Multi-Transmitter Based Wireless Power

Transmission for Electrical Vehicles

Vinay Kumar Awaar Mulagapati Naga Sandhya Rani Praveen Jugge
Dept. of Electrical and Dept. of Electrical and Dept. of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering
Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of
Engineering and Technology Engineering and Technology Engineering and Technology
Hyderabad, INDIA Hyderabad, INDIA Hyderabad, INDIA
2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation (SEFET) | 979-8-3503-8399-7/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/SEFET61574.2024.10717923

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Sai Vignesh Bellal B L Narasimha Rao Hassan M. Al-Jawahry

Dept. of Electrical and Dept. of Electrical and Department of computers Techniques
Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering engineering, College of technical engineering,
Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of The Islamic university, Najaf, Iraq
Engineering and Technology Engineering and Technology [email protected]
Hyderabad, INDIA Hyderabad, INDIA
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— Wireless power transmission (WPT) is an in technology and the growing demand for more convenient
innovative technology that enables the transmission of electrical and efficient ways to charge and power our devices. The
energy from a source to a load without physical connections fundamental ideas of electromagnetic radiation and induction
such as wires or cables. This technology relies on form the basis of wireless power transmission. Resonant
electromagnetic fields and resonance principles, allowing for
inductive coupling and inductive coupling are the two main
efficient energy transfer over short to medium distances.
Different topologies, which include Series Series (SS), Series techniques for accomplishing wireless power transmission.
Parallel (SP), Parallel Series (PS), and Parallel Parallel (PP), can There are two types of coils used in inductive coupling: a
be used to build WPT models. The applications of WPT are vast primary transmitter coil and a secondary receiver coil. A
and impactful, especially for consumer electronics such as fluctuating magnetic field is produced when the transmitter
smartphones, laptops, EVs, and wearables, where the need for coil is subjected to an alternating current (AC). The receiver
charging cables can be eliminated. This paper discusses coil experiences a voltage due to the magnetic field, which
simulation models of WPT using MATLAB/Simulink software, can be utilized to power or charge a device. An improved type
aiming to identify the most efficient and reliable approach for of inductive coupling called resonant inductive coupling
wireless power transmission.
increases the efficiency of power transfer by utilizing
Keywords— Wireless power transfer (WPT); electric vehicle; resonant circuits. By aligning the resonance frequencies of
Series-Series (SS); Series-Parallel (SP); Parallel-Parallel (PP); the transmitter and receiver coils, it maximizes the
Parallel-Series (PS); Topologies. transmission of power.

I. INTRODUCTION Wireless power transmission has several methods and

Wireless power transmission is an advanced technology technologies, each with its advantages and limitations. The
that uses magnetic fields to transfer power wirelessly between most common application today is Near-Field Wireless
two devices. It eliminates the need for cables and wires for Charging, which involves inductive coupling and is used for
powering and charging electronic devices, making it a charging small electronic devices like smartphones and
convenient and efficient way to keep our devices charged electric toothbrushes. Mid-Range Wireless Power
without the hassle of cords. It works by using a transmitter Transmission technology, such as resonant inductive
coil to create a magnetic field that is picked up by a receiver coupling and magnetic resonance, is used for transmitting
coil in the device, which then converts the magnetic field power over longer distances. This has applications in electric
back into electricity to power the device. This revolutionary vehicle charging and wireless charging pads for laptops.
technology has the potential to transform the way we use and Finally, Long-Range Wireless Power Transmission is still in
interact with electronic devices, allowing for greater mobility the experimental phase but aims to transmit power over much
and flexibility in charging and powering our devices. The greater distances. This technology can potentially
concept of wireless power transmission is not new, as it has revolutionize how we power our world, including
been around for over a century. However, technology has applications like solar power satellites beaming energy down
significantly evolved over the years, with numerous methods to Earth. Wireless power transmission is an innovative
and technologies being developed. A renowned inventor, technology that has numerous applications in various
Nikola Tesla conducted the earliest experiments on wireless industries, such as consumer electronics and healthcare. As
power transmission in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. technology continues to evolve, it is expected to become even
His vision was to establish a global system of wireless power more efficient and widespread in the future.
distribution using resonant inductive coupling by
transmitting power through the Earth's atmosphere. This Without the need of physical connectors or wires,
project was never fully realized due to technical and financial wireless power transmission, or WPT, moves electrical
challenges. In recent decades, there has been a renewed energy from a source to a load. Without a direct electrical
interest in wireless power transmission due to advancements connection, it enables power transfer across short or large

