Solution

Section A

1.
(b) 81
Explanation: Let the two numbers be x and y.
It is given that:
x = 54
​HCF = 27
LCM = 162
We know,
x × y = HCF × LCM
⇒ 54 × y = 27 × 162

⇒ 54y = 4374
4374
⇒ ∴ y = = 81
54

2. (a) a > 0, b < 0 and c > 0

Explanation: Clearly, f (x) = ax 2
+ bx + c represent a parabola opening upwards.
Therefore, a > 0
The vertex of the parabola is in the fourth quadrant, therefore b < 0
y = ax + bx + c cuts Y axis at P which lies on OY.
2

Putting x = 0 in y = ax + bx + c , we get y = c.
2

So the coordinates of P is (0, c).

Clearly, P lies on OY. ⇒ c>0
Hence, a>0, b<0 and c>0
3. (a) x = 3, y = 2
Explanation: We have:
2x + 3y = 12 …(i)
3x – 2y = 5 …(ii)
Now, by multiplying (i) by 2 and (ii) by 3 and then adding them we get:
4x + 9x = 24 + 15
13x = 39
x= =3
39

13

Now putting the value of x in (i), we get

2 × 3 + 3y = 12
12−6
∴ y= 3
=2

4.
(d) 2 or -2
Explanation: Since the roots are equal, we have D = 0.
∴ 36k2 - 4 × 9 × 4 = 0 ⇒ 36k2 = 144 ⇒ k2 = 4 ⇒ k = 2 or -2.
5.
b−a
(b) n−1

Explanation: In the given A.P.

First term = a and nth term = b
∴ a + (n - 1)d = b
⇒ (n - 1)d = b - a
b−a
⇒ d =
n−1

6.
(b) (2, 0)
 Explanation: Let the required point be P(x, 0). Then,
2 2 2 2
PA = PB ⇒ (x + 1) = (x − 5)

2 2
⇒ x + 2x + 1 = x − 10x + 25

⇒ 12x = 24 ⇒ x = 2

So, the required point is P(2, 0).

7.
(c) -8
(−6−2)
Explanation: a

2
=
3
= −4 ⇒ a = −8

8.
(b) 5.6 cm.
Explanation: Since △AED ∼ △ABC
AE DE
∴ =
AB BC
12 DE
⇒ =
16+14 14

⇒ DE = 12×14

30
=
84

15
= 5.6 cm
9. (a) 45°
Explanation: In the given figure, ∠ AOD = 135°
We know that if a circle is inscribed in a quadrilateral, the opposite sides subtend supplementary angles.
∠ AOD + ∠ BOC = 180°

135° + ∠ BOC = 180°

⇒∠ BOC = 180° – 135° = 45°

10.
(d) 3 cm
Explanation: A quadrilateral ABCD is circumscribed to a circle with centre O.
AB = 6 cm, BC = 7 cm, CD = 4 cm, AD = 7 cm
rs-aggarwal-class-10-solutions-chapter-12-circles-mcqs-44
ABCD circumscribed to a circle.
AB + CD = BC + AD
⇒ 6 + 4 = 7 + AD
⇒ 10 = 7 + AD

AD = 10 - 7 = 3 cm
11. (a) 1
Explanation: We have, (cosecθ − sin θ)(sec θ − cos θ)(tan θ + cot θ)
1 1 sin θ cos θ
= ( − sin θ) ( − cos θ) ( + )
sin θ cos θ cos θ sin θ

2 2 2 2
1− sin θ 1− cos θ sin θ+ cos θ
= × ×
sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ
2 2
cos θ sin θ 1
= × ×
sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ
2 2
sin θ cos θ
= = 1
2 2
sin θ cos θ

12.
(c) 2
1
Explanation: Given: cot A + cot A
=2
Squaring both sides, we get
⇒ cot2A + 1

2
+ 2 × cot A × cotA
1
=4
cot A

cot2A +
1
⇒
2
=2
cot A

13.
−
−
(c) √ab
Explanation:
 Let h be the height of tower AB.

