Shear and Moment Diagrams – Area Method

1
A1 = Aadb = (ad)(db)
a d n+1
n
n˚ A2 = AaOc = (aO)(Oc)
n+1
e
O c A3 = AadeO = (aO)(ad)
A4
b A4 = A1+ A2 - A3
 I S A B E L A S TAT E U N I V E R S I T Y
College Of Engineering
CE 224 – Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

Bending Stresses
RALPH HAJILE B. ESTRADA
CE, Instructor
FB: Ha j i l e B ravo Est ra d a
E ma i l : h aj il e l i jah 15@ gma i l. com
 BENDING IN BEAMS

Top Fibers are shortened

P -> Compressive Stress

C N.A.
C

Fibers at Neutral Axis are Undisturbed

-> zero stress
Bottom Fibers are Elongated
-> Tensile Stress
B E N D I N G S T R E S S E S
 BENDING IN BEAMS

P
N.A.

σmax

c1 y
N.A.
h
c2
b σmax
Side Section Stress Diagram
P
N.A.
 FLEXURAL STRESSES
Flexure Formula:

This formula indicates that the flexure

stress in any section varies directly with
the distance of the section from the
neutral axis.
In a more common form, is replaced by
the distance , which is defined as the C
distance of the neutral axis from the
remotest element.
Sample Problem
The beam loaded as shown has a tee section that is made up of a 30 mm x 150
mm flange and a 30 mm x 160 mm web.
a. Determine the maximum bending stress
in the beam. 150 mm

b. Determine the bending stress at a fiber 30 mm

10 mm from the bottom face of the beam

160 mm
Sample Problem
a. Determine the maximum bending stress
in the beam.
Mc
Max
I
Maximum Moment:
M = -900 lb-ft
Moment of Inertia: 64.03 mm

IX = 31,538,790mm4
y = 64.03 mm
c = 190 mm – 64.03 mm 125.97 mm
c = 125.97 mm
 Sample Problem
a. Determine the maximum bending stress in the beam.
Mc M = -900 lb-ft
Max IX = 31,538,790mm4
I
12 in 1 in
(900 lb−ft)( )(125.97 mm)( ) c = 125.97 mm
Max 1 ft 25.4 mm
1 in
(31538790mm )
(25.4 mm)

64.03 mm
Max 706.8821 lb/in 𝟐

b. Determine the maximum stress at a fiber 10 mm

from the bottom face of the beam
My
Point of
I

125.97 mm
12 in 1 in Interest
(900 lb−ft)( )(115.97 mm)( ) @ b.
1 ft 25.4 mm
1 in
(31538790mm )
(25.4 mm) 10 mm
650.7670 lb/in 𝟐
 Sample Problem
c. Determine the bending stress at the top of the beam.
12 in 1 in M = -900 lb-ft
My (900 lb−ft)( )(64.03 mm)( )
1 ft 25.4 mm IX = 31,538,790mm4
I 1 in c = 125.97 mm
(31538790mm )
(25.4 mm) Max 𝜎 = 706.88 𝑝𝑠𝑖
359.31 lb/in𝟐
359.31 psi

64.03 mm
125.97 mm

706.88 psi
Sample Problem 2
A cantilever beam, 50 mm wide by 150 mm high and 6 m long, carries a load
that varies uniformly from zero at the free end to 1000 N/m at the wall.
a. Compute the magnitude and location of the maximum flexural stress.
b. Determine the type and magnitude of the stress in a fiber 20 mm from the top
of the beam at a section 2 m from the free end.

1000 N/m

150 mm

6m 50 mm
Sample Problem 2 1000 N/m
ΣFV = 0
0 = AV − 0.5 6 m 1000N/m MA
AV = 3000 N
ΣMA = 0 A 6m B
0 = 0.5 6 m 1000N/m 2 m − MA Av
3000 N

SHEAR
MA = 6000 N−m
2˚

0
0

MOMENT
3˚

-6000 Nm = Mmax
Sample Problem 2 1000 N/m
a. Compute the magnitude and location
of the maximum flexural stress.
MA

Moment of Inertia: A 6m B
bh3 50 mm (150 mm)3

150 mm
Av
I= =
12 12 3000 N

SHEAR
2˚
I = 14,062,500 mm4
Max Bending Stress: 50 mm 0
Mc 6000 Nm (10)3(75 mm) 0
σmax = =
I 14,062,500 mm4

MOMENT
3˚
σmax = 32 MPa
-6000 Nm = Mmax
 Sample Problem 2
b. Determine the type and magnitude of the stress in a fiber 20 mm
from the top of the beam at a section 2 m from the free end.
My 20 mm
Bending Stress: σ = y = 75 mm – 20 mm
I
6m y = 55 mm y

150 mm
2m I = 14,062,500 mm4
0
M

MOMENT
3˚ Bending Stress:
My
-6000 Nm σ= 50 mm
I
M 6000 Nm 222.2222 Nm (10)3(55 mm)
= σ=
(2 m) 3 (6 m) 3 14,062,500 mm4
2000
M= = 222.2222 N−m σ = 0.86914 MPa = 869.14 kPa
9
Sample Problem 3 (Activity)
Determine the minimum height h of the beam shown if the flexural stress is not
to exceed 20 MPa.
5 kN
h
2.5 kN/m C=
2

h
bh3
I=
12
R1 R2
80 mm
Mc
σmax =
I M
M =
b σmax
σmax =
bh2