PRACTICAL RESEARCH means actual

doing or using of something rather than

theories and ideas. It involves inquiry
methods and immersion activities in
order to achieve the correct
information.
 CLASS SCHEDULE
11 GAS A = 7:30-8:30
11 HUMSS= 1:30-2:30
 GRADING SYSTEM
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
The grading criteria for students will be as follows:

25% 45% 30%

Written Performance Quarterly

Works Tasks Exam
Nature of Inquiry and Research
 5 Reasons kung bakit mas maganda ang research
kesa sa lovelife mo

Ang research ay may clear

Ang research ay dinidefend. and specific objectives.

Ang research ay may ethical

considerations.

And lastly, ang research

Ang research ay may
ay may proposal.
significant levels.
•
•
•
THE NEXT QUESTION WE NEED TO ASK IS, WHAT ARE WE
SEARCHING?
The simple answer is that we are
searching for KNOWLEDGE
WHY ARE WE SEARCHING FOR KNOWLEDGE?
We are searching for knowledge to fill a
gap between what is and what ought to
be.
Let’s think about this statement:

Every aspect of human behavior has a problem.

This is replicated in the society. In society, there
were problems, there are problems and there
will be problems.
▪A problem does not mean when things are
going bad; but a problem is any situation that
makes the researcher ask him/herself, “WHY”.
Therefore even when things are going on well,
the researcher asks why?
▪A ‘why’ means there is a gap that calls for
investigation or research.
▪That is why we have stated that a gap is a
discrepancy between the ways things are (or
the way we know them as normal) and how they
ought to be.
▪Therefore, a gap is the research problem.
▪Therefore we have to find answers to these
problems.
HOW?
▪We find answers by collecting data, analyzing
data,, writing a report and disseminating the
findings to your audience. This constitutes the
answer(s) to the problem.
▪That is what research is all about.
 Collection and Detailed Interpretation
analysis of data
Interpretation of
Systematic EXISTING
Investigation FACTS, LAWS &
THEORIES

Arrive at a
RESEARCH Discovery of
CONCLUSION NEW FACTS,
LAWS &
Revision of THEORIES
Accepted theories
or laws in the line
of NEW FACTS
SOLE PURPOSE OF RESEARCH:
Explore, Describe, & Explain Phenomenon
▪Explore addresses the “what” question
▪Describe addresses the “who, what, when, and
where” questions
▪Explain focuses on the “why” question
• Do you feel annoyed if there is a power interruption?
• Can you imagine a world without electricity?
• Do you feel unease if the internet connection is not
stable?
• Can you imagine if there is no
internet or if there is no cellphone?
1 Research aims for truth (Rolfe 2002).

2 Research improves quality of human life (Bornmann 2013).

3 Research saves life(Cancer Research UK 2019).

4 Research gathers necessary information (Igwenagu 2016).

5 Research explores humanity (Lee, Tran, and Lee 2007).

 RESEARCH AIMS FOR TRUTH
(Rolfe 2002)

