In this assignment we have solved the

numerical of chapter 3 and 15

HW2
Transportation Engineering

PREPARED BY: ABDULWAHAB ALMESFER

 Homework 2

Due Wednesday September 14, 2020 Date Assigned: August 26, 2020

All problems are taken from end of Ch.3 & 15 in your textbook:

Problem 1: Do problem 3-8 (6 pts)

Let the 7 percent be downgrade.

Problem 2: Do problem 3-10 (4 pts)

Consider the acceleration equation of the leading vehicle as follows:

Consider the values of and as follows:

Convert the units of velocity from (mi/h) to (ft/s) as follows:

Consider the values of and as follows:

Convert the units of velocity from (mi/h) to (ft/s) as follows:

Substitute 3.3 for , 0.065 for , for , and 44.1ft/s for .

Determine the distance between the leading vehicle and the following vehicle:

Substitute for distance travelled by the leading vehicle

and for distance travelled by the following vehicle.

Calculate the total gap between the two vehicles by using the following relation:
Substitute 100.62 ft for difference in distance, and 65ft for the initial gap.

Problem 3: Do Problem 3-16 (6 pts)

Calculate the super elevation using the following relation:

Here,e is the super elevation, u is the design speed, is the radius of the curve, and
is the coefficient of side friction.
Simplify the equation for the super elevation.

e = 0.41-0.14 = 0.27
It is not a good design because the value obtained is higher. For the highways located
in rural areas with no snow or ice the value generally used is 1 and the areas with snow
and ice the value used is in between0.08 to 0.1

Problem 4: Do Problem 3-17 (4 pts)

Consider the design of the vehicle as 70 mi/h.

Refer to the Table 3.3 giving “Coefficient of Side Friction for Different Design Speeds”
from the textbook.
For the design speed of 70 mi/h, the coefficient of side friction is 0.10. Calculate the
maximum permissible speed of the highway u using the expression;
Here, R is the radius of the curve and e is the rate of super elevation. Substitute 750 ft for
R, 0.08 for e and 0.10 for .

R = u2/15(e+ f,)
U = 45mi/h

Here, the maximum permissible speed of the highway is greater than the posted speed
limit of 65 mi/h.
Thus, the curve comes under the hazardous location.

To avoid accidents, the speed limit has to be decreased to 45 mi/h and post with warning
sign showing the speed limit of 45 miles per hour should be placed.

The most common method to increase the safety is increasing the radius of the curve.
Calculate the radius of the curve R using the expression;
R = u2/15(e+ f,)

Thus, the radius of the curve should be increased to 1,564.82 feet

Problem 5: Do Problem 3 -18 (15 pts)

Calculate the coefficient of side friction for existing curve using interpolation method.
Consider the value of coefficient of side friction from Table 3.3, “coefficient of side
frictions for
different design speeds”, from the textbook.
Interpolation can be done between 50 mi/h and 60 mi/h.
Design speed fs
50 0.14
55 y
60 0.12

(x-x1)/(x2-x10) = (y-y1)/Y2-Y1
( 55-50) ( y-0. 14 )
60 - 50 = 0.12 - 0.14
y -0.14 = 0.50x(-0.02)
y=0.13

Here, is the radius of existing curve, u is the speed limit of the road, e is the rate of super
elevation, and is the coefficient of side friction
Substitute 55 mi/h for u, 0.08 for e, and 0.13 for
R = 960.32 ft

Calculate the coefficient of side friction for redesigned curve using interpolation method.
Consider the value of coefficient of side friction from Table 3.3, “coefficient of side
frictions for
different design speeds”, from the textbook.
Interpolation can be done between 60 mi/h and 70 mi/h.
fs fs
60 0.12
65 y
70 0.10

(65-60) ( y-0.12 )
70 - 60 = 0.10 - 0.12
y-0. 12 = 0.50x(-0.02)
y=0.11

Calculate the radius of the existing curve by using the equation.

Here, is the radius of redesigned curve. Substitute 65 mi/h for u, 0.08 for e, and 0.11 for
fs

R2 = 1482.46 FT

Problem 6: Do problem 3-19 (15 pts)

Calculate the design speed by using the relation as follows:

v2
(e+ f) =15R

Substitute 0.08 fore, 0.12 for f, and 810 ft for R. v2

(0.08 + 0.12) = U2/
15 x 810
V= ✓0 .2 x 1 5 x 8 10
V= 49.29mph
The maximum permissible speed of the highway is 49.29 mph, which is less than the
posted design speed. So, the curve comes under hazardous location.
To avoid accidents and to increase the safety, the speed limit should be decreased to 49
mph with a warning sign for that location or the other method is to increase the radius of
the curve.
Calculate the radius of the curve required using the relation as
follows:
v2
(e +f) =-15R
602
R=U2
(0.08 + 0. 12) x 15
R= 1200 ft
Therefore, to avoid accidents, the radius of the curve should be increased to 1200 ft or the
design speed should be decreased to
49 mph .

Problem 7: Do problem 3-22 (15 pts)

Calculate the stopping sight distance by using the following formula:

Here, the design speed is , the reaction time is t, the deceleration rate is a, acceleration
due to
gravity is g, and the gradient of the road is G.

Substitute for u, 1.5sec for t, 0.35 for A/G , and 0 for G.

SSD = 409ft

Problem 8: Do problem 3-23 (15pts)

Problem 9: Do problem 3-25 (20 pts)

 Here, e is the rate of super elevation and is the coefficient of side friction: Refer table
3.3, “Coefficient of side friction factors for design”, from the text book.

For the design speed of 60 mi/h, the value of coefficient of side friction is .
Substitute for , 0.08 for e, and 0.14 for .

Problem 10: Do problem 15-12 (20 pts)

Here, is deflection angle of first tangent and is deflection angle of second

tangent.
Substitute and

R= 469.34ft

Substitute 469.304 ft for R and for :

Here, PI is point of intersection.

Substitute for station of PI and 205.45 ft for tangent length:

Substitute 469.304 ft for R and for :

Substitute for station of PC and 387.31 ft for L:

Here, is length of first arc.

Here, the length of first arc is

. Substitute
469.304 ft for R and 62.24 ft for :

Substitute 469.304 ft for R and 7.60 degree for :

Problem 11: Do problem 15-22 (15 pts)

Maximum relative
Speed (mph) gradient (%)

15 0.78
80 0.35
50 0.55

Here, is minimum length of super elevation runoff, is maximum relative

gradient, w is width of one traffic lane, is number of lanes rotated, is design
super elevation rate, and is adjustment factor for number of lanes rotated.
 Consider the width of one traffic lane as 12 ft.

Substitute 12 ft for w, 2 for , 6 % for

and 0.55% for .

L = 196.364 + 65.455
= 261.819 ft

Problem 12: Do problem 15-23 (15 pts)

Substitute 248 ft for S, 2.5 sec for t, for a, and 0 for G.

U = 35mil/h

Substitute 400 ft for R, 0.10 for e, and 0.15 for fs

u = 38.73mph

Hence, the posted design speed based on curve radii is 35mi/h