Practical 7 Practical 7

Lab Manual: Calculating MAD Using LibreOffice Calc Lab Manual: Calculating MAD Using LibreOffice Calc
Objective: Objective:
Learn to calculate the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) of a dataset using LibreOffice Calc. Learn to calculate the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) of a dataset using LibreOffice Calc.

Materials Required: Materials Required:

• LibreOffice Calc (or similar spreadsheet software) • LibreOffice Calc (or similar spreadsheet software)
• A dataset (list of numbers) • A dataset (list of numbers)

Given the dataset: Formula for MAD:

Data={70,60,50,60,90}
Data Deviation from Mean
70 4 1. Mean: Mean
60 6
2. Absolute Deviation:
50 16
60 6
90 24 3.
MAD 11.2
Procedure:
1. Enter the Data:
Enter your dataset into LibreOffice Calc (e.g., A2:A6).
2. Calculate the Mean:
In B2, use the formula:
=AVERAGE(A2:A6)
3. Calculate Absolute Deviations:
In B3, use the formula:
=ABS(A2 - $B$2)
Drag the formula down to B6.
4. Calculate MAD:
In B7, use the formula:
=AVERAGE(B3:B7)

Conclusion:
You have learned how to calculate the MAD using LibreOffice Calc. This method provides an easy way to
measure the spread of data.

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 Practical 8 Practical 8
Calculating Standard Deviation (SD) Using LibreOffice Calc Calculating Standard Deviation (SD) Using LibreOffice Calc
Objective: Objective:
Learn how to calculate the Standard Deviation (SD) of a dataset using LibreOffice Calc. Learn how to calculate the Standard Deviation (SD) of a dataset using LibreOffice Calc.

Materials Required: Materials Required:

• LibreOffice Calc (or similar spreadsheet software) • LibreOffice Calc (or similar spreadsheet software)
• A dataset (list of numbers) • A dataset (list of numbers)

Given the dataset: Formula for Standard Deviation (SD):

Data={70,60,50,60,90}\text{Data} = \{70, 60, 50, 60, 90\}Data={70,60,50,60,90} 1. Formula for SD:
Data
70
60
50 sigma = population standard deviation
60 N = the size of the population
90 xi = each value from the population
1. Enter the data into A2:A6. mu = the population mean
2. In B2, type the formula:
=STDEV(A2:A6) In LibreOffice Calc, you can use the built-in function to calculate SD.
3. Result: The SD will be calculated.
Procedure:
1. Enter the Data:
o Open LibreOffice Calc.
o Enter your dataset in a column (e.g., A2:A6).
2. Calculate the Standard Deviation:
o Click on a blank cell (e.g., B2).
o Use the formula:
=STDEV.P(A2:A6)
o Press Enter. LibreOffice Calc will calculate the standard deviation for the dataset in cells A2 to
A6.
Note: You can use STDEV() if you want the population standard deviation, but STDEV() is typically used
for sample standard deviation.

Conclusion:
You have learned how to calculate the Standard Deviation (SD) of a dataset using LibreOffice Calc. This
method provides an easy way to measure the spread or variability of data points around the mean.

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 Practical 9 Practical 9
Calculating Z-Score Using LibreOffice Calc Calculating Z-Score Using LibreOffice Calc
Objective: Objective:
Learn how to calculate the Z-Score of a dataset using LibreOffice Calc. Learn how to calculate the Z-Score of a dataset using LibreOffice Calc.

Formula for Z-Score:

Given the dataset: The Z-Score is a measure of how many standard deviations a data point is from the mean of the dataset. It is
Data={70,60,50,60,90} calculated as:
1. Step 1: Enter the data into A2:A6. Z=X−μσZ = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}
2. Step 2: Calculate the Mean in B2: Where:
3. =AVERAGE(A2:A6) • XX is the data point
This will give a mean of 66. • μ\mu is the mean of the dataset
4. Step 3: Calculate the Standard Deviation in B3: • σ\sigma is the standard deviation of the dataset
5. =STDEV(A2:A6)
This will give a standard deviation of 14.14. Procedure:
6. Step 4: Calculate the Z-Score for Each Data Point: 1. Enter the Data:
o In B4 (next to the first data point, 70), use the formula:
o Open LibreOffice Calc.
o =(A2 - $B$2) / $B$3
o Enter your dataset in a column (e.g., A2:A6).
o The Z-Score for the first data point (70) will be approximately 0.28.
2. Calculate the Mean (if not already calculated):
o Drag the formula down to calculate the Z-Scores for the other data points.
o In an empty cell (e.g., B2), use the formula:
o =AVERAGE(A2:A6)
Final Z-Scores: oThis will give you the mean (μ\mu) of the dataset.
Data Z-Score 3. Calculate the Standard Deviation (SD):
70 0.28 o In another empty cell (e.g., B3), use the formula:
60 -0.42 o =STDEV(A2:A6)
50 -1.13 oThis will give you the standard deviation (σ\sigma) of the dataset.
60 -0.42 4. Calculate the Z-Score for Each Data Point:
90 1.69 o In the first cell next to your data (e.g., B4), use the Z-score formula:
o =(A2 - $B$2) / $B$3
This calculates the Z-score for the first data point.
o Drag the formula down to apply it to the rest of the data points.

