WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY

SHEETS
Learning Area & Inquires, Investigation and
Immersion, Quarter 2 Week 3

Finding the Answers to the Research Questions

(Qualitative)
Name: ______________________________________Section: _______________

Learning Objective:
Forms logical conclusions makes recommendation based on
conclusions writes clear report.

Key Concepts
 Individual interview is a conversation between two or more people
(the interviewer and the interviewee) where questions are asked by
the interviewer to obtain information from the interviewee following
a structured guidelines or pointers.
 Questionnaires are series of questions and other prompts for the
purpose of gathering information from respondents.
 In Observation, a group or single participants are manipulated by
the researcher, for example, asked to perform a specific task or
action. Observations are then used made for their user behavior,
user processes, workflow, etc. either in a controlled situation
example in the laboratory or in a real world situation example in the
classroom. It deals with actual encounter with respondent particular
activities of the day.
 Surveys can be open or close-ended questions.
 Themes are idea or categories that emerge from grouping of lower
level data points
 Coding are process of attaching labels to lines of text so that the
researcher can group and compare similar or related pieces of
information
 Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) is the range of process and
procedures whereby we move from the qualitative day that have
been collected and procedures whereby we move from the
qualitative data that have been collected in to some form of
explanation, understanding or interpretation of the people and
situations we are investigating.
 There are some common ways to analyze qualitative data. These
are content analysis, discourse analysis, grounded theory, narrative,
and thematic analysis. But in this module you will just focused on
 thematic analysis which will deal with how to develop a coding
theme.
 Content analysis - This is one of the most common methods to
analyze qualitative data. It is used to analyze documented
information in the form of texts, media, or even physical items.
When to use this method depends on the research questions.
Content analysis is usually used to analyze response from
interviewees.
 Discourse analysis - Like narrative analysis, discourse analysis is
used to analyze interactions with people. However, it focuses on
analyzing the social context in which the communication between
the researcher and the respondent occurred. Discourse analysis also
looks at the respondent’s day-to-day environment and uses that
information during analysis.
 Grounded theory- This refers to using qualitative data to explain
why a certain phenomenon happened. It does this by studying a
variety of similar cases in different settings and using the data to
derive causal explanations. Researchers may alter the explanations
or create new ones as they study more cases until they arrive at an
explanation that fits all cases.
 Narrative analysis - This method is used to analyze content from
various sources, such as interviews of respondents, observations
from the field, or surveys. It focuses on using the stories and
experiences shared by people to answer the research questions
 Thematic Analysis In a thematic analysis of qualitative data, the
researcher looks across all the data to identify some recurring
issues. Main themes that summarize all the views collected can be
derived from these issues. The main stages of thematic analysis are
as follows:
A. Read and annotate transcript.
B. Identify themes
C. Develop a coding scheme
D. Coding the data
 Read and annotate transcript. In this stage, as a researcher you
can have a feel for the data because primary observations are
provided. However, an overview of the data cannot be achieved in
this early stage.
 Identify themes. In this stage, you can look at the data in details
to identify themes. In each transcript, you may note at the outset
what the interviewee is trying to impart in his/her responses. It is
suggested that these themes must be enumerated and notes be
made as abstract as possible.
 Develop a coding scheme. Initial themes can be collected to
develop a coding scheme. This includes the enumerated themes
and the codes applicable to the data. Each broad code has a
 number of sub codes. It is recommended to use a coding scheme as
soon as initial data have been gathered.
 Coding the data. The next step is applying these codes to the
whole data set. This can be done on either the margins of the
transcripts or the statements in line. In an ideal setting, the whole
set of data should be coded to ensure honest and exhaustive
analysis.
 Six basic steps in coding data are as follows:
a. Get an idea of the entire set. After reading the transcriptions
carefully, write down some ideas as they arise in the margins and
transcription
b. Select one interesting document. Choose the shortest and
perhaps the most interesting transcript, reread it and ask questions,
“What is the respondent talking about?” Discern the underlying
meaning and jot down in the margins of the transcript.
c. Start the document coding process. Divide the transcript into
segments, put brackets in each of the segments, and give specific
code to each phrase or word that exactly explains or describes the
meaning of the text segment.
d. List all the code words. After coding the whole text, look for
redundant codes by grouping the similar ones. Through this process,
the list of codes can be reduced into a more manageable number. It
is recommended to limit the number of codes from the start of the
process, so that it is easier to manage the reduction of code
number.
e. Review the list against the data. Apply this preliminary organizing
process to the same transcripts and find out if the new codes
appear.
f. Categorize the codes for emerging themes or descriptions of the
subject or setting. Themes or categories are the same codes
combined together to identify major ideas in the data. Identify five
to seven categories representing the most discussed responses of
the subjects. These few themes will enable the researcher to write
an in-depth information about a few themes, rather than a broad
description about many themes

Some Qualitative Data Analysis and Interpretation Tips The following are
some tips in analyzing and interpreting qualitative data that can be
helpful to beginning researchers:

 Consider the data from various perspectives. Whatever the research

may be or whatever data have been collected, it is always best to
ask what that data mean for readers.
 Think beyond the data. Make the most out of the data, neither too
much nor too little. Ensure that the connection between or among
 the data sets and their interpretation are clear. Anchor all data
interpretations on the research objectives.
 Make visible personal assumptions and beliefs or models that
influence the interpretation, representing personal views of the
world. These models are usually not carefully analyzed and may be
below the level of understanding. If left unexamined, the
assumptions and beliefs might lead to wrong interpretations. Think
and reason our carefully. Individual or collective listing of
assumptions about inquiry can be done.
 In some cases, outlying data or data that is different from others
may be encountered and regarded accordingly. Consider to
incorporate them in the analysis and interpretation data.
 Watch out for some data may come in surprise, contradictory or
puzzling, because they usually lead to useful insights. They must
also be given attention for an holistic interpretation of data.
 Thematic, narrative, content, discourse and grounded theory are
ways in analyzing qualitative data.
 Data can be interpreted through extending the analysis by asking
questions, linking results to personal experiences, asking for advice
from teachers, contextualizing in the literature, and directing data
interpretation using theory.
 In interpreting data, it is important to group similar responses into
categories and identify common patterns for easier analysis.

