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Module 1 1 Laws of Motion

The document explains Newton's three laws of motion, emphasizing the concepts of inertia, force, and action-reaction pairs. It illustrates how these laws apply to everyday scenarios, such as the effects of friction and the mechanics of movement in various contexts like cars, birds, and rockets. Additionally, it highlights the importance of understanding these principles for practical applications, such as safety measures like wearing seat belts.

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nicoleangelaalcuran42
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22 views34 pages

Module 1 1 Laws of Motion

The document explains Newton's three laws of motion, emphasizing the concepts of inertia, force, and action-reaction pairs. It illustrates how these laws apply to everyday scenarios, such as the effects of friction and the mechanics of movement in various contexts like cars, birds, and rockets. Additionally, it highlights the importance of understanding these principles for practical applications, such as safety measures like wearing seat belts.

Uploaded by

nicoleangelaalcuran42
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Read the following slides to have a better

understanding of the topic. ( For


additional information and added
examples. )
What will
happen to the
man if the bus
speeds up?

What will happen


to the man if the
bus suddenly
stops?
I. Law of Inertia
II. F=ma
III. Action-Reaction
While most people know
what Newton's laws say,
many people do not know
what they mean (or simply do
not believe what they mean).
• 1st Law – An object at rest will stay at rest, and an
object in motion will stay in motion at constant velocity,
unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

• 2nd Law – Force equals mass times acceleration.


• 3rd Law – For every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
An object at resttends to stay
at rest, and an object in
motion tends to stay in motion
with the same speed and in the
same direction, unless acted
by an external force
• Inertia is the
tendency of an
object to resist
changes in its
velocity:
whether in
motion or
motionless. These pumpkins will not move unless acted on
by an unbalanced force.
• Once airborne,
unless acted on
by an
unbalanced force
(gravity and air
– fluid friction), it
would never stop!
• Unless acted
upon by an
unbalanced
force, this golf
ball would sit on
the tee forever.
Why then, do we observe
every day objects in motion
slowing down and becoming
motionless seemingly without an
outside force?
It’s a force we sometimes cannot see – friction.
Objects on earth, unlike the
frictionless space the moon travels
through, are under the influence of
friction.
What is this unbalanced force that acts on an object in motion?

• There are four main types of friction:


• Sliding friction: ice skating
• Rolling friction: bowling
• Fluid friction (air or liquid): air or water resistance
• Static friction: initial friction when moving an object
Slide a book
across a table and
watch it slide to a rest
position. The book
comes to a rest
because of the
presence of a force -
that force being the
force of friction -
which brings the book
to a rest position.
• In the absence of a force of
friction, the book would continue in
motion with the same speed and
direction - forever! (Or at least to
the end of the table top.)
Don’t let this be you. Wear seat belts.
Because of inertia, objects (including you)
resist changes in their motion. When the car
going 80 km/hour is stopped by the brick
wall, your body keeps moving at 80 km/hour.
•The Law Of ACELERATION
The acceleration of an object as
produced by a net force is directly
proportional to the magnitude force
of the net force, in the same
direction as the net force, and
inversely proportional to the mass
of the object or F=ma.
• When mass is in kilograms and
acceleration is in m/s/s, the unit of
force is in newtons (N).
• One newton is equal to the force
required to accelerate one kilogram
of mass at one meter/second/second.
• How much force is needed to accelerate a 1400 kilogram car
in 2 meters per second/per second?
• Write the formula
• F=mxa
• Fill in given numbers and units
• F = 1400 kg x 2 meters per second/second
• Solve for the unknown

• 2800 kg-meters/second/second or 2800 N


Newton’s 2nd Law proves that different masses
accelerate to the earth at the same rate, but with
different forces.

• We know that objects


with different masses
accelerate to the
ground at the same
rate.
• However, because of
the 2nd Law we know
that they don’t hit the
ground with the same
force.
F = ma F = ma
98 N = 10 kg x 9.8 m/s/s 9.8 N = 1 kg x 9.8 m/s/s
•For every action,
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction.
1. Action and reaction forces always
come in pairs.
2. Action and reaction forces are equal
in magnitude but opposite direction
3. Action and reaction act on two
different bodies
4. Action and reaction forces have same
line of action
According to Newton,
whenever objects A and
B interact with each
other, they exert forces
upon each other. When
you sit in your chair, your
body exerts a downward
force on the chair and
the chair exerts an
upward force on your
body.
There are two forces
resulting from this
interaction - a force on
the chair and a force on
your body. These two
forces are called action
and reaction forces.
• For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Book to Table to
earth book
• Consider the propulsion of a
fish through the water. A fish
uses its fins to push water
backwards. In turn, the
water reacts by pushing the
fish forwards, propelling the
fish through the water.
• The size of the force on the
water equals the size of the
force on the fish; the
direction of the force on the
water (backwards) is
opposite the direction of the
force on the fish (forwards).
Flying gracefully
through the air, birds
depend on Newton’s
third law of motion. As
the birds push down on
the air with their wings,
the air pushes their
wings up and gives
them lift.
• Consider the flying motion of birds. A bird flies by use
of its wings. The wings of a bird push air downwards.
In turn, the air reacts by pushing the bird upwards.
• The size of the force on the air equals the size of the
force on the bird; the direction of the force on the air
(downwards) is opposite the direction of the force on
the bird (upwards).
• Action-reaction force pairs make it possible for birds
to fly.
• The baseball forces the
bat to the left (an
action); the bat forces
the ball to the right (the
reaction).
• Consider the motion of a
car on the way to school.
A car is equipped with
wheels which spin
backwards. As the
wheels spin backwards,
they grip the road and
push the road
backwards.
The reaction of a rocket is
an application of the third
law of motion. Various
fuels are burned in the
engine, producing hot
gases.
The hot gases push against
the inside tube of the rocket
and escape out the bottom
of the tube. As the gases
move downward, the rocket
moves in the opposite
direction.

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