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Class 9 - 07092020

The document discusses the estimation of bandwidth for FM waves, highlighting that FM is a non-linear modulation technique with theoretically infinite bandwidth, though most power is concentrated in a finite range. It differentiates between narrowband FM (NBFM) and wideband FM (WBFM), with NBFM having a bandwidth of 2B. Carson's rule is introduced as a method for estimating the bandwidth of FM signals based on the deviation ratio.

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13 views9 pages

Class 9 - 07092020

The document discusses the estimation of bandwidth for FM waves, highlighting that FM is a non-linear modulation technique with theoretically infinite bandwidth, though most power is concentrated in a finite range. It differentiates between narrowband FM (NBFM) and wideband FM (WBFM), with NBFM having a bandwidth of 2B. Carson's rule is introduced as a method for estimating the bandwidth of FM signals based on the deviation ratio.

Uploaded by

cladboy023
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bandwidth of FM waves

• How do we estimate the bandwidth of a FM wave ?

• Angle Modulation a non-linear modulation. (unlike Amplitude


modulation)

𝜙 𝑡 = 𝐴 cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡 + 𝜃 𝑡 )

I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 1


Bandwidth of FM waves
𝜙 𝑡 = 𝐴 cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡 + 𝜃 𝑡 )

where

Then,

I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 2


The modulated wave consists of an unmodulated carrier, plus various amplitude
modulated terms.

Not bandlimited…. Infinite bandwidth (theoretically)

However, most of the power resides in a finite bandwidth.

I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 3


Narrowband FM (NBFM)

• This approximation is a linear modulation, similar to AM.

• Bandwidth is 2B.

I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 4


Wideband FM (WBFM)

I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 5


Spectral analysis of Tone modulation

Let

I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 6


I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 7
Exercise 1

An FM signal with modulation index 𝛽 = 1 is transmitted through an ideal


band-pass filter with midband frequency 𝑓𝑐 and bandwidth 5𝑓𝑚 , where 𝑓𝑐 is
the carrier frequency and 𝑓𝑚 is the frequency of the modulating wave.
Sketch and label the magnitude spectrum of the filter output.

𝐽0 1 = 0.765, 𝐽1 1 = 0.44, 𝐽2 1 = 0.115

∅𝐹𝑀 𝑡 = 0.765 cos 2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡 + 0.44 [cos 2𝜋(𝑓𝑐 +𝑓𝑚 )𝑡 − cos 2𝜋(𝑓𝑐 −𝑓𝑚 )𝑡] +
0.115 [cos 2𝜋(𝑓𝑐 +2𝑓𝑚 )𝑡 + cos 2𝜋(𝑓𝑐 −2𝑓𝑚 )𝑡]

0.058

I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 8


Carson’s rule
Estimation of Bandwidth of FM signal:

∆𝑓 is in Hz.

∆𝑓
where 𝛽 = is the ‘Deviation ratio’.
𝐵

I Sem 2020-21 ECE/EEE F311 Communication Systems 9

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