Exercises/ Activities

A. Multiple Choices: Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. It is used to analyze content from various sources, such as

interviews of respondents, observations from the field, or surveys. It
focuses on using the stories and experiences shared by people to
answer the research questions
A. Content C. Grounded B. Narrative Theory D. Thematic

2. It a step in qualitative analysis of data which simply means

converting all the data into a text format by either exporting the
data into a spreadsheet or manually typing in the data or choose
from any of the computers assisted qualitative data analysis tools.
A. Arranging data B. Coding Data C. Validating Data D.
Setting a Code to the Data
Collected
3. Which of the following is not included in the main stages of
thematic analysis?
A. Coding the data B. Summarize dat C. Identify themes D.
Develop a coding scheme
4. These are series of questions and other prompts for the purpose
of gathering information from respondents.
A. Questionnaires B. Blog C. Interview D.
Survey

5. Which of the following does NOT describe qualitative data

interpretation?
A. It must also be remembered that interpretation does not
necessarily depends on the point of view of the researcher.
B. Interpretation of findings is making sense of the data collected,
and an act to identify the lessons learned from the study.
C. Interpretation of qualitative findings is a process of
intellectualizing beyond the emerging themes to broader
perspectives of the data.
D. In interpreting results, it is helpful to group similar responses into
categories then identify usual patterns to derive meanings from
what may seem unrelated and wordy responses.

6. Which of the following does NOT describe a qualitative data?

A. It uses statistical data
B. Mostly non-numerical data like texts
C. An exploratory way of finding the explanation of “how” and why
of a certain event or phenomenon
D. Collected through methods of observations, one-to-one interview,
conducting focus groups and similar methods.

7. What step should not be followed in data interpretation?

A. Think beyond the data
B. Consider the data from various perspectives
C. Disregard outlying data or data that seems to be exception
D. Make visible the assumptions and beliefs that influence your
interpretation

8. It refers to using qualitative data to explain why a certain

phenomenon happened by studying a variety of similar cases in
different setting and using the data to derive causal explanations.
A. Content Analysis C. Grounded Theory
B. Discourse Analysis D. Framework Analysis

9. Which of the following is not included in qualitative data

preparation and analysis?
A. Getting familiar with the data
B. Revisiting research objectives
C. Identifying patterns and connection
D. Describing relationship between two variables
10.Which method of data analyses used to analyze documented
information in the form of texts, media, or even physical items
characteristics?
A. Content C. Narrative
B. Grounded Theory D. Thematic

11.It is a conversation between two or more people (the interviewer

and the interviewee) where questions are asked by the interviewer
to obtain information from the interviewee following a structured
guidelines or pointers.
A. Individual Interview C. Questionnaires
B. Observation D. Vlog

12.Which statement pertains to thematic analysis of data

A. It involves looking at each case narratively
B. It is used in conjunction with other methods
C. It shows the main themes that summarizes all the views collected
D. It enables one to focus on human behavior in an indirect way by
analyzing their communication.

13.Which of the following best describes qualitative data analysis?

A. It is an awkward, haphazard process.
B. It begins after all data has been collected
C. It builds from abstraction to specific, concrete examples.
D. It is ongoing, cyclic process integrated into all phases of research

14.Which of the following theme will best fit to the question “What is
the
most common reason for Students who enrolled in the Open High
School?
A. No Smoking Policy
B. No plastics Policy
C. Working Student
D. No wearing of uniform

15.It is the range of process and procedures whereby we move from

the qualitative day that have been collected and procedures
whereby we move from the qualitative data that have been
collected in to some form of explanation, understanding or
interpretation of the people and situations we are investigating.
A. Qualitative Data Analysis
B. Quantitative Data Analysis
C. Interpretation of Data
D. Data Gathering Method
B. Read the following statement and decide if it is an
example of Qualitative or Quantitative data. Write your
answer on the line before each number.
____________ 1. The cake recipe requires 3 cups of flour.
____________ 2. The shelf life of the Papaya Pickle is 3 days.
____________ 3. The temperature of the oven increased by 8 degree
celcius.
____________ 4. The cloth of our table napkin feels rough.
____________ 5. The fish ball tastes sour.
____________ 6. One of the welding rod measures 9 cm long.
____________ 7. The mass of the computes is 2.5 kg.
____________ 8. Opening the wine bottle makes a loud pop sound.
____________ 9. Leonora earned 95% on her Math quiz.
____________ 10. The pastry in the canteen smells sweet.

Reflection

In today’s complicated world of economics, politics and

governance, how would Quantitative and Qualitative Data, Data
analysis and interpretation make sense?

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Multiple Choices.
1.C 6. A 11. A
2 B 7. C 12. C
3 A 8. C 13. B
4 A 9. D 14. C
5 A 10. C 15. A

Writer:

JULIE ANN A. CORVERA

SST- II

Checked and Reviewed:

LIEZEL C. BAZAR
Assistant Principal

ISRAEL B. REVECHE
EPS/SHS Division Coordinator