UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

(formerly Cagayan Colleges Tuguegarao)

Victor V. Perez Campus, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan Valley, Philippines
SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS AND TEACHER EDUCATION
Teaching Science in the Secondary Grade
Academic Year 2024-2025

DETAILED
LESSON PLAN
in
Grade 12 - STEM
(VOLCANIC HAZARD)

Submitted to: Terimar M. Rifa LPT

Submitted by: Reynard S.Aguinaldo
 I. Intended Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
a. Define volcanic hazards and identify their types.
b. Describe the effects of volcanic hazards on people and the environment.
c. Develop a simple preparedness plan for volcanic hazards.

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: volcanic hazard
B. Materials: Blackboard/whiteboard, Periodic Table, Whiteboard
markers/Chalks,
C. References: K to 12 Earth Science Curriculum Guide, PHIVOLCS Website,
Science Textbooks
D. Values Statement: Understanding volcanic hazards fosters disaster
preparedness and resilience in communities.

III. Procedure

Teacher Students
A. Preliminary activities
 Prayer
 Greetings
 Checking of Attendance
 Classroom Management

B. Review

How your day? can recall your last topics last

time? Earthquake hazard sir

Yes correct! and why is it important to be

prepared incomes of earthquake hazard? Being prepared for earthquake hazards is
crucial because it enables individuals and
Yes correct! This answer highlights the communities to minimize damage, reduce
significance of earthquake preparedness, risk of injury or death, and facilitate a faster
emphasizing its role in saving lives, reducing recovery sir
destruction, and promoting resilience

C. Motivation

Let watch this video that show how volcanic

erupted
https://youtu.be/L4?si=5Qls8PC9FuZf1YKC (students watching the video)

Based from based on the video you watched

What are some common warning signs of a
volcanic eruption that were shown in the video
clip? The video clip showed that common
warning signs of a volcanic eruption include
increased seismicity, gas emissions, ground
deformation, and changes in volcanic lake
or crater activity sir
Excellent observation! Your answer accurately
identifies the key precursory signs of a
volcanic eruption, demonstrating a clear
understanding of the geological processes
involved
Do think How volcanic hazard effects Volcanic hazards can significantly impact
people live in volcanic eruption? people's lives, causing displacement, injury,
or death, as well as damaging homes,
infrastructure, and livelihoods, leading to
long-term social, economic, and
psychological disruptions sir

your answer comprehensively captures

the far-reaching consequences of
volcanic hazards on human
populations, demonstrating a nuanced
understanding of the complex social,
economic, and psychological impacts.

D. Presentation Volcanic hazard is like a powerful,

What is volcanic hazard? unpredictable neighbor who can
destroy everything sir

Thank you for your idea

Volcanic hazard
refers to any potentially dangerous
phenomenon related to volcanic activity, such
as lava flows, ashfall, pyroclastic flows, and
toxic gases. These hazards can cause
significant damage to the environment,
infrastructure, and human life.

here are six elements of volcanic hazard.

The first is lahar

Did you hear word lahar already? Yes sir

What is lahar?

It means that the total mass of reactants must

equal the total mass of products. From our
example, let us try to look deeper in it.

Here’s the balanced equation:

NaHCO3+CH3COOH→CO2
+H2O+CH3COONa

Where do you think are the reactants and

products?

Okay, so how was it balanced?

Very good. This reaction is a perfect example

of why chemical equations are important.

E. Analysis

Alright, class! Let us dive deeper on

understanding and solving chemical equations
of chemical reactions. For starters, what do
you think are the parts of chemical equation?

Is there a reason for us to balance chemical

equations?

Thank you everyone, so in order for us to

understand this, we are going to read the step
by step procedure on how to balance chemical
equations. Everybody, please read.
Very good everyone, try looking at this
example.

Unbalanced Equation:
C3H8+O2→CO2+H2O

1. Balance Carbon (C): There are 3 C

atoms in C₃H₈, so place a 3 before
CO₂:
C3H8+O2→3CO2+H2O
2. Balance Hydrogen (H): There are 8 H
atoms in C₃H₈, so place a 4 before
H₂O:
C3H8+O2→3CO2+4H2O
3. Balance Oxygen (O): There are 3 × 2 =
6 O atoms from CO₂ and 4 × 1 = 4 O
atoms from H₂O, for a total of 10
oxygen atoms. Since O₂ provides
oxygen in pairs, place a 5 before O₂:
C3H8+5O2→3CO2+4H2O

Is the equation balanced with the same number

of each type of atom on both sides?

Excellent, now, I will group you into four and

try to balance some unbalanced equations in
order for you to understand more clearly, did
you get me?

Okay, here are the equations:

1. Hydrogen and Oxygen Reaction
(Formation of Water)
H2+O2→H2OH_2 + O_2 → H_2OH2+O2
→H2O
2. Combustion of Methane
CH4+O2→CO2+H2OCH_4 + O_2 → CO_2 +
H_2OCH4+O2→CO2+H2O
3. Reaction of Iron with Oxygen
(Formation of Rust)
Fe+O2→Fe2O3Fe + O_2 → Fe_2O_3Fe+O2
→Fe2O3
Thank you, these are very relevant for us to
know as they help us predict what substances
will form.

F. Abstraction

Let us ensure we understand how matter

interacts, and apply these principles in real-
world applications like chemistry experiments.

Can you give me other examples of chemical

reactions that we often see in our daily
activities? And take note of your examples.

Thank you, all the examples you gave me are

all correct. Now, let us try to organize these. I
will group you into eight. Each group must
have one representative and match themselves
with the respective type of chemical reaction.

