EVOLUTION OF Generation of Computers

TECHNOLOGY
First-generation Computer
- pertains to the industry that involves
▪ 1951 – 1959
computers, software, networking, and
▪ designed by J. Presper Eckert & John W.
other IT infrastructure to help relay or Mauchly

manage information ▪ Electronic Numeric Integrator and Calculator

(ENIAC)
HISTORY OF COMPUTER
▪ Modular computer
EARLIEST COMPUTING DEVICE
▪ Limited information
- manual-mechanical device (powered by
▪ Arithmetic operations up to 10 digits
hand)
▪ 167 square meters in size, weighed 27 tons
- electromechanical device (electric motor and
switches

- electronic device (modern digital computers) Second-generation Computer

What is Computer? ▪ 1959 – 1965
• A computer is an electronic device, ▪ transistor was used as the interior sections of
operatingunder the control of instructions the computer
stored in it so w n m e m o r y t h a t c a n a c c
ep t d a t a ,manipulate the data according to ▪ generated less heat and consumed less
specifiedrules, produce results, and store the electricity
resultsf or future use

MECHANICAL COMPUTER
Third-generation Computer
The Abacus (c. 3000 BCE)
▪ 1965 – 1970
Napier’s Bones and Logarithms (1617)
▪ Jack Kilby - invention of integrated circuit
Oughtred’s (1621) and Schickard’s (1623) (IC)
slide Rule
▪ single IC has many transistors, resistors, and
Blaise Pascal’s Pascaline (1645) capacitors

Gotftried Wilhelm von Liebniz’s Stepped ▪ remote processing, time-sharing,

Reckoner (1694) multiprogramming operations systems

CHARLES BABBAGE-(The Father of Fourth-generation Computer

Computers)
▪ 1971-1980 ▪ very large-scale integrated
LADY AUGUSTA ADA-(Countess of (VLSI) circuits
Lovelace) The Mother of Computer
▪ single chip (microprocessor) has 5,000
The first computer bug is actually a moth or transistors and other circuit elements
fly.
▪ personal computers
(The ENIAC-ELectonic Numerical
Integrator and Computer)-first electronic
programmable digital computer
Fifth-generation Computer Classification by Type of Data Handled
▪ 1980 – onwards Analog Computers-It deals with quantities
that are continuously variable and only gives
▪ ultra-large-scale integrated (ULSI) circuits approximate results.
▪ single chip (microprocessor) has 10 million Digital Computers-It is a machine that
electronic components specializes in counting values that operates in
a discrete manner.
▪ computer intelligence, natural language, and
expert systems Hybrid Computers-It has the measuring
capabilities of an analog computer and the
logical and control capabilities of a digital
computer.
Classification of Computers
Computer
Classification of Computers according
An electronic system designed to manipulate
data. They are the machines for storing , to Capacity
moving , adding and subtracting, and
Microcomputers -Have from 4k to 64k
evaluating data. Four basic functions:
storage location and are capable of handling
• Input small, single business applications such as
sales, analysis, inventory, billing and payroll.
• Processing
Minicomputers-Usually have from 8Kto
• Storage 256K memory locations , and a relatively
established application software, PDP-8, the
• Output IBM System 3, and the Honeywell to 200 and
1200 computers are typical example of
Classification by Purpose minicomputers.
General purpose computers- design to Meduim-size Computer-Computers can
perform a wide range of task and application
serve the needs of a large bank,insurance
EX. company, or university. Usually have memory
size rainging from 32k to 512k. IBM Ayetem
• personal computers (PCs) 370, Burroughs 308 System and NCR Century
200 System are example of medium size
• Laptop computers
• Notebooks Large Computer-have the capacityfrom
512k to 8129k and these computers have
• Server internal operating speeds measured in terms of
Special purpose computers-design to perform nanoseconds, as compared to smaller
specific task or function efficiently computers where speed is interms of
microseconds.
EX.
Supercomputers-Machines that have
• digital signal processors (DSPs) capabilities for beyond even the traditional
large scale systems. Their speed is in the 100-
• graphics processing units (GPUs) million-instructions-per-second range. Works
at a speed hundred times faster than that of
• embedded systems today's average computer.
INPUT, OUTPUT, AND STORAGE
DEVICES

INPUT
 Input devices are controlled by the
users
 Device that help in giving the
instructions to the computer are called
“Input devices''.
 Set of instruction that are given to a
device

OUTPUT
 The results that come after processing
an input
 Output is the result of processed data
that we can see through some other
devices
 Device that is controlled by a
computer.

STORAGE
PRIMARY
 This is a fixed storage device in a
computer.
 It has RAM – Random Access
Memory and and ROM – Read-Only
Memory.
 RAM stores temporary data. If the
power goes off, data is lost.
 Volatile

SECONDARY
 They are external devices used to
store data and information for a
more extended time.
 These devices are used to store the
data permanently.
 Nonvolatile