Given that: angle of elevation of top of the tower are ∠ D = θ and ∠ C = 90o - θ.Distance BC = b and BD = a
Here, we have to find the height of tower.
So we use trigonometric ratios.
In a triangle ABC,
AB
⇒ tan C =
BC

∘ h
⇒ tan(90 − θ) =
b
h
⇒ cot θ =
b

Again in a triangle ABD,

tan D = AB

BD
h
⇒ tan θ =
a
1 h
⇒ =
cot θ a

⇒
b

h
=
h

a
[Put cot θ = h

⇒ h2 =ab
−−
⇒ h = √ab

14.
10π
(b) 13
10π
Explanation: 13

15.
(b) 132

Explanation: Angle of the sector is 60°

Area of sector = ( θ

360
o
) × π r2

Area of the sector with angle 60o = ( ) × π r2 cm2

o
60
∴ o
360

=( 36

6
)π cm2
=6×( 22

7
) cm2
= 132

7
cm2

16. (a) 0.24

Explanation: Given: P (It will rain on a particular day) = 0.76
∴ P (It will not rain on a particular day) = 1 - P (It will rain particular day)

= 1 - 0.76 = 0.24
17
17. (a) 16

Explanation: Since, probability of an event always lies between 0 and 1.

Probability of any event cannot be more than 1 or negative as > 1
17

16

18.
(d) 30-40
Explanation: Class having maximum frequency is the modal class.
Here, maximum frequency = 30
Hence, the modal class is 30 - 40.
19.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section B
–
21. Let us assume that 4 + √2 is rational. Then, there exist positive co-primes a and b such that
– a
4 + √2 =
b
– a
√2 = − 4
b
– a−4b
√2 =
b

As a - 4b and b are integers.

a−4b
So, b
is a rational number .
–
But √2is not rational number .
–
Since a rational number cannot be equal to an irrational number . Our assumption that 4 + √2 is a rational number is wrong .
–
Hence, 4 + √2 is irrational.
22. According to question it is given that
AB
=
AC
Also, ∠ B = 70°, ∠ C = 180°
BD

DC

Since we know that, if a line through one vertex of a triangle divides the opposite side in the ratio of the other two sides, then the
line bisects the angle at the vertex.
∴ ∠1 = ∠2

In △ABC we know that sum of angles of a ∆ is equal to 180°

∘
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180

∘ ∘ ∘
⇒ ∠A + 70 + 50 = 180

∘ ∘ ∘
⇒ ∠A = 180 − 120 = 60

∘
⇒ ∠1 + ∠2 = 60
∘
⇒ ∠1 + ∠1 = 60 [∵ ∠1 = ∠2]

∘
⇒ 2∠1 = 60

∘
⇒ ∠1 = 30

∘
∴ ∠BAD = 30

23. Here, AC and AB are the tangents from external point A to the smaller circle.

∴ AC = AB
Now, AB is the chord of bigger circle and OQ is the perpendicular bisector of chord AB.
∴ AQ = QB

or, AB = 2AQ
or, AB = 2(5) = 10 cm ...[∵ Given AQ = 5 cm]
or, AC = 10 cm
24. LHS
= (sec θ + cos θ)(sec θ − cos θ)

Using identity (a + b)(a - b) = a2 - b2

2 2
= sec θ − cos θ
2 2
2 2
∵ sec θ = 1 + tan θ
= (1 + tan θ) − (1 − sin θ) [ ]
2 2
cos θ = 1 − sin θ
2 2
= 1 + tan θ − 1 + sin θ

2 2
= tan θ + sin θ
 = RHS
Hence proved
OR
L.H.S = sin2A.cos2B - cos2A.sin2B
2
= sin A(1 - sin2B)− {(1 - sin2A)sin2B} [∵ cos 2
θ = 1 − sin θ]
2