So again class, do chemical reactions admit to

chemical change?

But how can we represent a chemical reaction?

Very good, and it follows the law of

conservation of mass which states that?

Yes! You are all correct, and it is very

important to represent the Chemical Equation
so that we can know if masses or densities of
substances in a chemical reaction changes.
What are the parts of a Chemical Equation?

Listen everyone, it is very important for us to

follow and understand the steps of balancing
chemical equations because it poses relevance
to our everyday processes and activities in our
lives. Is that clear?

G. Application
 I will pass out simple hands on activities for
you to answer. All you have to do is to balance
these unbalanced chemical equations. You
have 10 minutes to finish the activity.
Criteria 5 3 1

Content Demonstrates Demonstrates Demonstrates

solution specific and general and general but
strong valid solution poor solution
solution

IV. Evaluation

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the best answer. Write the letter of your
choice.

1. Which part of a chemical equation represents the substances present before the reaction
occurs?
a) Products
b) Reactants
c) Coefficients
d) Subscripts

2. What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?

a) To change the reactants into new elements
b) To satisfy the Law of Conservation of Mass
c) To create more reactants than products
d) To simplify the equation

3. In the equation 2H2+O2→2H2O2H_2 + O_2 → 2H_2O2H2+O2→2H2O, what is the

coefficient of oxygen gas (O2O_2O2)?
a) 1 b) 2
c) 4 d) 0

4. In the equation CH4+2O2→CO2+2H2OCH_4 + 2O_2 → CO_2 + 2H_2OCH4+2O2

→CO2+2H2O, how many oxygen atoms are present on the reactant side?
a) 2 b) 4
c) 6 d) 8
5. What does the arrow ( → ) in a chemical equation signify?
a) The equation is unbalanced
b) The reaction is incomplete
c) The direction of the reaction
d) That the equation is reversible

6. Which of the following represents a balanced chemical equation?

a) H2+O2→H2OH_2 + O_2 → H_2OH2+O2→H2O
b) 2H2+O2→2H2O2H_2 + O_2 → 2H_2O2H2+O2→2H2O
c) H2+O2→2H2OH_2 + O_2 → 2H_2OH2+O2→2H2O
d) 2H2+O2→H2O2H_2 + O_2 → H_2O2H2+O2→H2O

7. What must never be changed when balancing a chemical equation?

a) Coefficients b) Reactants
c) Subscripts d) Products
8. In the unbalanced equation Fe+O2→Fe2O3Fe + O_2 → Fe_2O_3Fe+O2→Fe2O3, what
is the balanced form?
a) Fe+O2→Fe2O3Fe + O_2 → Fe_2O_3Fe+O2→Fe2O3
b) 2Fe+O2→Fe2O32Fe + O_2 → Fe_2O_32Fe+O2→Fe2O3
c) 4Fe+3O2→2Fe2O34Fe + 3O_2 → 2Fe_2O_34Fe+3O2→2Fe2O3
d) 3Fe+2O2→Fe2O33Fe + 2O_2 → Fe_2O_33Fe+2O2→Fe2O3

9. If a reactant has 6 carbon atoms, how many carbon atoms should be in the product?
a) 2 b) 4
c) 6 d) 8

10. The Law of Conservation of Mass states that:

a) Mass is destroyed in chemical reactions
b) Mass is created in chemical reactions
c) The total mass of reactants and products must be equal
d) The number of atoms in products is greater than in reactants

11. In the equation 2Al+3Cl2→2AlCl32Al + 3Cl_2 → 2AlCl_32Al+3Cl2→2AlCl3, what is

the total number of chlorine atoms on the product side?
a) 2 b) 3
c) 6 d) 8

12. Why do we add coefficients when balancing chemical equations?

a) To obey the Law of Conservation of Mass
b) To change the substances in the reaction
c) To reduce the number of atoms in the equation
d) To remove extra elements from the reaction
 13. Which of the following is not a sign of a chemical reaction?
a) Formation of a new substance
b) Change in temperature
c) Change in shape
d) Production of gas bubbles

14. The equation N2+3H2→2NH3N_2 + 3H_2 → 2NH_3N2+3H2→2NH3 is balanced

because:
a) The number of molecules on both sides is the same
b) The total number of atoms for each element is equal on both sides
c) The product is more stable than the reactants
d) There are more reactants than products

15. What is the sum of all coefficients in the balanced equation:

C2H6+O2→CO2+H2OC_2H_6 + O_2 → CO_2 + H_2OC2H6+O2→CO2+H2O?
a) 7 b) 9
c) 10 d) 13

Answer Key: Balancing Chemical Equations

1. b) Reactants
2. b) To satisfy the Law of Conservation of Mass
3. a) 1
4. c) 6
5. c) The direction of the reaction
6. b) 2H2+O2→2H2O2H_2 + O_2 → 2H_2O2H2+O2→2H2O
7. c) Subscripts
8. c) 4Fe+3O2→2Fe2O34Fe + 3O_2 → 2Fe_2O_34Fe+3O2→2Fe2O3
9. c) 6
10. c) The total mass of reactants and products must be equal
11. c) 6
12. a) To obey the Law of Conservation of Mass
13. c) Change in shape
14. b) The total number of atoms for each element is equal on both sides
15. d) 13

V. Agreement

Follow up: Write a short reflection on how the activity helped you understand
chemical equations better. (1 to 2 sentences)

Advance: Read about the Gas Laws: Boyle’s Law