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Lecture1 Introduction To 8086MP

The document provides an introduction to the 8086 microprocessor, detailing its specifications such as memory size, speed, and instruction set compared to the earlier Intel 4004. It outlines the programming model, including 8-bit and 16-bit registers, and explains the purpose of various special registers. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of understanding binary and hexadecimal numbering systems for students studying microprocessor architecture.

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12 views4 pages

Lecture1 Introduction To 8086MP

The document provides an introduction to the 8086 microprocessor, detailing its specifications such as memory size, speed, and instruction set compared to the earlier Intel 4004. It outlines the programming model, including 8-bit and 16-bit registers, and explains the purpose of various special registers. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of understanding binary and hexadecimal numbering systems for students studying microprocessor architecture.

Uploaded by

harithbashar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 1: Introduction to 8086 Mp

 A microprocessor (Mp) is a programmable controller on a chip.

The first Mp in the world, Intel 4004 was invented in 1971. 4004 Mp has:

- A memory of 4096 locations, each has 4-bits width.


- A speed of 50 KIPS (Kilo Instruction Per Second).
- An instruction set that contains 45 instructions.

After 4004, Microprocessors gradually developed in the memory size, speed and no. of
instructions.

 8086 Mp was released by Intel in 1978. 8086 Mp has:


- A memory of 1 Mega locations, each has 8-bits width.
- A speed of 2.5 million KIPS (Kilo Instruction Per Second).
- An instruction set that contains over 20,000 instructions.
- A cash memory to speed up instructions execution.
- A 16-line data bus.
- A 20-line address bus.

,‫ انقٍاو تحساتاخ يرُٕػح‬,‫ يؼاندح يؼهٕياخ‬,‫ يُٓا قشاءج ادخال‬,‫انًؼانح ْٕ سقاقح قاتهّ نهثشيدح ذسرخذو نؼًهٍاخ يرؼذدج‬
.‫ انخ‬... ,‫انرخاطة ٔانسٍطشج ػهى اخٓضج يؼٍُح‬

‫ (يغ اَّ الٌقاسٌ يغ االيكاٍَاخ انًٕخٕدج فً انًؼانداخ انحذٌثح) ْٕ اَّ ًَٕرج يصغش‬0808 ‫سثة دساسح يؼانح‬
, ‫ حٍث اٌ انرطٕس انزي حصم ْٕ فً حدى انزاكشج ٔسشػح انًؼانح ٔػذد االٌؼاصاخ‬,‫نهًؼانداخ انًٕخٕدج فً انٕقد انحاضش‬
.ّ‫أيا االساط فٕٓ راذ‬
The 8086 Mp Programming Model (or Software Model)

8-bit 8-bit

AX AH AL Accumulator

BX BH BL Base Index

CX CH CL Count

DX DH DL Data

SP Stack Pointer

BP Base Pointer

DI Destination Index

SI Source Index
16-bit

IP Instruction Pointer
FLAGS register Flags

CS Code Segment Register

DS Data Segment Register

ES Extra Segment Register

SS Stack Segment Register

‫ حٍث ٌُظش انًثشيح انى انًؼانح ػهى أَّ يدًٕػح يٍ انسدالخ انًرُٕػح ٔانرً ٌرى‬, ‫انشسى أػالِ ًٌثم َظشذُا انى انًؼانح‬
‫ يٕضٕع يادج‬0808‫ ٔسركٌٕ االٌؼاصاخ انخاصح تًؼانح انـ‬,‫انرحكى تانًؼانح أٔ يخاطثح انًؼانح يٍ خالنٓا تاسرخذاو االٌؼاصاخ‬
.‫انًؼانداخ خالل انفصم االٔل اٌ شاء هللا‬
- 8-bit registers are:
AH, AL, BH, BL, CH, CL, DH and DL.
- 16-bit registers are:
AX, BX, CX, DX, SP, BP, DI, SI, IP, FLAGS, CS, DS, ES and SS.
- Multipurpose registers are:
AX, BX, CX, DX, BP, DI and SI.
- Special purpose registers are:
IP, SP, FLAGS, CS, DS, ES and SS.

IP: addresses the next instruction in the code segment.


SP: addresses an area of memory called the stack.
CS: defines the starting address of the section of memory holding code.
DS: points to the starting address of the section of memory holding the data used
by a program.
ES: additional data segment.
SS: points to the starting address of the stack segment.

Segment-Offset Address Combinations


segment offset Special purpose
CS IP Instruction address
SS SP or BP Stack address
DS BX, DI, SI, 8-bit or 16-bit number Data address
ES --- ---

ّ‫اندذٔل اػالِ رٔ اًٍْح تانغح حٍث سٍرى انشخٕع انٍّ تشكم دائى الٌ انًثشيح ٌدة اٌ ٌؼهى انسدم انزي ٌرى اسرخذاي‬
.‫ االستؼح‬segments‫) ػُذ انرؼايم يغ أي يٍ انـ‬offset( ‫كًؤشش‬
Important notes:

1 Byte = 8-bits
Word = 2 Bytes = 16-bits
Double word = 2 words = 4 Bytes = 32-bits
Nibble = 4-bits (1 Byte= 2 nibbles)
1 K Byte = 210 Byte = 1024 Byte
1 M Byte = 210 K Byte = 210 * 210 Byte
b15 … b2 b1 b0

Higher bit
Requirements Lower bit
Higher nibble Lower nibble

Higher byte Lower byte

Requirements:
It is required from students at this level to understand the following:

- Binary numbering
- Hexadecimal numbering
- Converting between Binary, Hexamdecimal and Decimal numbering systems.
- The difference between signed and unsigned numbers.

‫ ٔانرً سثق ٔذى دساسرٓا فً يادج انرقٍُاخ‬,‫يطهٕب يٍ انطهثح يشاخؼح انُقاط أػالِ قثم انثذء فً يادج انًؼانداخ انذقٍقح‬
.‫انشقًٍح فً انصف األٔل‬

HW:

1) Count in Hexadecimal from 0 to 100H (Ascending)

2) Count in Hexadecimal from 400H down to 360H (Descending)

**************

Reference text books:

1) “The Intel Microprocessors”, by: Barry B. Brey


2) “The 8088 and 8086 Mp’s programming, interfacing S/W, H/W and Applications”, by:
W. A. Triebel and A. Singh.

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