= sin2A - sin2A sin2B − {sin2B - sin2A sin2B}

= sin2A - sin2A sin2B− sin2B + sin2A sin2B
= sin2A - sin2B
= R.H.S

Hence proved.
∘

25. Here, r = 45 cm and θ = 360

8
= 45
∘

Area between two consecutive ribs of the umbrella = θ

360
∘
× πr
2

cm 2
∘

= 45
∘
×
22

7
× 45 × 45 =
22275

28
360

OR
Length of arc of circle = 44 cm
Radius of circle = 17.5 cm
Area of sector = r ×arc 1

2
1 2
= ( × 44 × 17.5) cm
2

2
= (22 × 17.5)cm

= 385 cm2
Section C
26. We have to take LCM of 2, 4,3
2 = ​2 × 1
4 = ​2 × 2
3 = ​3 × 1
LCM = 12
Thus they will meet at a gap of 12 days.
7 May - 19 May - 31 May - 12 June - 24 June - 6 July - 18 July - 30 July- 11 August - 23 August - 4 Sept.
Therefore the last day before 4th Sept. will be 23rd of August.
27. x2 - 6
Let p(x) = x2 - 6
For zeroes of p(x), p(x) = 0
2 2
– 2
⇒ x − 6 = 0 ⇒ (x) − (√6) = 0
– –
⇒ (x − √6)(x + √6) = 0

Using the identity a2 - b2 = (a - b) (a + b)

– –
⇒ x − √6 = 0 or x + √6 = 0
– – – –
⇒ x = √6 or x = − √6 ⇒ x = √6, − √6

So, the zeroes of x2 - 6 are √6 and −√6

– –

Sum of zeroes
– – −0 − Coefficient of x
= (√6) + (− √6) = 0 = =
1 2
Coefficient of x

Product of zeroes
– – −6 Constant term
= (√6) × (− √6) = −6 = =
2
1 Coefficient of x

Hence the relation between zeroes and coefficient is verified.

28. Let the one’s digit be ‘a’ and ten’s digit be ‘b’.
Given, two digit number is 4 times the sum of its digits and twice the product of the digits.
⇒ 10b + a = 4(a + b)

⇒ a = 2b

Also, 10b + a = 2ab

Substituting value of a.
⇒ 10b + 2b = 2 × 2b × b
 ⇒ b=3
Thus, a = 6
Thus, the number is 36.
OR
Let the number of 20 paisa coins be x and that of 25 paisa coins be y. Then,
x + y = 50 .... (i)
Total value of 20 paisa coins = 20 x paisa
Total value of 25 paisa coins = 25 y paisa
∴ 20 x+25 y = 1125 ...(because Rs11.25 = 1125 paisa )
⇒ 4x + 5y = 225 ... (ii)
Thus, we get the following system of linear equations
x + y - 50 = 0
4x + 5y - 225 = 0
By using cross-multiplication, we have
x −y 1
= =
−225+250 −225+200 5−4
y
⇒
x

25
=
25
=
1

1
⇒ x = 25 and y = 25
Hence, there are 25 coins of each kind.

29.

Two equal circles

∴ O'X = OX

and O'A = O'X

Now, in ΔAO'D and ΔAOC
∠A = ∠A [Common]

′ ∘
∠ADO = ∠AC O = 90

So, by AA similarly, we have

Δ AO'D ~ ΔAOC
AO CO
∴ =
′ ′
AO DO
′ ′ ′
AO +AO +AO CO
⇒ =
′ ′
AO DO
′
3AO CO
⇒ =
′ ′
AO DO
CO
⇒ 3 =
′
DO
′
DO 1
⇒ =
CO 3

OR
Here, we have to find the perimeter of triangle PCD.

