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Lecture27wn ME320SP19

Homework 8 is due on March 22, with late submissions accepted until March 25. The document also covers topics from Chapter 9 on Differential Analysis, including the Continuity Equation and the Navier-Stokes Equation, along with examples and applications related to fluid dynamics. Key concepts discussed include the conservation of mass, shear stress in Newtonian fluids, and the formulation of the Navier-Stokes equation.

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6 views13 pages

Lecture27wn ME320SP19

Homework 8 is due on March 22, with late submissions accepted until March 25. The document also covers topics from Chapter 9 on Differential Analysis, including the Continuity Equation and the Navier-Stokes Equation, along with examples and applications related to fluid dynamics. Key concepts discussed include the conservation of mass, shear stress in Newtonian fluids, and the formulation of the Navier-Stokes equation.

Uploaded by

Ruyi Man
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Homework 8 due Friday March 22 before class.

Late homework accepted before class on Monday March 25.


Try to check out the bucket experiment early to avoid conflicts. You can check out the bucket for 2
hours during the day and work on the experiment outside the Instrument Shop.
If you check out the bucket after 3:30 p.m., you need to return the bucket by 9 a.m. the next weekday
to 23 Reber or 305 Reber.
If you check out the bucket on Friday, return it on Monday.

Chapter 9 Differential Analysis


9‐2 Continuity Equation
9‐5 Navier‐Stokes Equation

ME 320.2 Lecture 27
March 18, 2019
L. Pauley
Conservation of Mass
In general, continuity equation cannot be used by
itself to solve for flow field, however it can be used to:
1. Determine if velocity field is incompressible

2. Find missing velocity component

Lecture 27 2
Example DE1. Does the velocity field describe
incompressible flow?
   
V  4 xy i  2 y j  sin  x  k
2

Lecture 27 3
Example DE2. A two‐dimensional incompressible flow has an
x‐component of velocity
u ( x, y )  2sin( x) cos( y )
Find the y‐component of velocity.

Lecture 27 4
Lecture 27 5
Applications of Roll Cells
Convection Roll Cells between two plates. Lower plate is heated.

Convection cells produced by liquid on hot plate.


(Boiling water in a pot.)

Rolls Cells between two concentric cylinders


with the inner cylinder rotating.

Lecture 27 Photos from “An Album of Fluid Motion” van Dyke


6
Differential Momentum Equation
Navier‐Stokes Equation
 
Start with Newton’s Law: F  ma

Writing the equation for a control volume instead of fixed mass:


(See Lecture 3)     
 DV V V V V 
F m  m  u  v  w 
Dt  t x y z 

Now apply for a differential control volume where


dm   dx dy dz
And look at dForces dues to pressure, shear stress and body
force

Lecture 27 7
Forces on Differential Control Volume
• Body force due to weight of CV:
 
dFbody   g dx dy dz

• Pressure force on CV in x‐direction


  P   P
dFpress , x   P   P  dx   dy dz   dx dy dz
  x   x

• For all coordinate directions,


  P  P  P  
dFpress    i j k  dx dy dz  P dx dy dz
 x y z 

Lecture 27 8
Navier‐Stokes Equation
• Reduction in the
(toothpaste) number of variables is
achieved by relating
(paint) shear stress to strain‐
rate tensor.
• For Newtonian fluid
(quicksand) with constant
properties

Newtonian fluid includes most common


Newtonian closure is analogous
fluids: air, other gases, water, gasoline
to Hooke’s Law for elastic solids
Lecture 27 9
Shear Stress
 ui u j 
For a Newtonian fluid,  ij  2 ij     
 x
 j xi 

 u v 
 xy     
 y x 
 v w 
 yz     
 z y 
 u w 
 xz     
 z x 

Lecture 27 10
Lecture 27 11
Now Put all the Terms Together

DV 
Substitute all of these terms into m  F
Dt

And divide by dx dy dz

DV  
Gives  P  g   V
2

Dt
The vector notation can be expanded for Cartesian
Coordinates
     2 2
 V V V V  P    V  V  V 
2
   u  v  w     g    2  2  2 
 t x y z  xi  x y z 

Lecture 27 12
This is a vector equation. It can be written in the three coordinate
directions.
     2 2
V V V V  P   V  V  V 
2
   u  v  w    g    2  2  2 
 t x y z  xi  x y z 
X‐Momentum Equation:

Y‐Momentum Equation:

Z‐Momentum Equation:

See Page 475 (p469 in 3E and p431 in 2E) for Navier‐Stokes equations
in cylindrical coordinates. If needed on the exam, you will be given the
cylindrical equations.
Lecture 27 13

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