Conclusion:
You have successfully calculated the Z-Score for a dataset using LibreOffice Calc. This method allows you to
measure how far each data point is from the mean in terms of standard deviations.

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 Practical 10 Practical 10
Finding Outliers Using Standard Deviation (SD) in LibreOffice Calc Finding Outliers Using Standard Deviation (SD) in LibreOffice Calc
To find outliers using Standard Deviation (SD), we use the concept that a value is considered an outlier if it is To find outliers using Standard Deviation (SD), we use the concept that a value is considered an outlier if it is
more than 2 standard deviations away from the mean (either above or below). Specifically, we can use the more than 2 standard deviations away from the mean (either above or below). Specifically, we can use the
formula: formula:
Outlier if (x<Mean−2×SD) or (x>Mean+2×SD) Outlier if (x<Mean−2×SD) or (x>Mean+2×SD)
Where: Where:
• xx is a data point. • xx is a data point.
• Mean is the average of the data. • Mean is the average of the data.
• SD is the standard deviation. • SD is the standard deviation.
Given the dataset:
Data={70,60,50,60,90} Steps to Identify Outliers Using Standard Deviation:
Step 1: Enter the data into A2:A6. 1. Enter the Data:
Step 2: In D2, calculate the Mean: • Open LibreOffice Calc.
=AVERAGE(A2:A6)
• Enter the dataset in Column A (e.g., A2:A6).
The mean is 66. Example data:
Step 3: In D3, calculate the Standard Deviation (SD):
=STDEV(A2:A6) Data (A)
The SD is 14.14. 70
Step 4: Calculate the Lower Bound in D4: 60
=D2 - 2*D3 50
Lower Bound = 37.72. 60
Step 5: Calculate the Upper Bound in D5: 90
=D2 + 2*D3 2. Calculate the Mean:
Upper Bound = 94.28. • In D2, use the formula to calculate the mean of the data:
Step 6: In B2, use the formula to identify outliers: • =AVERAGE(A2:A6)
=IF(OR(A2 < $D$4, A2 > $D$5), "Outlier", "Normal")
• The mean will be displayed in D2.
Drag the formula down through B6. 3. Calculate the Standard Deviation (SD):
• In D3, use the formula to calculate the standard deviation:
Final Result in LibreOffice Calc: • =STDEV(A2:A6)
Data (A) Outlier (B) Mean (D2) SD (D3) Lower Bound (D4) Upper Bound (D5) • The standard deviation will be displayed in D3.
70 Normal 66 14.14 37.72 94.28 4. Calculate the Upper and Lower Bound for Outliers:
60 Normal • In D4, calculate the Lower Bound for outliers:
50 Normal • =D2 - 2*D3
60 Normal • In D5, calculate the Upper Bound for outliers:
90 Normal • =D2 + 2*D3
Explanation: 5. Identify Outliers:
• Lower Bound (D4) = Mean - 2 × SD = 66 - 2 × 14.14 = 37.72. • In B2, use the formula to check if a data point is an outlier:
• =IF(OR(A2 < $D$4, A2 > $D$5), "Outlier", "Normal")
• Upper Bound (D5) = Mean + 2 × SD = 66 + 2 × 14.14 = 94.28.
• Any value below 37.72 or above 94.28 is considered an outlier. • Drag the formula down to B6 to apply it to all data points.
In this example, the data points 50, 60, 70, and 90 fall within the range of 37.72 to 94.28, so they are not
outliers. Conclusion:
You have successfully identified outliers using the Standard Deviation (SD) method. By calculating the mean,
standard deviation, and applying the 2-SD rule, you can determine if a data point falls outside the lower and
upper bounds.

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