Keep dividing the numbers by choosing the smallest
2 11, 8
prime number.
11, 4

80
 Step 4: Repeat the method till all the numbers
are reduced
to 1 in the last row. 2 11, 16
Step 5: Multiply all the prime numbers that are on the 2 11, 8
column to left 2 11, 4
get the L.C.M. of 11 and 16.
2 11, 2
So, the L.C.M. of 11 and 16 2x2 x2x2x11 = 176. 11 11, 1
1, 1

Exercise 7.5

1. Find the H.C.F. of the following numbers by listing method.

(a) 6 and 10 (b) 72 and 81 (c) 15 and 36
(d) 14 and 28 (e) 36 and45 (f) 10 and 14
2. Find the H.C.F. of 24, 60 and 72 using common division method.

3. List the first five common multiples of the given numbers and then find their
L.C.M.
a) 2 and3 (b) 3 and 5 (c) 40 and 60
(d) 15 and 20 (e) 12 and 16 (6) 25 and 30
4. Find the L.C.M. of the given numbers by common division method.
(a) 3 and 9 (b) 8 and 48 (C) 6, 8 and 12

(d) 2,5 and 10 (e) 2,4 and 6 (f) 15, 12 and 18

Review Exercise
1. Fill in the blanks.
number
(a) The multiple of an _ N n is always even.
(b) The smallest factor of any numberis
(c) The greatest prime number less than 50 is
(d) 2 isthe smallest prime number.
(e) The KA multiple of every number is the number itseli
() The first threemttiples of 5 areb, La l2
numbers.
8) The numbers having more than two factors are called oae
81
 correct option.
2. Choose the
number.
is a prime
(a) (ii) 32 (ii) 37 (iv) 49
(i) 20 number.
is a factor of every
(b) (ii) 2 (iv) 3
(i) 0 (ii)
The greatest
factor of 128 is (iv) 128
(c) (ii) 24
(i) 4 (i) 12
The smallest multiple of
94is (iv) 14
(d) (ii) 16
(ii) 94
(i) 2 as a
number when
divided by itself leaves
The multiple of a
(e)
remainder. (iv) 5
(ii) 2
(ii) e
(i) 1

3. Do as instructed. of each pair is alsoba

such that the
sum
numbers
Write two pairs of prime
(a)
prime number.
numbers.
factors of the following
Write any five (iv) 50
(b) (ii) 28
(ii) 96
(i) 42 numbers.
odd multiples
of the following
(c) Write the first five (iv) 21
(ii) 17
(i) 9
(i) 13 most suitable
numbers using the
the prime factors of the following
(d) Write
method. (iv) 147
(i) 124 (ii) 17
(i) 52
or not.
(e) Find whether 248 is a multiple of 4
factor of 2,460 or not.
(f) Find whether 12 is a
numbers
100. Then, circle the prime
between 1 and
8) Write all the numbers
and underline the composite numbers.
mon
4. Find the H.C.F. of the following numbers by both listing method and co

division method.
(a) 24 and 32 (b) 99 and 110
(c) 14, 50 and 98 (d) 48, 72 and 96
mon

5. Find the LC.M. of the

division method.
following numbers by both listing method and commo
(a) 24 and 36
(b) 7 and 17
(c) 12, 15 and 30
(d) 4,5 and 6
82
 Progress Worksheet
Mental Maths
1. Filt in the blanks.
(a) The largest factor of any number is
(b) isthe smallest odd number.
(c) The multiple ofan number is always even.
(d) The greatest prime number less than 45 is
(e) is a factor of every number.

2. Write True or False.

(a) Every composite number can be written as a product of factors
that are prime numbers.
(b) A number is divisible by 3, if the sum of all its digits is divisible
by 3.
(c) If the smaller number in the given numbers is a factor of the
greater number, then the greater number will be the HCF of the
two numbers.
(d) 23 isa composite number.

Solve and Answer

3 Which of the following numbers are divisible by 9?
(a) 81 (b) 207 (c) 438 (d) 603 (e) 373
4. Find the H.C.F. of 36 and 45 by listing method.
5. Find the prime factors of the following numbers using the prime factorizationa
method.
(a) 56 (b) 72 (c) 68 (d) 81 (e) 26
6. List the first five common
multiples of the given numbers and then find thein
L.C.M.
(a) 7 and 4 (b) 9 and 6 (c) 2 and 7 (d) 3 and5
7. Find the prime factors of the following numbers by factor tree method.
(a) 36 (b) 16

OO
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