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distances. Although the idea of sustainable WPT is not new, appropriate for wireless transmission. Transmitter: This
recent technology developments have improved its block contains the components (usually coils) that generate
applicability and efficiency. WPT works on the fundamental the electromagnetic field to transmit power wirelessly.
tenet of energy transmission via electromagnetic fields. Receiver: This block includes the components (coils) that
Resonant coupling and electromagnetic induction are two capture the wireless power from the transmission medium.
methods that can be used to accomplish this. WPT has a Power Conversion and Control Circuit: This block converts
number of advantages, including the ability to do away with the received electromagnetic energy back into electrical
physical connectors and cords, less clutter, and an easier power and controls its distribution. It typically involves
charging procedure. It offers flexibility and convenience as rectification, voltage regulation, and control functions.
well as direct-contact device charging. Electrical Load: This block represents the device or battery
that receives the wirelessly transmitted power and utilizes it
Furthermore, WPT can be applied in a variety of settings, for its intended purpose.
such as residences, workplaces, public areas, and even
charging stations for electric vehicles. Nevertheless, WPT is III. TOPOLOGIES OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION
not without its difficulties. Among the primary concerns is The arrangement of the circuit's components is referred to
power transfer efficiency. Another concern with the as topology. There are four topologies that can be used to
technology is safety, since it must adhere to strict regulations configure WPT: SS, SP, PS, and PP. To simulate the WPT
to guarantee that electromagnetic radiation does not pose any model, SS topology is employed. The circuit topologies are
health dangers. WPT has recently attracted a lot of interest all shown in the following Fig. 4. The primary and secondary
and development despite these obstacles. Numerous inductors are linked in series with the capacitor in the SS
industries have employed it, including consumer electronics, architecture. The goal of these circuit designs is to increase
industrial automation, healthcare, and the automobile sector. power transfer efficiency by cancelling out the reactive
Future wire-free living and a more comfortable way to power components of the transferred power. The primary and
and charge electronics could be made possible by research secondary circuit designs strive to preserve resonance and
and development in sustainable wireless power transfer improve power transfer. This is accomplished by lowering
(WPT). the apparent power extracted from the source, guaranteeing
efficient active power transfer to the load, and enabling
successful operation.

Fig. 1. Wireless Power Transmission

II. WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION

A. Wireless Power Transmission Block Diagram
The way the wireless power transmission system works is
that electrical power is transformed at the transmitter into
electromagnetic waves, which are then wirelessly
transmitted. At the receiver, the energy is captured and
transformed back into electrical power that can be used by the Fig. 3. Circuit Topologies. (a) Series-Series (SS), (b) Series-Parallel (SP),
load. With a comparable representation in Fig. 3, the wireless (c) Parallel-Parallel (PP), (d) Parallel-Series (PS)
power transmission block diagram typically consists of the
following components. TABLE I. COMPENSATION CAPACITORS VALUE FOR DIFFERENT
COMPENSATION NETWORKS

Compensation CP CS
SS 1 1
2 2
1 2
2
SP 2 2
1
2
1 2−
2 2

PS 2 2 1
Fig. 2. Block Diagram of Wireless Power Transmission 4 2
1 + 2
2

Power Source: This block represents the source of 1 2 2

electrical power, which can be a power generation facility, PP ( 1 2−

2 ) 2 1
2 2
such as a power plant, or a power grid. Power Control and 4 2 2
2
Conversion Circuit: The parts in this block are in charge of
2
( , 2 − )
2 2
2
managing electricity and transforming it into a format that is

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 B. MATLAB Simulation
IV. SIMULATION STUDIES
A. Methodology The circuit illustrated in Figure 5 presents a simulation of
The following equations are used to calculate the three separate circuits, each with its own multi-transmitter
parameters involved in Wireless Power Transmission using and multi-receiver configuration. These circuits employ to
SS topology. These calculated values are used to simulate the same power source as shown in fig.4 to drive three distinct
circuit in MATLAB/Simulink. loads, each requiring a different power level of 500W,
1000W, and 1500W respectively.

= (1) The parameter values used in simulating three circuits that

operate at different power levels are displayed in tables. The
parameter values for circuit 1, which runs at 500W, are
= (2) displayed in Table II. The parameter values for Circuit 2,
which runs at 1000W, are displayed in Table III; the
( )2 (3) parameter values for Circuit 3, which runs at 1500W, are
=
displayed in Table IV.
1 The values in Table II are for a 500W circuit. At an input of
< ; = 4 (specified) (4)
√1− 1 2 230V, the max output voltage of 67.9V and max output
4
current of 14.7A can be observed in Fig.5.
= (5)
0 TABLE II. PARAMETER VALUES OF THE CIRCUIT AT 500W POWER
Parameters Values
= (6) Input Voltage (Vin) 230V (max)
0
Primary Inductance (LP) 619.037 μH
2
= (7) Secondary Inductance (LS) 34.512 μH
2
Mutual Inductance (M) 29.233 μH
1 Primary Capacitance (CP) 5.66nF
= 2 (8) Secondary Capacitance (CS) 101.58nF
Resistive Load (RL) 4.608 ohms
1
= 2
(9) Output Voltage (Vout) 48V (rms)

Fig. 4. Multi Transmitter and Receiver Circuit with single source

The values in Table III are for a 1000W circuit. At an
input of 230V, the max output voltage of 101.7V and max
output current of 19.6A can be observed in Fig.7.