Perimeter is nothing but sum of all sides of the triangle. Therefore we have,
Perimeter of △P C D = P C + C D + P D
In the given figure we can see that,
CD = CQ + QD
Therefore,
 Perimeter of △P C D = P C + C Q + QD + P D
We know that the two tangents drawn to a circle from a common external point will be equal in length. From this property we
have,
CQ = CA
QD = DB
Now let us replace CQ and QD with CA and DA. We get,
Perimeter of △P C D = P C + C A + DB + P D
Also from the figure we can see that,
DB + PD = PB
PC + CA = PA
Now, let us replace these in the equation for perimeter of △P C D. We have,
Perimeter of △P C D = PB +PA
Also, from the property of tangents we know that, two tangents drawn to a circle from the same external point will be equal in
length. Therefore,
PB = PA
Let us replace PA with PB in the above equation. We get,
Perimeter of △P C D = 2PB
It is given in the question that PB = 10 cm. Therefore,
Perimeter of △P C D = 2 × 10
Perimeter of △P C D = 20 cm
Hence, the perimeter of △P C D is 20 cm
30. We have,
4
5 tan θ = 4 ⇒ tan θ =
5
5 sin θ−3 c os θ

5 sin θ−3 cos θ

Now, L.H.S = [ Dividing Numbers and Denominator by cos θ]
c os θ
=
5 sin θ+2 cos θ 5 sin θ+2 c os θ

c os θ

5 sin θ 3 c os θ 4
− 5× −3
c os θ c os θ 5 tan θ−3 5 4
= = = [∵ tan θ = ]
5 sin θ 2 c os θ 4 5
5 tan θ+2
+ 5× +2
c os θ c os θ 5

4−3
=
4+2
=
1

6
= R.H.S
Hence proved.
31. Let the frequency of the class 30 - 40 be f1 and that of the class 50 - 60 be f2. The total frequency is 229.
12 + 30 + f1 + 65 + f2 + 25 + 18 = 229
⇒ f1 + f2 = 79
It is given that the median is 46
Clearly, 46 lies in the class 40 - 50. So, 40 - 50 is the median class.
∴ l = 40, h = 10, f = 65 and

F = 12 + 30 + f1
= 42 + f1
N = 229
N
−F

Median = l + 2

f
× h
229
−(42+ f1 )

46 = 40 + 10
2
×
65
145−2f
46 = 40 + 13
1

145−2f1
6= 13
⇒ 2f1 = 67 ⇒ f1 = 33.5 or 34 (say)
Since f1 + f2 = 79,
f2 = 79 - 34
= 45
Hence, f1 = 34 and f2 = 45
Section D
32. Here roots are equal,
2
∴ D= B − 4AC = 0
 Here, A = 1 + m 2
, B = 2mc, C = (c
2 2
− a )

2 2 2 2
∴ (2mc) − 4 (1 + m ) (c − a )= 0

or, 4m c − 4 (1 + m ) (c − a ) = 0
2 2 2 2 2

or, m c − (c − a + m c − m n ) = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

or, m c − c + a
2 2 2 2
− m c
2 2 2
+ m a
2
= 0

or, −c + a + m
2 2 2
a
2
= 0

or, c = a (1 + m
2 2 2
)

Hence Proved.
OR
Let the average speed of truck be x km/h.
150 200
+ = 5
x x+20

or, 150x + 3000 + 200x = 5x(x + 20)

or, x − 50x − 600 = 0
2

or, x − 60x + 10x − 600 = 0

2

or, x(x − 60) + 10(x − 60) = 0

or, (x-60)(x + 10) = 0
or, x = 60 ; or x = -10
as, speed cannot be negative
Therefore, x=60 km/h
Hence, first speed of the truck = 60 km/h
33. Given:
ABCD is a trapezium,
Diagonals AC and BD are intersect at 0.
To prove: PQ || AB || DC.
PO = QO
Concepts Used:
AAA Similarity Criterion: If all three angles of a triangle equals to angles of another triangle, then both the triangles are
similar.Basic Proportionality theorem: If a line is parallel to a side of a triangle which intersects the other sides into two distinct
points, then the line divides those sides in proportion
Proof:

In △ABD and △POD,

PO || AB ...[∵ PQ || AB]
∠D = ∠D ...[common angle]
∠ ABD = ∠ POD ...[corresponding angles]
∴ △ABD ∼ △POD ...[by AAA similarity criterion]

Then,
OP/AB = PD/AD …(i) [by basic proportionality theorem]
In △ABC and △OQC,
OQ || AB ...[∵ OQ || AB]
∠ C = ∠ C ...[common angle]