We crave truth for no one has the desire to live in

lies (Rasmussen 2013). Research is about
establishing truth based on evidence or data. We
conduct a study to seek for truth.
 RESEARCH IMPROVES QUALITY
OF HUMAN LIFE (Bornmann 2013)
All of the technological
advancements are brought by
different researches (Gupta 2018).
Without the people who dedicated
their lives for the sake of humanity,
we will not have this kind of life.
Through research, it improves our
standard of living.
 RESEARCH SAVES LIFE
(Cancer Research UK 2019)
Through the course of human history, research has
proven its worth and roles in our lives. In the past, when
penicillin was not yet discovered, people just die
without proper medication. It was by the research of
Fleming that the first generation of antibiotics were
discovered (Pandey et al. 2014). Moreover, Dr. Fe Del
Mundo improved the incubator and jaundice relieving
device.
 RESEARCH GATHERS NECESSARY INFORMATION
(Igwenagu 2016)
Conducting research implies gathering necessary data to explain
your problem and to answer your particular questions for
example, you want to understand students’ perceptions about
modular learning, then, you conduct survey to the projected
respondents or direct interviews with the projected participants.
Thus, the content of the survey questionnaire and the guided
interview must ali gned to the your problem and to the questions
that you like to answer. In this manner, you are gathering
important data needed for your research.
 RESEARCH EXPLORES HUMANITY
(Lee, Tran, and Lee 2007)
Research likewise deals with the investigation of culture to
understand and to appreciate others' practices, and
beliefs (Zion and Kozleski 2005). The way to understand
others is the result of a long study of different individuals
to provide us explanations about group or individual
culture. Because of this, we can now related, understand,
and respect others.
 TYPES OF RESEARCH:
1. BASED ON APPLICATION OF RESEARCH
METHOD
Is the research applied to theoretical or practical
issues? If it deals with concepts, principles, or
abstract things, it is a PURE RESEARCH. This type
of research aims to increase your knowledge
about something. However, if your intention is to
apply your chosen research to societal problems or
issues, finding ways to make positive changes in
society, you call your research, APPLIED
RESEARCH.
2. BASED ON PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH
Depending on your objective or goal in conducting
research, you do any of these types of research:
descriptive, correlational, explanatory, exploratory, or
action.
◦ DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH - This type of research
aims at defining or giving a verbal portrayal or
picture of a person, thing, event, group,
situation, etc. This is liable to repeated research
because its topic relates itself only to a certain period or
a limited number of years. Based on the results of your
descriptive studies about a subject, you develop the
inclination of conducting further studies on such
topic.
◦ CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH - A correlational
research shows relationships or
connectedness of two factors, circumstances, or
agents called variables that affect the research. It is
only concerned in indicating the existence of a
relationship, not the causes and ways of the
development of such relationship.
◦ EXPLANATORY RESEARCH - This type of
research elaborates or explains not just the
reasons behind the relationship of two
factors, but also the ways by which such
relationship exists.
◦ EXPLORATORY RESEARCH - An exploratory
research's purpose is to find out how
reasonable or possible it is to conduct a
research study on a certain topic. Here, you
will discover ideas on topics that could
trigger your interest in conducting research
studies.
◦ ACTION RESEARCH - This type of research
studies an ongoing practice of a school,
organization, community, or institution for
the purpose of obtaining results that will
bring improvements in the system.
3. BASED ON TYPES OF DATA NEEDED
The kind of data you want to work on reflects
whether you wish to do a quantitative or a
qualitative research.
◦ QUALITATIVE RESEARCH requires non-
numerical data, which means that the research
uses words rather than numbers to express
the results, the inquiry or investigation about
people's thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views, and
lifestyles regarding the object of the study. These
opinionated answers from people are not
measurable; so, verbal language is the right way
to express your findings in a qualitative research.
◦ Meanwhile, QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
involves measurement of data. Thus, it
presents research findings referring to the
number or frequency of something in
numerical forms (i.e., using percentages,
fractions, numbers).
 The data you deal with in research are either
primary or secondary data. PRIMARY DATA
are obtained through direct observation or
contact with people, objects, artifacts,
paintings, etc. Primary data are new and
original information resulting from your
sensory experience. However, if such đata
have already been written about or
reported on and are available for reading
purposes, they exist as SECONDARY DATA.
The primary differences
between qualitative and
quantitative research lie in
their objectives, methods, and
the type of data they collect.
Here's a breakdown:
NATURE OF DATA
• Qualitative Research: Deals with non-numerical data,
such as words, images, or observations. It seeks to
understand concepts, experiences, or phenomena in
depth.
• Examples: Interviews, focus groups, ethnographies, and case
studies.
• Quantitative Research: Focuses on numerical data that
can be measured and analyzed statistically. It aims to
quantify variables and identify patterns or
relationships.
• Examples: Surveys, experiments, and statistical analysis.
OBJECTIVES
•Qualitative Research: Explores the "why" and "how"
behind phenomena. It is interpretive and seeks to
provide insights and a deeper understanding.
Example: Understanding why people prefer certain
brands.
•Quantitative Research: Tests hypotheses, measures
the "what," and provides generalizable results. It is
objective and focuses on numerical analysis.
Example: Determining the percentage of people
who prefer a specific brand.
RESEARCH APPROACH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH:
•Open-ended and flexible.
•Involves methods like thematic analysis, content analysis, and
discourse analysis.
•Often used in exploratory research.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH:
•Structured and systematic.
•Involves statistical tools like regression, correlation, and
hypothesis testing.
•Often used in confirmatory research.
SAMPLE SIZE
•Qualitative Research: Uses smaller, non-random
samples to gain in-depth insights.
Example: Interviewing 10 participants for a case study.

•Quantitative Research: Requires larger, statistically

significant samples to ensure reliability.
Example: Surveying 1,000 participants to measure public
opinion.
APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
After choosing your topic for research, what
is your next move? In other words, how are
you going to approach or begin your research,
deal with your data, and establish a connection
among all things or activities involved in your
research? There are three approaches that you
can choose from.
1. Scientific or Positive Approach
2. Naturalistic Approach
3. Triangulation Approach
◦ The first is the SCIENTIFIC OR POSITIVE
APPROACH, in which you discover and
measure information as well as observe
and control variables in an impersonal
manner.
It allows control of variables. Therefore,
the data gathering techniques appropriate for
this approach are structured interviews,
questionnaires, and observational
checklists. Data given by these techniques are
expressed through numbers, which means that
this method is suitable for quantitative research.
◦ The second approach is the NATURALISTIC
APPROACH. In contrast to the scientific approach
that uses numbers to express data, the naturalistic
approach uses words. This research approach
directs you to deal with qualitative data that
speak of how people behave toward their
surroundings. These are non-numerical data
that express truths about the way people
perceive or understand the world. Since
people look at their world in a subjective or
personal basis in an uncontrolled or unstructured
manner, a naturalistic approach happens in a
natural setting.
◦ Is it possible to plan your research activities based
on these two approaches? Combining these two
approaches in designing your research leads you
to the third one, called TRIANGULATION
APPROACH. In this case, you are free to
gather and analyze data using multiple
methods, allowing you to combine or mix up
research approaches, research types, data
gathering, and data analysis techniques.
Triangulation approach gives you the
opportunity to view every angle of the
research from different perspectives. (Badke
2012; Silverman 2013)
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH:

1. ACCURACY. It must give correct or

accurate data, which the footnotes,
notes, and bibliographical entries
should honestly and appropriately
documented or acknowledged.
2. OBJECTIVENESS. It must deal with
facts, not with mere opinions arising
from assumptions, generalizations,
predictions, or conclusions.
3. TIMELINESS. It must work on a topic
that is fresh, new, and interesting to
the present society.
4. RELEVANCE. Its topic must be
instrumental in improving society or
in solving problems affecting the lives
of people in a community.
5. CLARITY. It must succeed in expressing
its central point or discoveries by using
simple, direct, concise, and correct
language.

6. SYSTEMATIC. It must take place in an

organized or orderly manner.