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 TABLE III. PARAMETER VALUES OF THE CIRCUIT AT 1000W POWER voltage and current are 230V and 8.707A, respectively, while
Parameters Values the maximum output voltage and current are 101.7V and
Input Voltage (Vin) 230V (max) 19.63A.
Primary Inductance (LP) 309.553 μH
Secondary Inductance (LS) 38.826 μH
Mutual Inductance (M) 21.926 μH
Primary Capacitance (CP) 11.32 nF
Secondary Capacitance (CS) 90.29 nF
Resistive Load (RL) 5.184 ohms
Output Voltage (Vout) 72V (rms)

The values in Table IV are for a 1500W circuit. At an

input of 230V, the max output voltage of 169.4V and max
output current of 17.6A can be observed in Fig.9.
Fig. 7. Input and output voltage and current waveforms for a 1000W circuit.
TABLE IV. PARAMETER VALUES OF THE CIRCUIT AT 1500W POWER
Parameters Values
A 1000W circuit's input and output powers are displayed
Input Voltage (Vin) 230V (max) in Fig. 8. A measurement of 1001 W and 998.4 W is made
Primary Inductance (LP) for the input and output power.
206.348 μH
Secondary Inductance (LS) 71.9 μH
Mutual Inductance (M) 24.361 μH
Primary Capacitance (CP) 16.99 nF
Secondary Capacitance (CS) 48.76 nF
Resistive Load (RL) 9.6 ohms
Output Voltage (Vout) 120V (rms)

The input and output voltage and current waveforms of a

500W circuit are shown in Fig. 5. The maximum input
voltage and current are 230V and 4.357A, respectively, while
the maximum output voltage and current are 67.9V and
14.7A. Fig. 8. Input and output waveforms of power for a 1000W circuit.

The input and output voltage and current waveforms of a

1500W circuit are shown in Fig.9. The maximum input
voltage and current are 230V and 13.03A, respectively, while
the maximum output voltage and current are 169.4V and
17.67A.

Fig. 5. Input and output voltage and current waveforms for a 500W circuit.

The input and output powers of a 500W circuit are shown

in Fig.6. The input and output power are measured as 501W
and 499.6W.

Fig. 9. Input and output voltage and current waveforms for a 1500W circuit.

The input and output powers of a 1500W circuit are shown

in Fig.10. The input and output power are measured as 1497W
and 1494W.

The input and output voltage waveforms of a single

Fig. 6. Input and output waveforms of power for a 500W circuit. transmitter and single receiver circuit with different resistive
loads is shown in Fig. 12. The maximum input voltage is
The input and output voltage and current waveforms of a
230V, while the maximum output voltage is 150V for resistive
1000W circuit are shown in Fig.7. The maximum input
load of 9.6 ohms and 236V for resistive load of 19.2ohms.

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Fig. 10. Input and output waveforms of power for a 1500W circuit.
Fig. 13. Input and output waveforms of current for different resistive load
circuit

Fig. 11. Single transmitter and single receiver with different resistive loads

The input and output voltage waveforms of a single The input and output powers of a single transmitter and
transmitter and single receiver circuit with different resistive single receiver circuit with different resistive loads is shown
loads is shown in Fig. 12. The maximum input voltage is in Fig. 14. The input and output power are measured as
230V, while the maximum output voltage is 150V for 1187W and 1183W for resistive load of 9.6 ohms and 1457W
resistive load of 9.6 ohms and 236V for resistive load of 19.2 and 1451W for resistive load of 19.2 ohms.
ohms.

Fig. 14. Input and output waveforms of power for different resistive load
Fig. 12. Input and output waveforms of voltage for different resistive load circuit
circuit
V. CONCLUSION
The input and output current waveforms of a single This paper discusses the development of wireless power
transmitter and single receiver circuit with different resistive transmission systems for electric vehicles with multiple
loads is shown in Fig. 13. The input current is 11.5A for transmitters and receivers. Each transmitter and receiver have
resistive load of 9.6 ohms and 18.1A for resistive load of 19.2 a common source and different power levels of 500W,
1000W, or 1500W. And simulation of single transmitter and
ohms, while the maximum output current is 17.6A for 9.6 single receiver for two different resistive loads is performed.
ohms and 19.2 ohms. The output current for both the resistive It is observed that when the resistive is changed output
loads (9.6 ohms and 19.2 ohms) is the same i.e. 17.6A. voltage increases and input current increases, results in
increase in power level of the WPT circuit. Simulation of
multi-transmitter and multi-receiver of wireless power
transmission and single transmitter and single receiver for

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two different resistive loads is performed using SS topology.
According to research conducted SS topology would be the
most preferable for wireless power transmission for electric
vehicle charging.

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