∠ BAC = ∠ QOC ...[corresponding angle]

∴ △ABC ∼ △OQC ...[by AAA similarity criterion]

Then,
OQ/AB = QC/BC …(ii) ...[by basic proportionality theorem]
Now, in △ADC,
OP || DC
 ∴ AP/PD = OA/OC ...[by basic proportionality theorem] …(iii)
In △ABC, OQ || AB
∴ BQ/QC = OA/OC ...[by basic proportionality theorem] …(iv)
From Equation (iii) and (iv),
AP/PD = BQ/QC
Adding 1 on both sides, we get,
= AP/PD + 1 = BQ/QC + 1
= ((AP + PD))/PD = (BQ + QC)/QC
= AD/PD = BC/QC
= PD/AD = QC/BC
= OP/AB = OQ/BC ...[from Equation (i) and (ii)]
⇒ OP/AB = OQ/AB ...[from Equation (iii)]
⇒ OP = OQ
Hence proved.
34. According to question
Diameterdiameter of the well = 7m
Radius of the well (r) = m = 3.5m and, height of the well (h) = 22.5 m
7

Volume of the earth dugout = π× (3.5)2 × 22.5 m3 = π × m3

7 7 45
∴ × ×
2 2 2

Let the width of the embankment be r metres. Clearly, embankment forms a cylindrical shell whose inner and outer radii are 3.5 m
and (r + 3.5) m respectively and height 1.5 m.
∴ Volume of the embankment = Area of ring at top × height of the embankment
= π {(r + 3.5)2 - (3.5)2} × 1.5 m3 = π (r + 7) r × 3

2
m3
But, Volume of the embankment = Volume of the well

3 7 7 45
⇒ πr(r + 7) × = π × × ×
2 2 2 2
49
⇒ r (r + 7) = 4
× 15
⇒ 4r2 + 28r = 735
⇒ 4r2 + 28r - 735 = 0
4r2 + 70x - 42x - 735 = 0
⇒ 2r(2r + 35) - 21(2r + 35) = 0

⇒ (2r + 35)(2r - 21) = 0

⇒ 2r + 35 = 0 or 2r - 21 = 0
−35
⇒ r= 2
or x = 21

2
−35

2
is negative, hence neglect this value
⇒ x =
21

2
= 10.5 m
Hence, the width of the embankment is 10.5 m
OR
Given side of a cube = 21 cm
Diameter of the hemisphere is equal to the side of the cubical piece (d) = 21 cm
⇒ Radius of the hemisphere = 10.5 cm

Volume of cube = Side3

= (21)3
= 9261 cm3
Surface area of cubical piece of wood = 6a2
 = 6 × 21 × 21 cm2
= 2646 cm2
Volume of the hemisphere = 2

3
3
πr

2 22
= × × 10.5 × 10.5 × 10.5
3 7

= 44 × 0.5 × 10.5 × 10.5

= 2425.5 cm3
Surface area of hemisphere = 2πr2
= 2 × π × 10.5 × 10.5 cm
= 693 cm
Volume of remaining solid = Volume of cubical piece of wood – Volume of hemisphere
⇒ Volume of the remaining solid = 9261 - 2425.5
= 6835.5 cm3
Surface area remaining piece of solid = surface area of cubical piece of wood – Area of circular base of hemisphere + Curved
Surface area of hemisphere
= 6a2 – πr2 + 2πr2
= (2646 – π × 10.52 + 693) cm2
= 2992.5 cm2.
35. Calculation of median:

Class interval Frequency(fi) Cumulative frequency

0 - 15 5 5

15 - 30 20 25

30 - 45 40 65

45 - 60 50 115

60 - 75 25 140
N = 140⇒ N

2
= 70.
The median class is 45 -60.
∴ l = 45, h = 15, f = 50, c. f . = 65
N
( −cf )

Median, M =l + {h ×
2
}
f

(70−65)
= 45 + {15 × }
50

5
= 45 + {15 × }
50

= 45 + 1.5 = 46.5

Hence, the median age of diabetic patients is 46.5 years.

