Introduction to Apache Spark

Tushar B. Kute,
http://tusharkute.com
Introduction

• Industries are using Hadoop extensively to analyze

their data sets.
• The reason is that Hadoop framework is based on a
simple programming model (MapReduce) and it
enables a computing solution that is scalable,
flexible, fault-tolerant and cost effective.
• Here, the main concern is to maintain speed in
processing large datasets in terms of waiting time
between queries and waiting time to run the
program.
Apache Spark

• Spark was introduced by Apache Software

Foundation for speeding up the Hadoop
computational computing software process.
• As against a common belief, Spark is not a modified
version of Hadoop and is not, really, dependent on
Hadoop because it has its own cluster management.
Hadoop is just one of the ways to implement Spark.
• Spark uses Hadoop in two ways – one is storage and
second is processing. Since Spark has its own cluster
management computation, it uses Hadoop for
storage purpose only.
Apache Spark

• Apache Spark is a lightning-fast cluster computing

technology, designed for fast computation.
• It is based on Hadoop MapReduce and it extends
the MapReduce model to efficiently use it for more
types of computations, which includes interactive
queries and stream processing.
• The main feature of Spark is its in-memory cluster
computing that increases the processing speed of
an application.
Apache Spark

• Spark is designed to cover a wide range of

workloads such as batch applications, iterative
algorithms, interactive queries and streaming.
• Apart from supporting all these workload in a
respective system, it reduces the management
burden of maintaining separate tools.
Apache Spark

• Basically, Apache Spark offers high-level APIs to

users, such as Java, Scala, Python, and R.
• Although, Spark is written in Scala still offers rich
APIs in Scala, Java, Python, as well as R. We can say,
it is a tool for running spark applications.
• Most importantly, by comparing Spark with
Hadoop, it is 100 times faster than Hadoop In-
Memory mode and 10 times faster than Hadoop
On-Disk mode.
Apache Spark: Timeline
Apache Spark: Features

• Speed − Spark helps to run an application in Hadoop

cluster, up to 100 times faster in memory, and 10 times
faster when running on disk. This is possible by reducing
number of read/write operations to disk. It stores the
intermediate processing data in memory.
• Supports multiple languages − Spark provides built-in
APIs in Java, Scala, or Python. Therefore, you can write
applications in different languages. Spark comes up with
80 high-level operators for interactive querying.
• Advanced Analytics − Spark not only supports ‘Map’ and
‘reduce’. It also supports SQL queries, Streaming data,
Machine learning (ML), and Graph algorithms.
Apache Spark on Hadoop

• The following diagram shows three ways of how

Spark can be built with Hadoop components.
Apache Spark on Hadoop

• There are three ways of Spark deployment as

explained below.
– Standalone − Spark Standalone deployment
means Spark occupies the place on top of
HDFS(Hadoop Distributed File System) and space
is allocated for HDFS, explicitly.
– Here, Spark and MapReduce will run side by side
to cover all spark jobs on cluster.
Apache Spark on Hadoop

• Hadoop Yarn − Hadoop Yarn deployment means,

simply, spark runs on Yarn without any pre-
installation or root access required. It helps to
integrate Spark into Hadoop ecosystem or Hadoop
stack. It allows other components to run on top of
stack.
• Spark in MapReduce (SIMR) − Spark in MapReduce
is used to launch spark job in addition to standalone
deployment. With SIMR, user can start Spark and
uses its shell without any administrative access.
Apache Spark Components
Spark Core

• Spark Core is a central point of Spark. Basically, it

provides an execution platform for all the Spark
applications.
• Moreover, to support a wide array of applications,
Spark Provides a generalized platform.
Spark SQL

• On the top of Spark, Spark SQL enables users to run

SQL/HQL queries.
• We can process structured as well as semi-
structured data, by using Spark SQL.
• Moreover, it offers to run unmodified queries up to
100 times faster on existing deployments.
Spark Streaming

• Basically, across live streaming, Spark Streaming

enables a powerful interactive and data analytics
application.
• Moreover, the live streams are converted into
micro-batches those are executed on top of spark
core
Spark MLlib

• MLlib is a distributed machine learning framework

above Spark because of the distributed memory-
based Spark architecture.
• It is, according to benchmarks, done by the MLlib
developers against the Alternating Least Squares
(ALS) implementations.
• Spark MLlib is nine times as fast as the Hadoop disk-
based version of Apache Mahout (before Mahout
gained a Spark interface).
Spark GraphX

• GraphX is a distributed graph-processing

framework on top of Spark.
• It provides an API for expressing graph
computation that can model the user-defined
graphs by using Pregel abstraction API.
• It also provides an optimized runtime for this
abstraction.
SparkR

• Basically, to use Apache Spark from R. It is R

package that gives light-weight frontend.
• Moreover, it allows data scientists to analyze large
datasets. Also allows running jobs interactively on
them from the R shell.
• Although, the main idea behind SparkR was to
explore different techniques to integrate the
usability of R with the scalability of Spark.
Uses of Spark

• Data integration: The data generated by systems

are not consistent enough to combine for analysis.
To fetch consistent data from systems we can use
processes like Extract, transform, and load (ETL).
Spark is used to reduce the cost and time required
for this ETL process.
• Stream processing: It is always difficult to handle
the real-time generated data such as log files. Spark
is capable enough to operate streams of data and
refuses potentially fraudulent operations.
Uses of Spark

• Machine learning: Machine learning approaches

become more feasible and increasingly accurate
due to enhancement in the volume of data. As
spark is capable of storing data in memory and can
run repeated queries quickly, it makes it easy to
work on machine learning algorithms.
• Interactive analytics: Spark is able to generate the
respond rapidly. So, instead of running pre-defined
queries, we can handle the data interactively.
 Thank you
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