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Akbar

The document discusses the early challenges faced by Akbar, who ascended to the Mughal throne at the age of 13 after the death of his father, Humayun. It highlights Akbar's military conquests, administrative reforms, and policies of religious tolerance, including the establishment of Din-i-Illahi. Additionally, it outlines Akbar's diplomatic strategies, land revenue system, and the role of Rajputs in his administration.

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Jo Nj
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16 views21 pages

Akbar

The document discusses the early challenges faced by Akbar, who ascended to the Mughal throne at the age of 13 after the death of his father, Humayun. It highlights Akbar's military conquests, administrative reforms, and policies of religious tolerance, including the establishment of Din-i-Illahi. Additionally, it outlines Akbar's diplomatic strategies, land revenue system, and the role of Rajputs in his administration.

Uploaded by

Jo Nj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MUGHAL

EMPIRE
CONNECT : Discussion

During the death of humayun , Akbar was only 13 years old and
was in Punjab as a Governor.
Humayun gained throne in his 20’s faced a lot of challenges ,

Do you think It would be easy for Akbar to


become a Ruler at the age of 13, What were the
challenges he must have faced in Delhi ????
VIDEO :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=
desktop&v=0-PI3C3p5-A&t=35s
BATTLE OF PANIPAT II - 1556 CE
1. Akbar was fighting the Afghans (Sikander Suri) in
Gurdaspur when Humayun died.
2. Hemu , the Chief minister of Adil Shah Sultan
(Nephew of Shershah), had captured Delhi and
established his rule.
3. With the help of Bairam Khan fought in the 2nd
battle of Panipat in 1556 and captured the throne of
Delhi.
AKBAR THE GREAT
(1556 – 1605 CE)
• Jalaluddin Muhamed Akbar was
known as the “The Greatest Ruler
of Mughal Empire”.
• He was known for his religious
policy and reforms in
administration.
• First Mughal ruler to consolidate
his position.
AKBAR THE GREAT
(1556 – 1605 CE)
• After the Battle , Bairam Khan acted as Prime minister and extended the empire
and Akbar with his help have reconquered places and consolidated the empire.
• After the age of 18, he took up the administration by ending the regency of
Bairam Khan
Expansion and Consolidation :
• Akbar used Diplomacy, Military and Marriage alliances in expansion.
• Akbar expand his territory by military expeditions to Gwalior, Jaunpur, Ajmer
and Malwa.
• He also conquered Gujarat , Kashmir, Kandahar, and Kabul, Berar and parts
of Ahmednagar.
HOTS : Higher order
thinking Skills

How Marriage alliances and diplomacy


helps in avoiding wars and in reducing
losses?
HOME WORK :

List any 5 places


annexed by Akbar in
his rule
When did the battle of Panipat II
took place :
A. 1526
B. 1525
C. 1556
D. 1626
When did the battle of Panipat II
took place :
A. 1526
B. 1525
C. 1556
D. 1626
Who fought against Akbar in the
Battle of Panipat II:
A. Medini Rai
B. Ibrahim Lodi
C. Hemu
D. Bahadur Shah
Who fought against Akbar in the
Battle of Panipat II:
A. Medini Rai
B. Ibrahim Lodi
C. Hemu
D. Bahadur Shah
Who among the following could be
considered as better King than the other ?

Akbar / Humayun

Why ?
List the reasons for the success of Akbar (HW).
Today’s Topic :
Reforms by
AKBAR.
Akbar’s Rajput Policy
• Akbar maintained friendly and matrimonial relations with the Rajput local
rulers (conciliating - winning over by pleasing acts) and also did not reduced
their powers and authorities. He also promised to provide military help in need.
• He allowed the Rajputs of Rajasthan remain in power and also after the
subjugation of chittoor, Akbar gained the trust of Rajputs.
• Liberal measures : stopped the enslavement of women and children after
revolts. Remitted Pilgrimage taxes.
• Allowed Rajputs to hold highest positions in administration : like generals and
Governors ,
• Ex : Raja Todarmal (Revenue / Finanace minister), Raja Birbal and Raja Man
Singh (Military General)
Akbar’s Religious Policy
Earlier times :
• Akbar understood the importance of tolerance towards the hindus to govern
the large empire.
• Proposed the policy of Peaceful cooperation and abolished Jizya (Tax on Non
muslims) in 1564.
• Stopped the forceful conversion of war prisoners.
His innovative policy : Sul- i - Kul (Universal Peace)
• He believed that every religion in the country aimed at peace and harmony.
• Based on his principles - he started a new religion called Din- I - Illahi
(Divine Faith).
Akbar’s Din - i - Illahi (Divine Faith)
• New religion formulated by Akbar,
• Main features :
• Oneness of God
• Emperor as the representative of God on Earth.
• Aimed at achieving peace, tolerance and harmony.
• No rituals, No sacred books, no priests and no temples or mosques.
Evaluation as a religion :
• It is only a code of conduct and can not be considered to be a religion.
• Akbar did not force it on people.
• His own ministers Raja Birbal accepted it where else Raja man Singh
rejected it.
Administrative Reforms by Akbar
• Real founder of mughal empire.
• Transformation from Theocratic (Rule by religious teachings) to Secular state.
Abolished the influence of “ulema” - religious leaders over administration.
• Modelled administration with the pattern by Sher Shah.
• Separated departments and also ensured the system of checks and balances (inter
departmental supervision).
• Army and military powers in hands of the emperor.
• Ministers assisted Akbar were :
• Vakil or Wazir - The Prime Minister
• Diwan - Finance minister
• Mir Bakshi - Military Department
• Sadr - Incharge of religious affairs and endowments (donations).
Provincial Administration
• Central administration with rules and regulations to govern 15 Subas /
districts and provinces. Also Bureaucratic system (a Provinces
government administration managed by departments
staffed with non-elected officials. ) emerged later.
• Central administration with rules and regulations to govern
districts and provinces.
• Provinces had separate regional division called iqtas under a Parganas /
military generals. districts
• Also Vasal chiefs were called as Mansabdars , who were
represented in Ruler’s court and render military services in
need.
• They served in battles and also as police personnal in their
respective regions.
Villages
Land Revenue under Akbar
• Land revenue was the major part of income.
• Land assessment with average 10 years of produce and fixed land revenue.
• ⅓ of the produce as tax paid in cash or kind.
• Loans supplied for the need and taxes were remitted at times of drought.
• Bandobast revenue system :
• Devised on the basis of Shershah with help of his minister Raja
Todarmal.
• Lands were surveyed and were categorized into 4 categories ;
i. Polaj - Land under cultivation
ii. Parauti - Occasionally left fallow to regain fertility.
iii. Chachar (3 - years) and Banjar (5 or more years) - Left fallow for
longer period.

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