Section E
36. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Students of a school thought of planting trees in and around the school to reduce air pollution. It was decided that the number of
trees, that each section of each class will plant, will be the same as the class, in which they are studying, e.g., a section of class I
will plant 1 tree, a section of class II will plant 2 trees and so on till class XII. There are three sections of each class.
 (i) Each class has 3 section
class 1 plants = 3 trees
class 2 plants = 6 trees
class 3 plants = 9 trees
∴ 3, 6, 9, ...

The no of trees planted by each class is in AP.

Sn = {2a + (n - 1)d}
n

S5 = 5

2
{2 × 3 + (5 - 1)3}
5
S5 = 2
{6 + 12}
5
S5 = 2
× 18
S5 = 45
∴ class 1 to 5 students plant 45 trees.

(ii) Sn = {2a + (n - 1)d}

n

S12 = 12

2
{2 × 3 + (12 - 1)3}
S12 = 6 {6 + 33}
S12 = 6 × 39
S12 = 234
∴ total no of trees planted by school = 234
OR
∵ Class 12th has
3 sections and each section plants 12 trees.
∴ total no of trees = 12 × 3

= 36 trees.
(iii)30
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
There is a function in the school. Anishka, Bhawna and Charu are standing in a rectangular ground at points A, B and C
respectively as shown in the figure. They are ready to perform an aerobic dance.

(i) Distance of Charu from y-axis = 8

(ii)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
Distance between Anishka and Bhawna = √(6 − 3) 2
+ (4 − 1)
2

−− −−−−
2 2
= √3 + 3
–
= 3√2
OR
Yes, because AB + BC = AC
–
(iii)AB = 3√2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
BC = √(8 − 6) + (6 − 4) 2 2

−− −−−−
2 2
= √2 + 2
–
= 2√2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
AC = √(8 − 3) 2
+ (6 − 1)
2

−−−−−−
= √25 + 25
–
= 5√2
–
AC = 5√2
AB + BC = AC
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Tower Bridge is a Grade I listed combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, built between 1886 and 1894, designed by
Horace Jones and engineered by John Wolfe Barry. The bridge is 800 feet (240 m) in length and consists of two bridge towers
connected at the upper level by two horizontal walkways, and a central pair of bascules that can open to allow shipping.
In this bridge, two towers of equal heights are standing opposite each other on either side of the road, which is 80 m wide. During
summer holidays, Neeta visited the tower bridge. She stood at some point on the road between these towers. From that point
between the towers on the road, the angles of elevation of the top of the towers was 60o and 30o respectively.

(i)

Suppose AB and CD are the two towers of equal height h m. BC be the 80 m wide road. P is any point on the road. Let
CP be x m, therefore BP = (80 – x).
Also, ∠ APB = 60o and ∠ DPC = 30o
In right angled triangle DCP,
tan 30o =
CD

CP

⇒ h

x
=
1

√3

⇒h= x
.......(i)
√3

In right angled triangle ABP,

tan 60o = AB

AP
h –
⇒ = √3
80−x
–
⇒ h = √3(80 − x)
x –
⇒ = √3(80 − x)
√3

⇒ x = 3(80 – x)
⇒ x = 240 – 3x
⇒ x + 3x = 240
⇒ 4x = 240

⇒ x = 60

Thus, the position of the point P is 60 m from C.

(ii)

x 60 –
Height of the tower, h = = = 20√3
√3 √3
–
The height of each tower is 20√3 m.
OR
 The distance between Neeta and top of tower CD.
In △CDP
sin 30o = CD

PD
CD
⇒ PD =
0
sin 30

20√3 –
⇒ PD = = 40√3
1

–
⇒ P D = 40√3

(iii)

The distance between Neeta and top of tower AB.

In △ABP
sin 60o =
AB

AP
AB
⇒ AP =
0
sin 60

20√3
⇒ AP =
√3

⇒ AP = 40 m