class rules
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course outline (GE Math 1)
Chapter 1 – The Nature of Mathematics
Chapter 2 – Mathematical Langauge and Symbols
Chapter 3 – The Language of Sets
Chapter 4 – Functions and Relations
Chapter 5 – Logic and Conditional Statements
Chapter 6 – Patterns and Problem Solving
Chapter 7 – Statistics
Chapter 8 – Graph Theory
Chapter 9 – Modular Arithmetic
Chapter 10 – Cryptology
CHAPTER 7a.
STATISTICS –
Measures of
Central Tendency
Core Idea
“Statistical tools derived from mathematics are useful in
processing and managing numerical data in order to describe
a phenomenon and predict values.”
learning objectives
1. discuss statistics;
2. describe the different measures of central
tendency;
3. compute for the arithmetic mean, weighted mean,
median, and mode of a given set of data; and
4. construct a frequency table.
population – entire group under consideration
sample
– any subset of
the population
STATISTICS
❑ descriptive statistics
- involves collection, organization,
summarization, and presentation of a
data which describes the sample
❑ inferential statistics
- interprets results and draws conclusion
for a population based on a sample
inferential statistics
population
sampling
sample
descriptive statistics
descriptive statistics
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
❑ Mean
❑ Median
❑ Mode
MEAN/ARITHMETIC MEAN
It is computed The 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 of 𝑛 numbers is the sum
by finding the of the numbers, divided by 𝑛.
sum of the data ∑𝒙
values divided 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 =
𝒏
by the number
of data values. where ∑𝑥 is the sum of the numbers.
𝝁 ∶ mean of a population ഥ ∶ mean of a sample
𝒙
MEAN/ARITHMETIC MEAN
Example 1. Finding the Mean (Page 102)
Six friends in a biology class of 20 students
received test grades of 92, 84, 65, 76, 88,
and 90.
Find the mean of these test scores.
MEDIAN
It is the middle
number or the mean The 𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏 of a ranked list of 𝒏
of the two middle is the:
numbers in a list of ▪ middle number if 𝒏 is odd; and
numbers that have ▪ mean of the two middle numbers
been arranged in is 𝒏 is even.
numerical order from
smallest to largest or
largest to smallest.
• ranked list – list of numbers that is
arranged in numerical order from
smallest to largest or vice versa.
MEDIAN
Example 2. Finding the Median (Page 103)
Find the median of the data in the following
lists.
a. 4, 8, 1, 14, 9, 21, 12
b. 46, 23, 92, 89, 77, 108
MODE
A list of numbers may The 𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒆 of a list of numbers
have 1 or more mode. In is the number that occurs most
some instance, there are frequently.
list of numbers that has
no mode.
▪ unimodal – a list of numbers that contains one mode.
▪ bimodal – a list of numbers that contains two mode.
▪ multimodal – a list of numbers that contains three or
more mode.
MODE
Example 3. Finding the Mode (Page 103)
Find the mode of the data in the following
lists.
a. 18, 15, 21, 16, 15, 14, 15, 21
b. 2, 5, 8, 9, 11, 4, 7, 23
COMPARISON BETWEEN MEAN, MEDIAN, & MODE
❑ The mean, median, and mode are all averages.
Consider the following examples and compare the mean,
median, and mode for the salaries of employees of a
company.
Php370,000 Php42,000 Php 36,000 Php32,000
Php 30,000 Php30,000 Php 25,000 Php 5,000
Which best represents the average of these salaries?
COMPARISON BETWEEN MEAN, MEDIAN, & MODE
❑ The mean, median, and mode are all averages.
❑ The mean is affected by the extreme value while
the mode and median are not.
❑ The median is useful when one or more extreme
values exists in the list.
❑ The mode is the least used and can only be
considered when dealing with nominal data.
THE WEIGHTED MEAN
The 𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒅 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 of 𝑛 numbers
𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , … , 𝑥𝑛 with the respective
assigned weights 𝑤1 , 𝑤2 , 𝑤3 , … , 𝑤𝑛 is
∑(𝒙 ∙ 𝒘)
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 =
∑𝒘
where ∑(𝑥 ∙ 𝑤) is the sum of the
products formed by multiplying each
number by its assigned weight and
∑𝑤 is the sum of all the weights.
THE WEIGHTED MEAN
Consider the example below:
Subjects Grade Unit/s
Mathematics 98 3
Filipino 90 3
English 88 3
Science 89 3
Computer 92 1
What is the general
Physical Education 95 2
weighted average
GWA: __________ 15
(GWA) ?
THE WEIGHTED MEAN
Suppose Anita obtained the following
average grades for each component:
Prelim Exam – 85
Midterm Exam – 88
Final Exam – 88
Quiz – 90
If the grading system states that the prelim is 25%, midterm is
35%, and final exam 20%, quiz is 20%, what is his final grade?
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
It is constructed through a table that lists observed
events and the frequency of occurrence of each
observed event, is often used to organize raw data.
Consider the raw data: (Refer to Page 106)
Number of Laptop Computers per Household
2 0 3 1 2 1 0 4
2 1 1 7 2 0 1 1
0 2 2 1 3 2 2 1
1 4 2 5 2 3 1 2
2 1 2 1 5 0 2 5
Construct a frequency distribution table and find the mean,
median, and mode of the data.
RELATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
It is a type of frequency distribution that lists the percent of
data in each class.
Download Number of Percent of
Time subscribers subscribers
a. What is the percent of 0-5 6
5-10 17
subscribers who required
10-15 43
at least 25 s? 15-20 92
20-25 151
25-30 192
30-35 190
b. What is the percent of 35-40 149
subscribers who required 40-45 90
at most 20 s? 45-50 45
50-55 15
55-60 10
Practice Exercises. Consider the following items.
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End of Discussion…
