550 CHAPTER 6 PERIODIC FUNCTIONS

6.3 SECTION EXERCISES

VERBAL
1. Why do the functions f (x) = sin−1 x and 2. Since the functions y = cos x and y = cos−1 x are
g(x) = cos x have different ranges?
−1 π
inverse functions, why is cos−1( cos ( − ___ ) ) not equal
π 6
to − __ ?
6
π
3. Explain the meaning of __ = arcsin(0.5). 4. Most calculators do not have a key to evaluate
6
sec−1(2). Explain how this can be done using the
cosine function or the inverse cosine function.
5. Why must the domain of the sine function, sin x, 6. Discuss why this statement is incorrect:
π π arccos (cos x) = x for all x.
be restricted to [ − ___ , __ ] for the inverse sine
2 2
function to exist?
7. Determine whether the following statement
is true or false and explain your answer:
arccos(−x) = π − arccos x.

ALGEBRAIC
For the following exercises, evaluate the expressions.
—
√2
8. sin−1 ____( 2 ) (
9. sin−1 −__
1
2 ) 1
10. cos−1 __(2)
—
√2
( )
—
11. cos−1 − ____ 12. tan−1 (1) 13. tan−1( −√ 3 )
2
−1
( )
−1 —
14. tan (−1) 15. tan−1( √ 3 ) 16. tan−1 _—
√3
For the following exercises, use a calculator to evaluate each expression. Express answers to the nearest hundredth.
17. cos−1 (−0.4) 18. arcsin(0.23) 3
19. arccos _
5 ( )
20. cos−1 (0.8) 21. tan−1 (6)

For the following exercises, find the angle θ in the given right triangle. Round answers to the nearest hundredth.
22. 23.

10 7 12

θ θ
19

For the following exercises, find the exact value, if possible, without a calculator. If it is not possible, explain why.
24. sin−1(cos(π)) 25. tan−1(sin(π)) π
26. cos−1 ( sin( _ ) )
3
π −π
27. tan−1 ( sin( _ ) )
3
28. sin−1 ( cos( _ ) )
2
29. tan−1 sin _
4π
3 ( ( ))
−5π
( ( 6 )) ( ( )) ( ( 5 ))
5π 4
30. sin−1 sin _ 31. tan−1 sin _ 32. cos sin−1 _
2

( 3
33. sin cos−1 _ ( 5 )) ( 4
34. sin tan−1 _ ( 3 )) ( 12
35. cos tan−1 __ ( 5 ))
( 1
36. cos sin−1 _ ( 2 ))
 SECTION 6.3 SECTION EXERCISES 551

For the following exercises, find the exact value of the expression in terms of x with the help of a reference triangle.
39. cos ( sin−1( _ ) )
37. tan(sin−1 (x − 1)) 38. sin(cos−1 (1 − x)) 1
x
40. cos(tan (3x − 1)) 1
( ( ))
−1
41. tan sin−1 x + __
2
EXTENSIONS
For the following exercise, evaluate the expression without using a calculator. Give the exact value.
— —

(2 )
1 √2
(
42. sin−1 __ − cos−1 ___
2 ) (
+ sin−1
√3
_
2 ) − cos −1
(1)
— —

cos−1 ( √23 ) − sin ( √22 ) + cos ( 12 ) − sin

_ −1 ___ −1 __ −1
(0)

x
____
For the following exercises, find the function if sin t = .
x+1
43. cos t 44. sec t 45. cot t

x x
( ( x + 1 ))
46. cos sin−1 ____ 47. tan−1 _—
(
√ 2x + 1 )
GRAPHICAL
48. Graph y = sin−1 x and state the domain and range of 49. Graph y = arccos x and state the domain and range
the function. of the function.
50. Graph one cycle of y = tan−1 x and state the domain 51. For what value of x does sin x = sin−1 x? Use a
and range of the function. graphing calculator to approximate the answer.
52. For what value of x does cos x = cos−1 x? Use a
graphing calculator to approximate the answer.

REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS
53. Suppose a 13-foot ladder is leaning against a 54. Suppose you drive 0.6 miles on a road so that the
building, reaching to the bottom of a second-floor vertical distance changes from 0 to 150 feet. What is
window 12 feet above the ground. What angle, in the angle of elevation of the road?
radians, does the ladder make with the building?
55. An isosceles triangle has two congruent sides of 56. Without using a calculator, approximate the value
length 9 inches. The remaining side has a length of 8 of arctan(10,000). Explain why your answer is
inches. Find the angle that a side of 9 inches makes reasonable.
with the 8-inch side.
3
57. A truss for the roof of a house is constructed from 58. The line y = __ x passes through the origin in the x,y-
5
two identical right triangles. Each has a base of plane. What is the measure of the angle that the line
12 feet and height of 4 feet. Find the measure of the makes with the positive x-axis?
acute angle adjacent to the 4-foot side.
3
59. The line y = − _ x passes through the origin in the 60. What percentage grade should a road have if the angle
7
x,y-plane. What is the measure of the angle that the of elevation of the road is 4 degrees? (The percentage
line makes with the negative x-axis? grade is defined as the change in the altitude of the
road over a 100-foot horizontal distance. For example
a 5% grade means that the road rises 5 feet for every
100 feet of horizontal distance.)

61. A 20-foot ladder leans up against the side of a 62. Suppose a 15-foot ladder leans against the side of a
building so that the foot of the ladder is 10 feet from house so that the angle of elevation of the ladder is
the base of the building. If specifications call for the 42 degrees. How far is the foot of the ladder from the
ladder’s angle of elevation to be between 35 and 45 side of the house?
degrees, does the placement of this ladder satisfy
safety specifications?