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Tajdus

The document discusses guidelines for managing operations in high-traffic areas, emphasizing the importance of effective planning and execution. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of operators and provides examples of existing practices in various regions. The document aims to enhance operational efficiency and safety in these environments.

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Luong Minh Chinh
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© © All Rights Reserved
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
21 views9 pages

Tajdus

The document discusses guidelines for managing operations in high-traffic areas, emphasizing the importance of effective planning and execution. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of operators and provides examples of existing practices in various regions. The document aims to enhance operational efficiency and safety in these environments.

Uploaded by

Luong Minh Chinh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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